Environmental Control

Systems I- Temperature and

Humidity, Arch 353
Lecture # 11
Dr. Hussain Alzoubi

Dr. Hussain Alzoubi 1

To find the incident angle between the normal of
the surface and the solar altitude , you should be
able to find the solar angles, azimuth, and altitude

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Sun path diagram for latitude 32

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Sun path diagram for latitude 36

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1- the angle between the sun and the surface could
be found mathematically by conducting a vector
dot product
2- analyze the solar vector into three components
is, js, ks, and the surface normal into three
components: isu, jsu, and ksu, .
3-find the angle by the dot product as follows:
cos  = (is+ js+ ks).(isu+ jsu+ ksu)
cos  = is* isu + js* jsu + ks* ksu

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The angle between the sun and the normal of tilted
surfaces.

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-Knowing the solar angle of incidence gives the
amount of direct solar energy projected on the
PV panels.

Example:
1-if the direct normal solar radiation in Amman city(lat = 32)
at 10 am on June 21st is about 900 watt/m2. Find the
direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface (tilting angle=0)
Solution: from the table
The angle between the sun and the normal of horizontal
Surface normal () at 10 am on june 21st is 27.8
I = Idn x cos 
I = 900 X cos 27.8
= 900 X 0.884 = 796 watt/m2

796 watt/m2
900 watt/m2

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