PROJECT BASED ON JUTE AND ITS PROCESSING IN

INDUSTRY

SUBMITTED BY

Y. NIKHIL
REG NO : 17110079

DR B R AMBEDKAR NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JALANDHAR
(G. T Road, Amritsar Bypass,Jalandhar(Punjab), India -144011)

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

 JUTE AND ITS PROCESSING

Jute is the world's second most used fibre after cotton.The India jute
industry is an integral part of the Indian Textile Industry.Jute is a natural fibre
and is grown in extensive parts of West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Orissa and
Uttar Pradesh in India.The jute industry was once India's largest foreign
exchange earner. About 200,000 people are engaged in the industry besides
four million cultivators. The country produces about 1.6 million tonnes a year
of jute goods mainly in the form of hessian (fabrics), sacks, carpet backing and
carpets. Of late, other fancy products like curtains and handbags are being
produced.

The jute industry occupies significant place in the indian economy.It is

providing direct employment to about 0.26 million workers,and supporting the
lives of around 4.0 million farm families.Around 0.14 million people are
engaged in the tertiary sector,that supports the jute industry.

The india jute industry constitutes total mills from central government
which owns 6 jute mills,the state government owns 4,2 are under
cooperatives,and 64 jute mills are under private ownerships.India today has
around 78 jute mills and the state of west bengal alone has around 61 jute
mills.Andhra pradesh has 7 jute mills,3 mills in uttar pradesh and
bihar,Odisha,Assasm,Tripura and Madhya pradesh has 1 jute mill each.
 Jute industry in Andhra pradesh

The jute industry is long-standing labour-intensive industry in coastal

Andhra. The jute industry in Andhra Pradesh comprises of two segments. They are
composite jute mills will convert raw material into yarn and there from produce
fabric bags, twine mills will produce only jute yarn and twine from raw jute. The
following are the composite mills in Andhra Pradesh.

NAME OF THE MILL ESTIMATED YEARLY

PRODUCTION(MILLION TONNES)

Chittavasla jute mill,Visakhapatnam 30000

Sri krishna jute mills, Eluru 30000

Neelimerla jute mills limited, Guntur 30000

Sri Bajrang jute mills limited, Guntur 15000

Hooglt mills project limited, Vizianagaram 10000

COMPANY HISTORY

Sri krishna jute and cotton industry were established in 1910 by local
zamindar of eluru by name Ganga raju’s mothey’s family. Due to improper
administration of raw materials and labour problems the industry was closed in 1930
for some period. In 1947 the organization was named as “East India Commercial
Company”lease of “Krishna Hessians”.
 At present the turnover of the factory is 60-70 crores per year. Average
production per day is 80 tons. Krishna Hessians financial year start on April 1 and
end on March 31, now East India Company Commercial limited has nearly 2,75,000
authorised equity shares of Rs. 100 each and 2,70,674 subscribed equity shares of Rs.
100.

The raw is being purchased from several purchasing centres in A.P, Orissa and
West Bengal. They are purchasing from Bhimili, Srikakulam and Vijayanagarm. The
production of the company is mainly based on order from various customers mainly
the manufactures of paddy.

VISION OF COMPANY

To become best supplier of quality jute goods all over the country more
practically in south india, where most of its products are marketed

MISSION OF COMPANY

To develop new products and improve operational effeciencies and productivity

from a key focus area for quality control department.
 PROCESSING OF JUTE :

In general terms the types of jute yarns manufactured can be classified

according to the use to which they will be put.

(1) Fine Yarns: low count yarns for making fine fabrics for tailor's

inter-linings and the like. The volume of trade in these is comparatively small since
they are expensive and the top grades of jute must be used to enable such yarns to be
spun.

(2) Hessian qualities: medium weight yarns for weaving cloths for general packing
purposes, linoleum backings, carpet backings, etc.

(3) Carpet Yarns: usually medium/heavy weight yarns of good quality either single or
two-ply for the carpet industry.

(4) Sacking Yarns: medium/heavy yarns of lower grade used for the manufacture of
sacks and bags.

The spinning process depends upon which class of goods is being made but there are
features common to all systems, viz., all jute must be softened and lubricated with oil
and water so that the fibre may be processed without excessive fibre breakage and
waste; the meshy nature of the reeds must be split up and the fibres separated as far
as possible; the fibres must be drawn evenly into a sliver or loose untwisted strand
which is then drawn out to the desired thickness of yarn; the fibres must be twisted
together to give cohesion and strength to the yarn.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS :

yarns are made from long jute, i.e. jute from which the root ends have
been cut. The first requirement is that several different types of jute be blended
together so that long runs of uniform quality can be achieved and the desirable
properties of the various types of jute can be utilized and the cost of the raw material
kept to a reasonable level. If the jute comes from a pucca bale it is hard and stiff after
being subjected to the high pressure of the baling press and must be made more
pliable before any further processing can be carried out.
 Raw jute Gowdown

Finishing
blending

Weaving
spreading

Emulsion Beam formation

Carding
Winding

Drawing Spinning Yarn formation

Blowroom Process :

The first requirement is that several different types of jute be

blended together so that long runs of uniform quality can be achieved and the
desirable properties of the various types of jute can be utilized and the cost of the raw
material kept to a reasonable level.This is done by passing the jute through a machine
called the bale-opener.
Emulsion :

At this stage, however, the fibres are still rather harsh and brittle and
must be softened and lubricated before they can be further processed. This is done at
a machine called the spreader.At the other end of the machine an emulsion of water
and oil is applied, then the jute is wound up into a roll under heavy pressure.
Carding :

In carding the tufts of fibres are individualized by means of carding action

for efficient removal of fine trash particles.The sheet of carded fibres is drawn
through funnel in to a soft, bulky untwisted strand called a sliver.

Drawing :

Six or more slivers are fed to the drawing frame, where they are
combined, drafted and condensed in to single sliver. However, the resultant drawn
sliver is six or more times longer than original sliver.

Roving :

The carded or combed sliver is delivered to the ROVING FRAME. Here the sliver is
passed
through another set of drafting rolls, which produce roving by reducing the diameter
and increasing the length of the material. A small amount of twist is inserted in the
material at this stage known as roving as it is being wound onto a rotating spindle.

Spinning

The roving is mounted on the RING SPINNING FRAME and fed

through another set of drafting rolls. The final pair of rollers spins at about thirty
times the speed of the first pair. The highly attenuated yarn is fed onto a high-speed
spindle by a traveler, which rotates on a ring surrounding the spindle.The oscillating
motion of the traveler winds the yarn into a neat package.
Winding :

The principal objective of winding is to assemble many meters of yarn into

package form suitable for use in subsequent operations such as weaving and knitting.
A suitable package is one that can be easily unwound at high speed.

Beam formation :

In beam warping, the yarns are withdrawn from the single-end

yarn packages on the creel & directly wound on a beam. Direct warping is used in
two ways:
1. Beam warping can be used to directly produce the weaver’s beam in a
single operation. This is especially suitable for strong yarns that do not
require sizing such as continuous filaments & when the number of warp ends on
the warp beam is relatively small. This is also called direct beaming. 
2. Beam warping is used to make smaller intermediate beams called
warper’s beams. These smaller beams are combined later at the sizing stage
to produce the weaver’s beam. This process is called beaming
Weaving :

Weaving is the production of fabric by interlacing two sets of yarns so

that they cross each other, normally at right angles, usually accomplished
with a hand- or power-operated loom.

Finishing :
 Gray jute fabric has been bleached by three different processes—gray-
bleach, scour bleach, and gray ambient bleach—to produce white fabric.
These processes produce different optical and physical properties. All the
bleached jute fabrics were dyed with direct and reactive dyes. Bleached and
dyed jute fabrics were padded with finishing formulation comprising resin,
softener, and nonionic surfactant, subsequently dried and cured. An
evaluation of the bleached jute fabric reveals that the finishing treatment
resulted in very good creasing characteristics without much deterioration of
tensile strength.

TYPES OF PRODUCTS PRODUCED :

Gunny bags

Jute basket

Jute box

Jute carpet

Jute felt

Jute folders

Jute Hemp
Jute Hessian

Jute Mesh

Jute netting