Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch09
Ch09
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If a company obtains two salable products from the refining of one ore, the refining
process should be accounted for as a(n)
ANSWER: b EASY
ANSWER: a EASY
By-products Scrap
a. yes yes
b. yes no
c. no no
d. no yes
ANSWER: c EASY
a. decision making.
b. product costing.
c. control.
d. evaluating managers’ performance.
ANSWER: b EASY
9–1
9–2 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER: d EASY
6. Which of the following components of production are allocable as joint costs when a
single manufacturing process produces several salable products?
ANSWER: a EASY
ANSWER: d EASY
a. profitability.
b. conversion costs.
c. prime costs.
d. sales value.
ANSWER: d EASY
9. When allocating joint process cost based on tons of output, all products will
a. be salable at split-off.
b. have the same joint cost per ton.
c. have a sales value greater than their costs.
d. have no disposal costs at the split-off point.
ANSWER: b EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–3
10. If two or more products share a common process before they are separated, the joint costs
should be assigned in a manner that
ANSWER: a EASY
ANSWER: b EASY
ANSWER: d EASY
13. While preparing a salad, you remove the core of a head of lettuce. This core would be
classified as
a. defective.
b. shrinkage.
c. waste.
d. scrap.
ANSWER: c EASY
9–4 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER: b EASY
15. In a lumber mill, which of the following would most likely be considered a primary
product?
a. 2 × 4 studs
b. sawdust
c. wood chips
d. tree bark
ANSWER: a EASY
16. Company Q produces three products from a joint process. The products can be sold at
split-off or processed further. In deciding whether to sell at split-off or process further,
management should
a. allocate the joint cost to the products based on relative sales value prior to making
the decision.
b. allocate the joint cost to the products based on a physical quantity measure prior
to making the decision.
c. subtract the joint cost from the total sales value of the products before
determining relative sales value and making the decision.
d. ignore the joint cost in making the decision.
ANSWER: d EASY
ANSWER: b EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–5
a. Process costing is the only method that should result in by-products or scrap.
b. Job order costing systems will never have by-products or scrap.
c. Job order costing systems may have instances where by-products or scrap result
from the production process.
d. Process costing will never have by-products or scrap from the production process.
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
By-products Waste
a. no no
b. yes no
c. yes yes
d. no yes
ANSWER: b EASY
20. Under an acceptable method of costing by-products, inventory costs of the by-product
are based on the portion of the joint production cost allocated to the by-product
a. but any subsequent processing cost is debited to the cost of the main product.
b. but any subsequent processing cost is debited to revenue of the main product.
c. plus any subsequent processing cost.
d. minus any subsequent processing cost.
ANSWER: c EASY
21. Which of the following is a false statement about scrap and by-products?
ANSWER: c EASY
9–6 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER: d EASY
23. A product may be processed beyond the split-off point if management believes that
ANSWER: d EASY
ANSWER: d EASY
ANSWER: a EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–7
26. The net realizable value approach mandates that the NRV of the by-products/scrap be
treated as
ANSWER: c EASY
27. The net realizable value approach is normally used when the NRV is expected to be
insignificant significant
a. yes yes
b. no yes
c. no no
d. yes no
ANSWER: b EASY
28. Approximated net realizable value at split-off for joint products is computed as
ANSWER: b EASY
29. Which of the following is a commonly used joint cost allocation method?
a. high-low method
b. regression analysis
c. approximated sales value at split-off method
d. weighted average quantity technique
ANSWER: c EASY
9–8 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
30. Incremental separate costs are defined as all costs incurred between ___________ and the
point of sale.
a. inception
b. split-off point
c. transfer to finished goods inventory
d. point of addition of disposal costs
ANSWER: b EASY
31. All costs that are incurred between the split-off point and the point of sale are known as
a. sunk costs.
b. incremental separate costs.
c. joint cost.
d. committed costs.
ANSWER: b EASY
32. Incremental revenues and costs need to be considered when using which allocation
method?
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
33. The method of pricing by-products/scrap where no value is assigned to these items until
they are sold is known as the
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–9
ANSWER: c EASY
35. For purposes of allocating joint costs to joint products using the relative sales value at
split-off method, the costs beyond split-off
ANSWER: d EASY
36. Not-for-profit organizations are required by the _______ to allocate joint costs.
a. AICPA
b. FASB
c. CASB
d. GASB
ANSWER: a DIFFICULT
9–10 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
P.O.P. Co. produces two products from a joint process: X and Z. Joint processing costs for this
production cycle are $8,000.
Disposal
Sales price cost per Further Final sale
per yard at yard at processing price per
Yards split-off split-off per yard yard
X 1,500 $6.00 $3.50 $1.00 $ 7.50
Z 2,200 9.00 5.00 3.00 11.25
If X and Z are processed further, no disposal costs will be incurred or such costs will be borne
by the buyer.
37. Using a physical measure, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to X (round
to the nearest dollar)?
a. $4,000
b. $4,757
c. $5,500
d. $3,243
ANSWER: d EASY
38. Using a physical measure, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Z (round
to the nearest dollar)?
a. $4,000
b. $3,243
c. $5,500
d. $4,757
ANSWER: d EASY
39. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to X
(round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $5,500
b. $2,500
c. $4,000
d. $3,243
ANSWER: b MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–11
40. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Z
(round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $5,500
b. $4,000
c. $2,500
d. $4,757
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
41. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to X (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $4,000
b. $5,610
c. $2,390
d. $5,500
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
42. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Z (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $5,500
b. $4,000
c. $2,390
d. $5,610
ANSWER: d MEDIUM
43. Using approximated net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost
is allocated to X (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $3,090
b. $5,204
c. $4,000
d. $2,390
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
9–12 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
44. Using approximated net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost
is allocated to Z (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $2,796
b. $4,910
c. $4,000
d. $2,390
ANSWER: b MEDIUM
a. only X
b. only Z
c. both X and Z
d. neither X or Z
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
Tiny Co. produces three products: Bo, Mo, and Lo from the same process. Joint costs for this
production run are $2,100.
Disposal
Sales price cost per Further Final
per lb. at lb. at processing sales price
Pounds split-off split-off per pound per pound
Bo 800 $6.50 $ 3.00 $2.00 $ 7.50
Mo 1,100 8.25 4.20 3.00 10.00
Lo 1,500 8.00 4.00 3.50 10.50
If the products are processed further, Tiny Co. will incur the following disposal costs upon sale:
Bo, $3.00; Mo, $2.00; and Lo, $1.00.
46. Using a physical measurement method, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Bo (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $700
b. $679
c. $927
d. $494
ANSWER: d EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–13
47. Using a physical measurement method, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Mo (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $494
b. $679
c. $927
d. $700
ANSWER: b EASY
48. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Mo
(round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $700
b. $416
c. $725
d. $959
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
49. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Lo
(round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $959
b. $725
c. $700
d. $416
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
50. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Bo (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $706
b. $951
c. $700
d. $444
ANSWER: d MEDIUM
9–14 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
51. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Lo (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $706
b. $951
c. $444
d. $700
ANSWER: b MEDIUM
DED Co. is placing an ad in the local paper to advertise its products. The ad will run for one
week at a total cost of $5,500. DED has four categories of products as follows:
52. What amount of advertising cost should be allocated to hardware, assuming DED
allocates based on percent of floor space occupied?
a. $1,375
b. $1,100
c. $2,475
d. $ 825
ANSWER: b EASY
53. Assume that DED decides to allocate based on expected sales value. What amount of
advertising cost should be allocated to light fixtures (round to the nearest dollar)?
a. $1,375
b. $589
c. $1,002
d. $2,534
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–15
Rax produces four products from the same process: Cep, Dap, Eek, and Gok. Joint product costs
are $9,000. (Round all answers to the nearest dollar.)
Disposal Final
Sales price cost Further sales
per barrel per barrel processing price
Barrels at split-off at split-off costs per barrel
Cep 750 $10.00 $6.50 $2.00 $13.50
Dap 1,000 8.00 4.00 2.50 10.00
Eek 1,400 11.00 7.00 4.00 15.50
Gok 2,000 15.00 9.50 4.50 19.50
If Rax sells the products after further processing, the following disposal costs will be incurred:
Cep, $2.50; Dap, $1.00; Eek, $3.50; Gok, $6.00.
54. Using a physical measurement method, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Dap?
a. $1,748
b. $2,447
c. $1,311
d. $3,495
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
55. Using a physical measurement method, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Eek?
a. $3,495
b. $2,447
c. $1,748
d. $1,311
ANSWER: b MEDIUM
56. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Dap?
a. $4,433
b. $2,276
c. $1,108
d. $1,182
ANSWER: d MEDIUM
9–16 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
57. Using sales value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated to Gok?
a. $4,433
b. $1,182
c. $1,108
d. $2,276
ANSWER: a MEDIUM
58. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Cep?
a. $1,550
b. $1,017
c. $4,263
d. $2,170
ANSWER: b MEDIUM
59. Using net realizable value at split-off, what amount of joint processing cost is allocated
to Eek?
a. $1,017
b. $1,550
c. $2,170
d. $4,263
ANSWER: c MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–17
Sun Co. produces three products from the same process that has joint processing costs of $4,100.
Products RR, SS, and TT are produced in the following gallons per month, respectively: 250,
400, and 750. Sun also incurred advertising costs of $60,000; the ad was used to run sales for all
three products. They occupy floor space in the following ratio: 5:4:9. (Round all answers to the
nearest dollar.)
60. Using gallons as the physical measurement, what amount of joint processing cost is
allocated to SS?
a. $2,196
b. $1,171
c. $1,367
d. $732
ANSWER: b EASY
61. Using gallons as the physical measurement, what amount of joint processing cost is
allocated to TT?
a. $2,196
b. $732
c. $1,367
d. $1,171
ANSWER: a EASY
62. Assume that Sun chooses to allocate its advertising cost among the three products. What
amount of advertising cost is allocated to RR using the floor space ratio?
a. $20,000
b. $17,806
c. $1,139
d. $16,667
ANSWER: d EASY
9–18 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
63. Assume that Sun chooses to allocate its advertising cost among the three products. What
amount of advertising cost is allocated to SS using the floor space ratio?
a. $911
b. $14,244
c. $13,333
d. $20,000
ANSWER: c EASY
64. Love Co. manufactures products A and B from a joint process. Sales value at split-off
was $700,000 for 10,000 units of A, and $300,000 for 15,000 units of B. Using the sales
value at split-off approach, joint costs properly allocated to A were $140,000. Total joint
costs were
a. $98,000.
b. $200,000.
c. $233,333.
d. $350,000.
ANSWER: b EASY
65. Lite Co. manufactures products X and Y from a joint process that also yields a by-
product, Z. Revenue from sales of Z is treated as a reduction of joint costs. Additional
information is as follows:
Products
X Y Z Total
Units produced 20,000 20,000 10,000 50,000
Joint costs ? ? ? $262,000
Sales value at
split-off $300,000 $150,000 $10,000 $460,000
Joint costs were allocated using the sales value at split-off approach. The joint costs
allocated to product X were
a. $75,000.
b. $100,800.
c. $150,000.
d. $168,000.
ANSWER: d EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–19
SHORT ANSWER/PROBLEMS
1. Briefly discuss the four decisions that management must make concerning joint
processes.
ANSWER: The four decisions that managers must make regarding joint processes are
as follows. They must try to determine what joint costs, selling costs, and separate
processing costs are expected to occur when certain products are manufactured. Next,
management must decide on the best use of resources that are available. Managers must
next classify, as joint products and/or by-products/scrap, the output of production. The
last decision that must be made is whether some or all of the products will be processed
further or sold at split-off. This decision is made based on the incremental costs that
would be incurred to process further and the incremental revenue if processed further.
Joint production costs are irrelevant to this decision.
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
3. Discuss briefly the three monetary measurement techniques of joint cost allocation.
ANSWER: The sales value at split-off method assigns costs based only on the
weighted proportions of the total sales values of the joint products without consideration
of disposal costs at the split-off point. To use this method, all products must be salable at
the split-off point. The net realizable value method assigns costs based on the product’s
proportional net realizable value at the split-off point. Net realizable value is equal to
product sales revenue at split-off minus any costs necessary to prepare and dispose of the
product.
Approximated net realizable value at split-off method requires that a simulated net
realizable value at split-off be calculated. This is equal to final sales price minus
incremental separate costs. Incremental separate costs refer to all costs that are incurred
between split-off and the point of sale.
MEDIUM
9–20 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
4. Briefly discuss the restrictions and requirements on service organizations and notfor-
profits that relate to joint cost allocation.
MEDIUM
5. Briefly discuss the net realizable value at split-off point method of allocating joint costs.
ANSWER: The net realizable value at split-off method assigns joint costs based on
each product’s proportional NRV at the split-off point. NRV is equal to sales price minus
costs that are necessary to prepare and dispose of the product. To use this method, all
products must be salable at the split-off point.
MEDIUM
6. Why is the net realizable value of scrap used to lower estimated overhead costs in setting
a predetermined overhead rate in a job order costing situation in which scrap is expected
on most jobs?
ANSWER: The net realizable value of scrap is used in this way because the amount
received from the sale of scrap is considered to be a reduction of the total cost incurred in
the production process. This process is similar to the treatment of sales values of assets
purchased and then sold in a “basket” of goods. The estimated cost of scrap is used in
setting overhead rates; therefore, when the scrap is sold the amount received should be a
reduction of total overhead.
MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–21
BL Company produces only two products and incurs joint processing costs that total $3,750.
Products Aba and Ibi are produced in the following quantities during each month: 4,500 and
6,000 gallons, respectively. BL also runs one ad each month that advertises both products at a
cost of $1,500. The selling price per gallon for the two products are $20 and $17.50,
respectively.
7. What amount of joint processing costs is allocated to each product based on gallons
produced?
ANSWER:
A = 4,500/10,500 × $3,750 = $1,607
I = 6,000/10,500 × $3,750 = $2,143
EASY
8. What amount of advertising cost is allocated to each product based on sales value?
ANSWER:
A = 4,500 × $20.00 = $ 90,000/$195,000 × $1,500 = $692
I = 6,000 × $17.50 = 105,000/$195,000 × $1,500 = $808
$195,000
MEDIUM
9–22 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
GAB Company produces three products from the same process and incurs joint processing costs
of $3,000.
Disposal
Sales price cost per Further Final sales
per gallon gallon at processing price per
Gallons at split-off split-off costs gallon
Mat 2,300 $ 4.50 $1.25 $1.00 $ 7.00
Nat 1,100 6.00 3.00 2.00 10.00
Qat 500 10.00 8.00 2.00 15.00
Disposal costs for the products if they are processed further are:
9. What amount of joint processing cost is allocated to the three products using sales value
at split-off?
ANSWER:
M = 2,300 × $ 4.50 = $10,350/$21,950 × $3,000 = $1,415
N = 1,100 × $ 6.00 = $ 6,600 $21,950 × $3,000 = $902
Q = 500 × $10.00 = $ 5,000/$21,950 × $3,000 = $683
$21,950
MEDIUM
10. What amount of joint processing cost is allocated to the three products using net
realizable value at split-off?
MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–23
11. A company produces two main products jointly, A and B, and C, which is a by-product
of B. A and B are produced form the same raw material. C is manufactured from the
residue of the process creating B.
Costs before separation are apportioned between the two main products by the net
realizable value method. The net revenue realized from the sale of C is deducted from
the cost of B. Data for April were as follows:
ANSWER:
NRV:
A (800,000 × $.4375) = $350,000 – $50,000 = $300,000
B (200,000 × $.65) = $130,000 – ($32,000 – $2,000) = 100,000
$400,000
ALLOCATION:
A ($300,000/$400,000 × $200,000 = $150,000
B ($100,000/$400,000 × $200,000 = 50,000
UNIT COST:
A ($150,000 + $50,000)/800,000 = $ .25
B ($50,000 + $30,000)/200,000 = $ .40
GROSS PROFIT:
A ($ .4375 – $.25) × 640,000 = $120,000
B ($ .65 – $.40) × 180,000 = 45,000
$165,000
DIFFICULT
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–25
12. The total joint cost of producing 2,000 pounds of Product A; 1,000 pounds of Product B;
and 1,000 pounds of Product C is $7,500. Selling price per pound of the three products
are $15 for Product A; $10 for Product B; and $5 for Product C. Joint cost is allocated
using the sales value method.
Required:
a. Compute the unit cost of Product A if all three products are main products.
b. Compute the unit cost of Product A if Products A and B are main products and
Product C is a by-product for which the cost reduction method is used.
9–26 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER:
EASY
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–27
13. A Manufacturing Company makes three products: A and B are considered main products
and C a by-product.
Required: Using the by-product revenue as a cost reduction and net realizable value
method of assigning joint costs, compute unit costs (a) if C is a by-product of the process
and (b) if C is a by-product of B.
9–28 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER:
ALLOCATION
$1,000,000/$1,350,000 × $238,500 = $176,667
$ 350,000/$1,350,000 × $238,500 = 61,833
$238,500
UNIT COST:
A ($176,667 + $320,000)/220,000 = $2.26
B ($61,833 + $190,000)/180,000 = $1.40
b. NRV
A $1,000,000 = $1,000,000/$1,388,100 × $276,600 = $199,265
B $350,000 + $38100 = 388,100/$1,388,100 × $276,600 = $ 77,335
$1,388,100
UNIT COST
A ($199,265 + $320,000)/220,000 = $2.36
B ($77,335 + $151,900)/180,000 = $1.27
MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–29
14. Smith Co. processes raw material in Department 1 from which come two main products,
A and B, and a by-product, C. A is further processed in Department 2, B in Department
3, and C in Department 4. The value of the by-product reduces the cost of the main
products, and sales value is used to allocate joint costs.
Selling Price:
A $10/lb.
B $5/lb.
C $2/lb.
Required:
ANSWER:
SALES VALUE
A 10,000 × $10 = $100,000/$200,000 × $70,000 = $35,000
B 20,000 × $ 5 = 100,000/$200,000 × $70,000 = $35,000
$200,000
UNIT COST
A ($35,000 + $10,000)/10,000 = $4.50
B ($35,000 + $8,000)/20,000 = $2.15
b. ENDING INVENTORY
B 5,000 × $2.15 = $10,750
C 1,000 × $2.00 = 2,000
$12,750
c. NRV
A $100,000 – $10,000 = $ 90,000/$182,000 × $70,000 = $34,615
B $100,000 – $8,000 = 92,000/$182,000 × $70,000 = 35,385
$182,000 $70,000
UNIT COST
A ($34,615 + $10,000)/10,000 = $4.46
B ($35,385 + $8,000)/20,000 = $2.17
ENDING INVENTORY
B 5,000 × $2.17 = $10,850
C 1,000 × $2.00 = 2,000
$12,850
MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–31
15. Three identifiable product lines, Products A, B, and C, are obtained in fixed quantities
from a basic processing operation. The cost of the basic operation is $320,000 for a yield
of 5,000 tons of Product A; 2,000 tons of Product B; and 1,000 tons of Product C. The
basic processing cost is allocated to the product lines in proportion to the relative weight
produced.
Beltway Products Company does both the basic processing work and the further
refinement of the three product lines. After the basic operation, the products can be sold
at the following prices per metric ton:
Product A—$60
Product B—$53
Product C—$35
Product Lines
A B C
Variable cost per metric ton $8 $7 $4
Total fixed cost $20,000 $16,000 $6,000
The fixed cost of the refining operation will not be incurred if the product line is not
refined.
The refined products can be sold at the following prices per metric ton:
Product A—$75
Product B—$65
Product C—$40
Required:
a. Determine the total unit cost of each product line in a refined state.
b. Which of the three product lines, if any, should be refined and which should be
sold after the basic processing operation? Show computations.
9–32 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER:
WT ALLOCATION
a. A 5,000 5,000/8,000 × $320,000 = $200,000
B 2,000 2,000/8,000 × $320,000 = 80,000
C 1,000 1,000/8,000 × $320,000 = 40,000
8,000 $320,000
UNIT COST
A ($200,000 + $20,000)/5,000 + $8 = $52
B ($80,000 + $16,000)/2,000 + $7 = $55
C ($40000 + $6,000)/1,000 + $4 = $50
MEDIUM
Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products 9–33
16. The Stone Company produced three joint products at a joint cost of $100,000. These
products were processed further and sold as follows:
The company has had an opportunity to sell at split-off directly to other processors. If
that alternative had been selected, sales would have been: A, $56,000; B, $28,000; and
C, $56,000.
The company expects to operate at the same level of production and sales in the
forthcoming year.
Required: Consider all the available information and assume that all costs incurred after
split-off are variable.
a. Could the company increase net income by altering its processing decisions? If
so, what would be the expected overall net income?
b. Which products should be processed further and which should be sold at split-
off?
9–34 Chapter 9 Cost Allocation for Joint Products and By-Products
ANSWER:
A B C
b. Sales $189,000 $302,000 $119,000
– Cost (200,000) (300,000) (100,000 )
NI/(LOSS) $(11,000) $ 2,000 $ 19,000
EASY