July 29 2019

BIOMOLECULES (biological molecules)

-carbohydrates
-lipids
-protiens
-nucliec acid
-enzymes
-are large mmolecules nessesary for life, that are built from small organic molecules.
-cells dry mass;water makes the majority
=organic
-carbon
-hydrogen
-oxygen,nitrogen,etc.

DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Monomers-the sbmits or building blocks that makes up a macromolecule(large molecule)(consist of 1000 above
atoms)
M+m+m…=process called polymerization
Polymers-larger molecules made up of linked monomers combined with covalent bonds.
-releases water molecules as byproduct.

HYDROLYSIS
-unlike dehydration synthesis, hydrolysis uses water molecules to breakdown polymers.
-example digesting food
-to form water
Lipid=glycerol+fatty acid

CARBOHYDRATES
-carbo=carbon components
-Hydrates=water components
-represented by the stoichiometric formula( CH2O)n
N=number of calcium in the molecules
Ratio
Classification: monosaccharides -mono=one,

Disaccharides
-Triose
-pentose
-hexose
-glucose (c6h12o6)
Monosaccharides that have same chemical formula(c6h12o6)and both hexose.
But this monosaccharides differ structurally and chemically.

DISSACHARIDES
-di-two
-sacchar-sugar
form when two monosaccharides….

COMMON DISSACCHARIDES
Lactose = glucose and galactose
Maltose = 2 glucose
sucrose =…
STARCH = a stored form of sugar in plants and made up of amylose and amylopectin.
GLYCOGEN = a stored form of sugar in human and animals and made up of monomers of glucose.
Cellulose = most abundant natural biopolymer.

In herbivores, certain species of bacteria and protist reside in the rumen and secrete the enzymes cellulase.
In arthropods, carbohydrates serves them various function such as
Exo…
HYDOPHOBIC = “water- fearing”

FATS AND OIL

Glycerol = an organic compounds with three carbons, five hydrogen, and three hydroxyl(OH) group.
Fatty acids = have along chain of “fatty acids”
LIPIDS
fats are also called triacylglycerols or triglycerides.
Ex: Palmitic acid
Saturated fatty acid
Arachidic acid