GRAVAMEN, ARVIN RINMOND F, ARTUR 4. BOME -36n ME LAB A 1 YYART ARE LIQUID FUELS USED FoR? [SU@vIO FUELS ARE BURNABLE OR ENERGY PRODUCING ATOM THAT CAN BE TACKLED To MAKE MECHANICAL ENERGY, FOR THE MOST PART CREATING MOTOR ENERGY; THEY ADDITIONALLY SHOULD TAKE THE STATE OF THEIR HOLOER. \T Is THE EdUAET OF LIGWIO FUELS THAT ARE COMBUSTIE RATHER “THAN THE LIQUID. MOST FUEL LIGUIO IN FAR RENONING USE ARE GOTTEN FROM NON: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES; NONETHELESS, THERE ATE A PEVY KINDS, FOR EVAMPLE, HYDROGEN FUEL CFOR AUTOMOBILE USES), ETHANOL AN BIODIESEL, WHICH ARE UIKEAISE CLASSIFIED AS A LIGUIO FUEL, NUMEROWS FLUIDS POWER ASSUME AN ESSENTIAL PART IN TRANGFORTATION AND THE ECONOMY, 2) WHAT ARE PROPERTIES OF FUEL -7SOME NORMAL PROPERTIES OF FUEL FILLS ARE THAT THEY ARE NOT DIFFICULT To MOVE, AND CAN BE TAMEN CARE OF EFFORTLESSLY, ACTUAL PROPERTIES OF TAQUIO FUEL POWER FLACTUATE GY TEMPERATURE, HOKEVER NOT AS INCREDIBLY CONCERNING VAPOROUS FUELS, A PORTION OF THESE PROPERTIES ARE: FLASK PONT, THE MOST REOVCED TEMPERATURE AT WICH A COMBUSTIBLE CENTRAUZATION OF FUME 1S CREATED; FIRE POINT, TRE TEMPERATURE AT WAICK SUPPORTED CONSUYINING OF FUME WILL HAPPEN; Cloud POINT FOR DIESEL POWERS, THE TEMPERATURE AT WICK BROKE UP WAXY MIXTURES START TO COMBINE, AO POUR PONT, THE TEMPERATURE BENEATH WHICA THE FURL [S TOO THI TO EVEN CONSIOER POURING UNINNIBITEDLN, THESE PROPERTIES INELUENCE THE THE SECURITY ANO TREATMENT OF THE FUEL. 3) \NH IS AN EXAMPLE OF LGU FUELT > PETROLEUMS, 3y NATURAL GAS ANO LIQUEFIED GAS > BODIES > ALCOROLS AMETRANOL ETHANOL % BUTANOL. > WOROGEN, Sy SOME UELS,PERT B MAKE A DETAILED PROCEDURE AND LABORATORY AMO ee IN, DETERMINING: by DENSITY OF LIGUIO FUELS 7 OSING A PYCHOMETER C SMALL FLASK AND GLASS STOPPER WITH CALLIAKY TUBE), ONCE YOU FIL THE FLASK WITH WATER UP TO ITS NECK THEN cover IT BY STOPPER. THE UOUIO WILL FORCE UP TO “HE CAPLUARY am THE EXCESS WILL THOWN AWAY TO GINE A PREUSE VOLUME OF SAME. MEET \5 TO MEASURE TS MASS, WE fet MEAGORE “THE INTIML WEIGHT OF THE FLASK TEN THE MAAS WITH A DISTILLED WATER, BY SIMPLY SUBTRACTING THe MASS OF FILED FLASK GY AN EMPTY FLAME GAN GET THE ACTUAL Made OF THE WATER, REMINDER THAT A ORTILLED WATER IS THE LiGUID USE DUE TD IIS PRONOUNCE OENSITY, 1.0005 /m1 © °C AND DEPENDING ON ROOM TEMPERATURE IT CHANGES LET'S SA WITH [OOM TEMPERATURE OF THC, DENSITY OF WATER = O42353g In. Now OWING THE MMS OF WATE BY ITs DENSITY WE CAN GET THE VOLUME. FOR OUR LIQUID FUEL, WE DO THE SAME STEP OF DETEAMING (TS MASE THEN DNIE THE EQ a THE. VOWME TO DETERMINE ITS DENSITY. D SPECIFIC GReviTy OF LIQUID FUELS 27 To MERCURE THE SPECIFIC GRANTY OF The LIGUID FUEL, WE NEED TO USE A WNOROMETER ANG A HYOROMETER TAR IT HAS A RGHT DAMETER To ELIMINATE TRE EEE EFFECT OF THE SURFACE TENSION AN \T OPERKTES BASED ON THE ARCAIMEQES PRINCIPLE THAT A GoLID DISPLACES ITS OWN WEIGHT WITAM AL Ligue IN WRK IT FLOATS, To BEGIN THE MEASURMENT (KE NEED TO sLoRKux BOUR THE UGD TO THE SAR ON ITS SIDE TO AVOID A BUBELE TORIATION THEN STIR (T SLOWLY TO ELNAWIATE THE UNWANTED BUBBLE FORMATION. HOLO THe STEM OF THE HVDROMETER AT THE TOP CFINGER PRINT OAK AFFECT THE ACCURACK), SLOWLY LOWER THE NOROMETER WTO “THE LiGUIO AND RELERS WHEL TT WS OW THE EQUILBRIUM, REST THE CTEM BETWEEN NOEK FINGER AND THOME “THEM PUSH A FEW MILIMETER DOVAMNARD IT WILL RISE AND BECOME STEADY ANDO WILL GWE YOU “ME READING BY LOOKING OM THE INTERSECTION OF THE MORZONTAL UGUD ANG THE HYOROMETER DVSCOSTY OF LAOUIO FUEL “7 TO MEASURE THE VISLOSTY OF ALLEL, WE Use OSTWALO'S VIGOMETER ALONG SIOE WITH A CLAN BOTTLE, STOPWATOA, UNKNOWN LIOULD, PYCAOMETER, VINET INO WEIGAING SCALE. THE VISCOMETER 15 A U-SHAPE TUBE,TT HAS TWO VALE ANNO B. THE VAWEA 15 CONNECTED BY A FINE CRUUMY TO TRE U--TuRE WHILE VALVE IG DIRECTLY CONNECTED To pRAINTAIN THE HYOROSTATIC PRESSURE, ALSO, VAWE A BAS TWO MARKS CAND DD, © 15 THE HIGHER END OF THE VATE AND D IS THE LONER END OF THE VANE. MaviNG On TO THE PROCEDURE, We STEP 15 TO CLERN THE VISCOMETER WITH BORIC ACID TREN WASH Witt DISTILLED WATER AND ALCOHOL LIKE ACETON AND LET BRY, CLAMS THE WSCOMETER VERTICALLY THEN POUR A SUFREIENT NOLOME OF WATER (STO BE FILLED MS VALE R USING “YIVET AND MORE TAK A MALE ON VALE B. USING THE VIVET BUMP, RSE THE WATER TO MARKC OF VALE A ANO LET ITGO DOWN TO MARK O BY 11S OWN WEIGHT. MEASURE THE FLOW OF WWETER BY STOPWATCH CTIMED ABIO DO IT FOR 3 TIMES THEN GET THE MEN weMOVE THE WATER FROM THE VISCOMETER THEN LET IT DAY. OO THE SAME STEP TO MEAGURE THE LIGUD FUEL, NOW DETERMINE THE DENETY OF TWO FLUIDS BY MEACUMING ITE MASS USING PYCNOMIETER WE FIRST MREASURE The WAS OF THE BOTTLE ITSELF BEFORE MEASURING THE BOTTLE WITH WAIER, OFFENDING ON THE BOOM TEMPERKTURE “TRE DENSITY OF WATER WILL VARY, SUBTRACT THE MASS CF FILED BOTTLE BY TRE INTIAL AAS THEN DNIDE \T BY TRE DENSITY OF WATER TO GET ITS VOLUME, Aiso GET THE WSs OF THE FUEL USING THE SAME STEP OM “TRE WATER SHEN DNICE TT BY THE VOLUME TO DETERMINE ITS OENETY, FANALLY, USING THE FORMA nan TEEAER We CAN NOW GET THE Pee MSCOSTY OF GUI FUEL. ©. SOLVE THE FOLLOWMG PROBLEM DA GeO Bhy OIESL ENGINE USES FULL OL OF 28° KP\ GRAIITY, FEL COSOMPTON 1S OG WWBnphe. COST OF WEL WG F445 FER LATER, FOR CONTINODS OPERATO DETERMINE THE TANINHOM VOLUKE OF GIBICAL DAY THE IN Grd AgugLENT TemepuaTuRE (S WSC. 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