Questions for The Implications of

Cumulative Brain Trauma as a Result of

Concussive and Sub Concussive Impact
Episodes
True or False

1. There is little evidence to support gender differences exist in number and severity of concussive
episodes
2. RE; #1 the evidence supports the concussive risk to the female is greater vs. males
3. Increased attention is being directed to the importance of cervical spine strengthening as an
adjunct to other concussive reducing measures
4. CTE (Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy) is three progressive stages ending in dementia
5. The inside border of the cranial vault is the only structure inducing trauma to the brain as it
floats as a result of induced trauma
6. The evidence defines an insult to the head, jaw inducing a rotational force results in 3X the
amount of trauma to axonal structures
7. Only the most expensive helmets are protective and it makes little sense to “shop around” for a
less expensive helmet as they are not protective
8. The knowledge athletes now have about concussive devastation is greater, and, as a result have
an increase in reporting concussive symptoms and events to coaches and athletic trainers.
9. Athletes should never be left alone, sent home without parental notification, or drive
immediately post-concussion
10. The lucid interval is the period of time where: trauma occurs, concussion like symptoms are
present and then they clear where the athlete appears to have returned to normal. Once they
are lucid, there is no clinical reason for further monitoring.
11. Current evidence shows sub concussive episodes do not have long term clinical ramifications
12. Current investigations include blood study work to secure an early objective indication of brain
trauma. The scope would evaluate an increased level of such markers as S100B and Total Tau
protein reflecting brain trauma.