Chapter 4 Vocabulary

1. Federalism: the principles of the Federalist Party.

2. *Division of Powers*: DescriptionThe separation of powers is a representation for the
governance of a state. Under this model, a state's government is divided into branches, each
with separate, independent powers and responsibilities so that powers of one branch are not in
conflict with those of the other branches.
3. Delegated Powers: are government powers specifically outlined in the U.S. Constitution.
4. Expressed Powers: are those specifically named in the Constitution. They are sometimes
called delegated powers or enumerated powers.
5. Implied Powers: in the United States, are powers authorized by the Constitution that, while
not stated, seem implied by powers that are expressly stated.
6. Inherent Powers: are powers held by a sovereign state. In the United States, the President
derives these powers from the loosely worded statements in the Constitution that "the executive
Power shall be vested in a President" and the president should "take care that the laws be
faithfully executed".
7. Reserved Powers: are the powers which are neither prohibited or explicitly given by law to
any organ of government. Such powers, as well as general power of competence, are given
because it is impractical to detail in legislation every act allowed to be carried out by the state.
8. Exclusive Powers: are powers within a federal system of government that each constituent
political unit is absolutely or conditionally prohibited from exercising. That is, either a constituent
political unit may never exercise these powers, or may only do so with the consent of the federal
government.
9. Concurrent Powers: a political power independently exercisable by both federal and state
governments in the same field of legislation. It is a power delegated to the federal government
by the U.S. Constitution that is also held by the states. It is the power shared by the federal and
state governments.
10. Enabling Act: a statute empowering a person or body to take certain action, especially to
make regulations, rules, or orders.
11. Act of Admission: A congressional act admitting a new State to the Union.
12. Grants-in-Aid Program: is money coming from a central government for a specific project.
13. Categorical Grant: is money granted by the federal government to state and local
governments, with strict limitations on how it is to be spent.
14. Block Grant: a grant from central government which a local authority can allocate to a wide
range of services.
15. Project Grant: are grants given by the federal government to state and local governments on
the basis of merit.
16. Interstate Compact: are contracts between two or more states creating an agreement on a
particular policy issue, adopting a certain standard or cooperating on regional or national
matters.
17. Full Faith and Credit Clause: addresses the duties that states within the United States have
to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state."
18. Extradition: the action of extraditing a person accused or convicted of a crime.
19. Privileges and Immunities Clause: prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a
discriminatory manner. Additionally, a right of interstate travel may be plausibly inferred from the
clause.