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    AMCA 201:2002

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    AMCA 201:2002

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    35 views35 pages

    AMCA Publication-Excerpts 201

    Uploaded by

    Jeff Sauck
    AMCA 201:2002

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 35
    FANS AND OS nis FAN APPLICATION MANUAL ime PUBLICATION j 201:2002 ANCA International Pubkoaton 201:2002 6. AIR SYSTEMS. 61 THE SYSTEM ‘An alr systom may consist simply ofa fan wth uctng connected to ether the inet of outet of to both, A more complicated ystom may inchude a fan, ductwork, air contol dampers, coolng cols, heating col, fers, ctusers, sound attenuation, turing vanes, otc. See ‘ANCA Publation’ 200 Air Systoms, for more ieformaton, 62 COMPONENT LOSSES Every system has. a combined resistance to aifiow thats usualy dflerent from every other ‘stem and is dependent upon the Individual ‘components inthe systam, ‘Tho. determination of the ‘pressure loss" of ‘vesitance to alrlow.” forthe. individual components canbe obtained from the component manufacturers. The determination of pressure losses for ductwork design Is well ‘ocumentod in standard handbooks such as the [ASHAE Handbook of Fundamental, In a later section the etecs of some systom ‘components and fan accessories on fan perfomance are discussed. The Systom Effects resented wil assist the system designer to ‘determine fan selection. (63 THE SYSTEM CURVE ‘Ata fed airfow through a given air system Corresponding pressure loss, or resistance to this arion, wil dst. Ifthe airfow is changed, the resuting pressure loss, or resistance to aifion, wil also. change. The relalonship ‘between aifiow pressure and loss can vary as 8 function of ‘ype of duct components, thet intoracion and the local velciy magnitude. many cases, ypcal duct systems operate in the ‘turbulent fow rogine and the pressure lone can be approximated as a funclon of velooty (ot aitiow) squared. The simplifying relatonehip Used inthis pubcaon governing the change in Drossure loss as a function of aow for a foxed system iP =(Q10F ‘A more though dscussion of duct system pressure losses. can bo found in ANCA Publicaton 200 Ar Systams, [AMCA Intemational ubeation 2012002 / PERCENT OF SYSTEM RESISTANCE o 2% 8% 6 8 10 120 140 60 © 180 200 PERCENT OF SYSTEM AIRFLOW Figure 6-1 Systom Curves ‘The system curve ofa "ied systen plots a6 artiste P of 144% since system resistance parabola in accordance with the above varies wit the square ofthe aiflow Ukewise, Felaonship. Typical plots of the resistance loa decrease in aflow to 60% would eaut in & ‘tow versus volume airfow for three dfferent and erease In system resistance P to 25% of the arbarary fied systoms, (AB, and C) are design system resistance. iiystated in Figure 61. For a fixed system an increase or decrease in aiflow resuls in an In Figure 6-1, System Curve B is representative increase or decrease in the system resistance ofa system that has more component pressure ‘long the glen system curve only. Also, a the Components in a system change, the system loss than System Curve A. and Systom Curve C ‘cure changes. has less component pressure loss than System Cuve a Refer to Duct System A Figure 6-1. With a system atthe design allow (@) and ata design Notice that on a percentage basis the same System resistance (P), an increase In allow to relationships algo ld for System Curves B and 120% of Gwilresultin an inerease in system C. These relatonships are characterise of (ypical xed systons 21 ANCA internations! Pubscaton 207:2002 6.4. INTERACTION OF SYSTEM CURVE AND FAN PERFORMANCE CURVE It he system characteristic cuve, composed of the resistance to systom aifiow and the appropri” SEF have” bean accurately Getermined, then the fan wit delver the designated aiclow when installed inthe system, “The point of intersection ofthe system curve and the fan pertormance curve determines the actual ‘aifow. System Curve A in Figure 6-2 has been ploted wih a fan performance cue that Intersects the system design point ‘Tne aiflow through the system ina given instalation may be varied by changing the PERCENT OF SYSTEM RESISTANCE 0 0 system resistance. This usualy accomplished Dy using fan dampers, duct dampers, mang Doves, terminal uns, e. Figure 62 shows the sirfow may be reduced from design @ by increasing the resistance to aifiow, Le, changing the system curve from System Ato System . The new operating pomt is'now at Point 2 (the intersection of the fan ‘uve end the new System B) with the airtow at ‘approximately 80% of Q. Silay, the arfow can be Increased by decreasing the resistance to aifiow, ie. changing the system curve from ‘System Ato Systom C. The now operating pot is now at Point 3 (the intersection of the fan Curve and the new System C), wih the alfow at approximately 120% of 2 100 120 140 160 180 200 PERCENT OF SYSTEM AIRFLOW Figure 6-2 Interaction of Systom Curves and Fan Curve 2 AMCA Intorational Pubaton 201:2002 65 EFFECT OF CHANGES IN SPEED Increases or docraasos in fan rotational speed wil ater the airlow through a system. ‘According o the Fan Laws (eee below), the % Increase in arto is cirecty proportional to the fan rotatonal speed rato, and the fan static ‘pressure is propotonal to the equare of the fan folaonal speed rai. Thus, @ 10% increase in fan rotational speed vl result n anew fan curve wih 8 10% increase in Q, as llstated in Figure 3. Since the sytem components dé not change, Sjetem Cuve A remains the same. Witt aitow increasing by 10% over the original the system resistance Increases along Systom Curve A to Point 2, at the intersection ‘wih te new fan uve. “Tho grater airiow moved bythe fan against the resulting higher systom resistance to lriow i & mmeseure of the eroased work dene. In the same system, the fan offciency remains the same at all pont onthe same system curve, PERCENT OF SYSTEM RESISTANCE on o © w ‘This 19 due to the fact that aitlon, sistem resistance, and requred power are varied by tbe ‘Appropriate rato of tha fan rotational speed 65.1 Fan Laws - Effect of Change In Speed - (Fan Ske And Alr Density Remalring Constant) FForthe same size fan, D. = Dand, there, (0/0) = 1. When te a density does no vay, ep end the a dens rato fale) = 1. Ke 1s {ken az equal to unty in this and folbwing examples. = a(n Pom Fis (MINE Pan Pos (NINE PERCENT OF POWER woo um tay ae «aD 00 PERCENT OF SYSTEM AIRFLOW Figure 63 Effect of 10% Increase in Fan Speed 23 AMCA ntomatona Publication 201:2002 EFFECT OF DENSITY ON SYSTEM = Nand too, (N/A) =1. Then szeis RESISTANCE. liso xed, = Dand therfore (20) = 1. ‘The resistance of a duct systom is dependent ano upon the densty of the alr fowing though the ‘system. An ar donsty of 12 gin? (0.075 Pe=R(oup) [Ref is standard in the fan industry froughout the wodd. Figure 6-4 lustrats the effect on tho Pe= P(e) fan performance of a densty vaiaton from the ‘standard value, Pox P(e) 66.1 Fan Laws Effect of Change In Density Hh Hoi) (an Size and Speed Remaining Constant) ‘When the speed ofthe fn doesnot change, Ne see = PERCENT oF SYSTEM AESISTANGE AND FAM PRESSURE PERCENT OF POWER: 0% 4 « % 100 10 140 160 100 20 pvcoror seen aaron Fou 4 Deny et c 24 When system pressure losses have boon accurately estimated and desirable fan let and ‘utet conditions ave. been proved, design | ‘ail can be expected, as lstrated in Figure | 65. Note agan that the intersocton_of the | ‘actual system curve and the fan cure dotomine | the actual airton. | a | | __.| DESIGN RESISTANCE L AMCA Intemational ubleaton 201-2002 However, when system pressure losses fave ot boon aocurstly estimated asin Figure 6-4, or when undesirable fan inlet and. cute condone exst as in Figure 67, design perfomance may not be obtained Figure 6 FaniSystom Curve at Design Point | — scxovamnow ——-l Figure 6-6 Fan / System Curve Not at Design Point 26 DESION RESISTANCE | sennamnw Figure 67 Deficient Fan/Syatem Performance -Syetem Effect Inored, 88_ EFFECTS OF ERRORS IN ESTIMATING SYSTEM RESISTANCE 6.8.1 Higher System Resistance. In Fue 6, System Curve B shows a situation whore @ system has greater resistance to alow than designed (Curve A). This condition is generally f recut of inaccurate allowanoes of system Fesistance, All pressure losses must be Considered when calculating system rosistance or the actual system wil be more restive to ‘flow than Intended. Tis condition reauts in fn actual afiow at Pont 2, which is at a Nghor ressure ad lower airflow than was expected. the actual duct system pressure loss is greater than design, an increas in fan speed may be necessary to achieve Point 8, the deskon ain. CAUTION: " Botore increesing fan rotation ‘speed, check with the fan manufacturer to on] >3rr| B33 | BE>>|BE>> Phe2|

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