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Tegangan Aksial
Tegangan Aksial
Tegangan (Stress)
Jenis jenis pembebanan
Tegangan Normal (Normal Stress)
s
• = Regangan (mm/mm)atau (in/in)
• = Perubahan panjang (mm atau in)
• L = Panjang semula (mm atau in)
Hubungan tegangan dan regangan
• sp = batas kesebandingan
• sv = Titik luluh atas
• sE = Titik luluh bawah
• sB = Kekuatan tarik
• s B = Tegangan tarik maksimum
• s f = Tegangan Patah
Hukum Hooke
Apabila suatu bahan yang mengalami pembebanan menunjukkan suatu
hubungan linier antara tegangan dan regangan, maka bahan dikatakan
elastis, sedangkan perbandingan antara tegangan dan regangan pada
daerah elastis linier dikenal sebagai modulus elastisitas dari bahan yang
dinyatakan dalam persamaan
axial strain
Defleksi
F
s = F
s A F= A =
F .L
atau =
F .L
E= A. A.E
l L
= =
L L
Dimana F : Gaya normal (N)
A : Luas penampang ( mm2)
L : Panjang batang semula ( mm2)
E : Modulus elastisitas ( N/mm2)
Deformations Under Axial Loading
• From Hooke’s Law:
s P
s = E = =
E AE
• From the definition of strain:
=
L
• Equating and solving for the deformation,
PL
=
AE
• With variations in loading, cross-section or
material properties,
PL
= i i
i Ai Ei
2 - 17
Example 2.01
SOLUTION:
• Divide the rod into components at
the load application points.
2 - 18
SOLUTION: • Apply free-body analysis to each
component to determine internal forces,
• Divide the rod into three
components: P1 = 60 103 lb
P2 = −15 103 lb
P3 = 30 103 lb
Pi Li 1 P1L1 P2 L2 P3 L3
= = + +
A
i i iE E 1A A 2 A 3
=
1 ( ) ( ) (
60 103 12 − 15 103 12 30 103 16
+ +
)
6
29 10 0.9 0.9 0.3
L1 = L2 = 12 in. L3 = 16 in.
= 75.9 10−3 in.
A1 = A2 = 0.9 in 2 A3 = 0.3 in 2
2 - 19
Sample Problem 2.1
SOLUTION:
• Apply a free-body analysis to the bar
BDE to find the forces exerted by
links AB and DC.
• Evaluate the deformation of links AB
The rigid bar BDE is supported by two and DC or the displacements of B
links AB and CD. and D.
2 - 20
Sample Problem 2.1
SOLUTION: Displacement of B:
PL
Free body: Bar BDE B =
AE
(− 60 103 N )(0.3 m )
=
(500 10-6 m2 )(70 109 Pa )
= −514 10− 6 m
B = 0.514 mm
MB = 0
Displacement of D:
0 = −(30 kN 0.6 m ) + FCD 0.2 m
PL
FCD = +90 kN tension
D =
AE
MD = 0 (90 103 N )(0.4 m )
0 = −(30 kN 0.4 m ) − FAB 0.2 m
=
(600 10-6 m2 )(200 109 Pa )
FAB = −60 kN compressio n = 300 10− 6 m
D = 0.300 mm
2 - 21
Sample Problem 2.1
Displacement of D:
BB BH
=
DD HD
0.514 mm (200 mm ) − x
=
0.300 mm x
x = 73.7 mm
EE HE
=
DD HD
E
=
(400 + 73.7 )mm
0.300 mm 73.7 mm
E = 1.928 mm
E = 1.928 mm
2 - 22
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