10/11/2019

What is CFD?
• What is CFD and its objective?

– Computational Fluid Dynamics

Computational Fluid Dynamics – Historically Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD) and EFD
(Experimental Fluid Dynamics) was used. CFD has become
feasible due to the advent of high speed digital computers.
– Computer simulation for prediction of fluid-flow phenomena.
-1- – The objective of CFD is to model the continuous fluids with
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and discretize PDEs into an
algebra problem (Taylor series), solve it, validate it and achieve
simulation based design.

Why use CFD? Where is CFD used? (Aerospace)

• Why use CFD? • Where is CFD used?
– Analysis and Design – Aerospace
• Simulation-based design instead of “build & test” – Appliances
– More cost effectively and more rapidly than with experiments
– Automotive
– CFD solution provides high-fidelity database for interrogation of
flow field – Biomedical F18 Store Separation
• Simulation of physical fluid phenomena that are difficult to be – Chemical Processing
measured by experiments
– Scale simulations (e.g., full-scale ships, airplanes) – HVAC&R
– Hazards (e.g., explosions, radiation, pollution) – Hydraulics
– Physics (e.g., weather prediction, planetary boundary layer, – Marine
stellar evolution)
– Knowledge and exploration of flow physics – Oil & Gas
– Power Generation
– Sports
Wing-Body Interaction Hypersonic Launch
Vehicle
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Where is CFD used? (Appliances) Where is CFD used? (Automotive)

• Where is CFD used? • Where is CFD used?

– Aerospace – Aerospace
– Appliances – Appliances
– Automotive – Automotive
– Biomedical – Biomedical
– Chemical Processing – Chemical Processing
External Aerodynamics Undercarriage
– HVAC&R – HVAC&R Aerodynamics

– Hydraulics – Hydraulics
– Marine – Marine
– Oil & Gas Surface-heat-flux plots of the No-Frost
– Oil & Gas
– Power Generation refrigerator and freezer compartments helped – Power Generation
BOSCH-SIEMENS engineers to optimize the
– Sports location of air inlets.
– Sports
Interior Ventilation
5 Engine Cooling 6

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Where is CFD used? (Biomedical) Where is CFD used? (Chemical Processing)

• Where is CFD used? • Where is CFD used?

– Aerospace – Aerospace
– Appliances – Appliances
– Automotive – Automotive
– Biomedical – Biomedical Polymerization reactor vessel - prediction
of flow separation and residence time
– Chemical Processing Medtronic Blood Pump – Chemical Processing effects.
– HVAC&R – HVAC&R
– Hydraulics – Hydraulics
– Marine – Marine
– Oil & Gas – Oil & Gas
– Power Generation Temperature and natural
– Power Generation Twin-screw extruder
convection currents in the eye modeling
– Sports following laser heating.
– Sports
Shear rate distribution in twin-
Spinal Catheter screw extruder simulation
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Where is CFD used? (HVAC&R) Where is CFD used? (Hydraulics)

• Where is CFD used? • Where is CFD used?

– Aerospace – Aerospace
– Appliances – Appliances
– Automotive – Automotive
Particle traces of copier VOC emissions
– Biomedical colored by concentration level fall – Biomedical
behind the copier and then circulate
– Chemical Processing Streamlines for workstation
ventilation through the room before exiting the – Chemical Processing
exhaust.
– HVAC&R – HVAC&R
– Hydraulics – Hydraulics
– Marine – Marine
– Oil & Gas – Oil & Gas
– Power Generation – Power Generation
– Sports – Sports
Flow pathlines colored by
pressure quantify head loss
Mean age of air contours indicate
in ductwork 9 10
location of fresh supply air

Where is CFD used? (Marine) Where is CFD used? (Oil & Gas)

• Where is CFD used? • Where is CFD used?

– Aerospace – Aerospace
– Appliances – Appliances Volume fraction of gas

– Automotive – Automotive
– Biomedical – Biomedical
– Chemical Processing – Chemical Processing Flow vectors and pressure Volume fraction of oil
distribution on an offshore oil rig
– HVAC&R – HVAC&R
– Hydraulics – Hydraulics
– Marine – Marine Volume fraction of water

– Oil & Gas – Oil & Gas Analysis of multiphase

separator
– Power Generation – Power Generation
– Sports – Sports
Flow of lubricating
11 mud over drill bit 12

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 10/11/2019

Where is CFD used? (Power Generation) Where is CFD used? (Sports)

• Where is CFD used? • Where is CFD used?

– Aerospace – Aerospace
– Appliances – Appliances
– Automotive – Automotive
– Biomedical – Biomedical
– Chemical Processing Flow around cooling Flow in a – Chemical Processing
towers burner
– HVAC&R – HVAC&R
– Hydraulics – Hydraulics
– Marine – Marine
– Oil & Gas – Oil & Gas
– Power Generation – Power Generation
– Sports – Sports
Pathlines from the inlet
Flow pattern through a water colored by temperature
turbine. during standard 13 14
operating conditions

Physics Physics
• CFD codes typically designed for representation of Fluid Mechanics

specific flow phenomenon

– Viscous vs. inviscid (no viscous forces) (Re) Inviscid Viscous
– Turbulent vs. laminar (Re)
– Incompressible vs. compressible (Ma) Laminar Turbulence
– Single- vs. multi-phase (Ca)
– Thermal/density effects and energy equation (Pr, γ, Gr, Ec)
– Free-surface flow and surface tension (Fr, We) Internal External
Compressible Incompressible (airfoil, ship)
– Chemical reactions, mass transfer (pipe,valve)
(air, acoustic) (water)
– etc…

Components of Fluid Mechanics

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