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Internet of Things in Higher Education: Mobile Based Learning Structure

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 Internet of Things in Higher Education:
Mobile Based Learning Structure

Mohamed Abdirahman Addow Abdilkadir Hussein Elmi Mohamed Liban Isak

Faculty of Computing,
Faculty of Computing, Faculty of Computing,
SIMAD UNIVERSITY
SIMAD UNIVERSITY SIMAD UNIVERSITY
Jidka Warshaddaha
Jidka Warshaddaha Jidka Warshaddaha
630 Mogadishu, Benaadir, Somalia
630 Mogadishu, Benaadir, Somalia 630 Mogadishu, Benaadir, Somalia
Dhaqane@simad.edu.so
Xayaysi2015.student@simad.edu.so akram10.student@simad.edu.so

Abstract -With the rapid development of the mobile technology, mobile learning has been widely used
around the world. Internet of Things (IoT) continues to confirm its important position in the context
of Information and Communication Technologies and the development of society. Through using the
technology of Internet of things, analyzing the relevant learning theory, aiming at the problems of
learning and combining with unique advantages of the mobile learning theory can develop an
environment which traditional teaching-learning process in higher education turns into digital
education. The purpose of this study is to find out the potential of Mobile learning together with IoT
in higher education, constructing a mobile learning model to improve the effect of mobile learning for
learners and meet their needs of exchange and cooperation with personalized learning.
Keywords: Internet of things, Mobile learning model, RFID, Sensor.

1. INTRODUCATION

Internet of Things (IoT) is network of physical
devices vehicles, home appliances, and other
items embedded with electronics, software’s
and connectivity which enables these things to
connect and exchange data. IoT technologies
are not similar from old wireless technology as
they are ubiquitous, and emphasize solutions to
be intelligent and autonomous. IoT is
developing rapidly and becoming expand
growing topic that creates happiness and
anxiety all of the world. The IoT is a global
physical network which connects devices,
objects and things to the Internet infrastructure
to communicate or interact with the internal and
the external environment.
Mobile learning is to classify what is special
about mobile learning rather than other types of
learning activity. The obvious, still important,
variance is that it begins from the assumption
that learners are continually on the move.
We learn through space as we take opinions and
learning resources held in one location and
apply or develop them in another. We learn
across time, by researching knowledge that was
learnt earlier in a various context, and more
reliable, through ideas and strategies gained in
early years providing a framework for a
lifetime of learning. We move from topic to
another, managing the number of personal
learning projects, rather than following a single
curriculum. Mobile learning must therefore
enable the acceptable learning that occurs
outside offices, classrooms and lecture halls.
In general higher education institutions, and
universities in particular, can work across
disciplines and lead the enhancement of the IoT
technologies, business models, ethics, and
leaders of the IoT can make future expand.
For instance, university lecturer of computer
science and engineering are directing IoT labs
for the development of IoT technologies.
Furthermore, Informatics College can teach
how to leverage the sizes of IoT data, with
TIPPSS. Also, they can work with business
colleges to set and design IoT courses to create
new business models. Medical colleges can
empower the Internet of Medical Things as well
as, Law colleges can teach IoT ethics, privacy,
and policy. According to Zebra technologies, as
higher education institutions commence to
develop and leverage solutions such as radio
frequency identification (RFID) and cloud
computing through IoT technologies, they will
be able to analyze and manage big Data.
2. IOT Components
IoT (Internet of Things) one of the most exiting
trends and innovation in the recent history of
technological advancement. Here are the list of
some important elements of IoT.
a) Hardware: constitutes of various
sensors, actuators, embedded devices
and other communication devices.
b) Middleware: constitutes of various
tools used for on demand storage of
data collected by sensor devices and
processed by embedded devices and
various computing tools used for data
analytics.
c) User End Visualization: consists of
various data visualization and
interpretation tools which can be
accessed on various diverse platforms
which aids the end user to keep a track
of various events driven by those data
collected by various sensory
hardware’s. We have highlighted few
breakthrough and enabling
technologies in the above mentioned
categories which will provide a clear
conscience for the three components
listed above.
d) Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):
The advances in low power integrated
circuits and wireless communications
has made it a possibility of making
available efficient, low cost, low
power miniature devices for use in
remote sensing applications. These
factors has improved the viability and
feasibility of utilizing a sensor network
consisting of a large number of
intelligent sensors, enabling the
collection, processing, analysis and
dissemination of valuable information,
gathered in a variety of
environments[14]. The data collected
by various sensor nodes are sent to
either distributed systems or
centralized systems (based on need)
for further processing and analysis that
helps in various decision making
processes and for automation
processes decision making. The
breakthrough advances achieved in
optimizing hardware components to a
greater extent has increased the life
time of sensor nodes with optimization
at hardware level and at protocol level.
e) Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID): A major breakthrough
advancement in the embedded
communication paradigm which
enables design of microchips for
wireless data communication. They
help us in automatic identification of
anything they are attached to acting as
an electronic barcode that can be used
in various IoT based applications.
There are two types of RFID tags:
Active Tags and Passive Tags. passive
RFID tags are not battery powered and
they use the power of the reader‘s
interrogation signal to communicate
the ID to the RFID reader. This has
resulted in many applications

particularly in retail and supply chain
management. The applications can be
found in transportation (replacement
of tickets, registration stickers) and
access control applications as well.
The passive tags are currently being
used in many bank cards and road toll
tags which is among the first global
deployments. Active RFID readers
have their own battery supply and can
instantiate the communication of the
several applications, the main
application of active RFID tags is in
port containers for monitoring cargo.
As PDAs have wireless communication
capability and some computing functionalities
(LEUNG and CHAN., 2003) and they were
potential participants for many mobile learning
related projects, e.g., the Hiroaki Ogata et al
projects- CLUE (2003), TANGO (2004) and
LOCH (2005). For many years, they have been
the potential handheld devices for teachers and
students to perform various learning activities
such as take notes, making a calculation, sketch
ideas, collect data, and access resources
(Jeanne Scherer’s., 2006). However, today’s
mobile learning devices have switched to a
more powerful devices with wider screen size
such as tablets, iPad and Notebook.
According to (Shih, Kuo and Liu., 2012), they
used tablets in their adaptive ubiquitous
learning in Campus Math Path project and the
reason they used was that “problem solving
process of math items are hard to write down
by small mobile devices such as PDAs or
mobile phones”. So the tablet provides a wide
space that students can solve the problem with
their handwriting. Also (Shih, Kuo and Liu.
2012) stated that for previous mobile learning
projects, the tablets were rarely used because
they were new and not well-known and their
price are so high.
Hardw
are
WSN IoT RFID
Middle
ware
Figure 1. IoT Components
3. Communication Technology
Mobile learning environment has been partially
driven by the advancement in the wireless
communication area. Learning is no longer
restricted to a fixed location as wireless devices
allow learners to access learning contents
anywhere/anytime. The location awareness
component can also be integrated to further
improve the addictiveness of such learning
facility. In general, location based
communication can be categorized into two
major types: Outdoor and Indoor Location
Based (LB) tracking (Hsiao teal. 2010). The
well-known technologies involved in the
outdoor tracking include Global System for
Mobile (GSM) communications which relies
on digital cellular communication and Global
Positioning System (GPS) which relies on
broadcasted signal from satellites orbiting the
earth to identify the geographical location of
the GPS receiver. On the other hand, the
popular indoor tracking technology uses Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) which
provides real-time wireless communication to
track between objects and readers through the
use of tags (Schneider. 2003). Wi-Fi
technology has also been used to provide
effective indoor location tracking.
4. Internet of Things on Higher Education
The IoT will affect every side of society at
some point in the near future. Higher education
institutions in general, and universities in
particular, can work across disciplines and lead
the progress of the IoT technologies, business
models, ethics, and leaders of the IoT enabled
economy of the future. For instance, university
instructor of computer science and engineering
are directing IoT labs for the development of
IoT technologies. In addition, Informatics
College can teach how to leverage the sizes of
IoT data, with (Trust, Identity, Privacy,
Protection, Safety and Security) TIPPSS. Also,
they can work with business colleges to set and
design IoT courses to create new business
models. Medical colleges can empower the
Internet of Medical Things as well as, Law
colleges can teach IoT ethics, privacy, and
policy.
Many higher education institutions commence
to develop and leverage solutions such as radio
frequency identification (RFID) and cloud
computing through IoT technologies, they will
be able to analyze and manage big Data. The
IoT can not a technology update and increasing
within the industry, but can lead to expand the
change to the whole society including higher
education institutions. IoT will lead the change
and redesign the higher education institutions.
IoT will lead to changes in educational
technology, reform the education, change in
teaching, change in learning, management of
change, experimental and practical changes,
changes in campus, teaching resources changes
and others.
With the development of IoT, the involvement
application in higher education focuses on three
aspects: students' progressive evaluation and
outcomes, integration of current teaching
platforms and development of educational
problems. This change provides much comfort
for students and makes teaching more effective
for teachers. The flow of connected devices and
technology means that teachers and university
professors can focus on actual learning that is
most useful to students rather than doing the
routine task.
In addition, IoT has the way to increase the
learning experience by providing for real-time
and make action insights into student
performance. Recent days, students particularly
in university are gradually moving away from
textbooks to new technologies such as tablets
and laptops. The advanced e-learning
applications allow students to learn at their own
pace and have an identical learning experience
in classrooms and homes, which rises
progression and satisfaction rates as well as
instructors can deliver side-to-side instruction
and persistent student assessments. Moreover,
through IoT technology, professors can collect
data about students’ performance and then find
which ones need more care and attention. This
data analysis also helps instructors accurately
change plans and methods for future classes.
IOT in education describes how location-based
technology can be augmented to typical mobile
learning devices to form a more effective
teaching-learning platform enforcing the
concept of reusable learning objects,
accessibility and interoperability of the
learning contents. In addition, students’
responses from the in-class assessment tests are
stored for statistical analysis. Immediately after
the students solved the problems, teacher is
presented with visual display of data indicating
individual learners’ perception level on the
learned materials.
Such timely feedback would allow teachers to
adjust their teaching styles to best suit current
learning activities. The same dataset is further
analyzed and used to adjust learning objects,
according to student’s learning ability, for the
next learning session, thus, enforcing the
learning adaptability of the platform.IoT is
forward-looking technologies allow
universities to create reliable educational
spaces with integrated virtual and reality
environments for smart learning; while
minimizing costs and promoting productivity at
the same time. The sophisticated facilities help
foster both students’ learning experience and
faculty’s teaching experience. In addition, by
being connected to the universities’
infrastructure, students and stakeholders are
able to a lot plan and more efficiently use
university space. Internet of things is expect to
impact various areas of life including smart
homes smart campus and more. It is used for
scenarios in the smart city problems.
Is apparent where many applications are
becoming under fast development.
5. Methodology
The proposed model is a long-term and hard
task, we must develop a practicable design to
achieve these objectives. The system
architecture of Model is shown in Fig. 5.1. The
system architecture of our Model project in a
higher education environment is divided into
the following five parts. Each part should be
complementary to each other to achieve the
integrity and unity of the system.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure provides basic supporting
environment for the entire Campus. It includes
campus network, server host, storage devices,
security products, operating environment of
application systems and
Supporting Platform
Basic supporting services platform is working
as a support platform of application layer of
Digital Campus. It adopts modular, service-
oriented design idea. Providing
Authentication Platform
The mode of independent certification,
independent authority, and independent
account management of the existing systems in
university could not meet the current and future
requirements of development of information
technology on campus. Thus, building a
unified, higher efficiency and stability,
centralized authentication and management
platform is strongly required in information
development in university. Unified
authentication platform solves the challenges
of security and management of access control,
identity management, unified authorization,
security audit in university.
Figure 5.1: Model Architecture of digital
campus.
Data Exchange Platform
Data exchange platform sets up data exchange
channel for information systems which belongs
to different administration in the higher
education through the construction of data
centers. This platform is to achieve automatic
or manual exchange data that has the same
meaning in different applications and to solve
the heterogeneous. Data challenges of
integration and management. Enable data
sharing between application systems through
unified data exchange solution to establish the
unique and authoritative global database in
higher education to provide tactical and
strategic decision support service for higher
education leaders.
Information Systems in University
Information systems in university provide all
kinds of services for teachers and students.
Besides include management systems,
Academic Management Systems, Education
Management Systems and other extra common
business systems.
University OCMS Portal
University OCMS Portal achieves the
interaction process between Digital Campus
platforms with users. Portal platform is to solve
the challenges of unified providing, unified
showing and unified aggregation of
information of university. It aggregates the
distributed, heterogeneous resources of
applications and information, achieves
seamless access to applications and integrated
systems through a unified access portal, and
provides an integrated collaboration
environment for supporting information access,
information transmission, and information
collaboration. Based on characteristics and
preferences of each user and different roles, it
could provide individual application interface
for different users to access data related to
them.
Maintenance and Supporting System
This services include system monitoring,
system management, maintenance services and
so on. It is the important support system to
protect the safe and reliable operation of
campus information system.
Software Error Handling Systems
This service manages all installed software and
monitor if all applications are working
properly.
6. Higher Education and IOT Interaction
The relationship between education and
technology has been long and complex. Tools
that assist students in activating and deploying
information, that mediate the methods and
modes of transforming that information into
knowledge, have been at the heart of sound
pedagogic praxis. Having the right equipment
that helps open up pathways for student
activity, assists in the processing and
mobilization of ideas, and connects those ideas
with the contexts that surround them to form
the basis of the teaching and learning
environment. Below, we will see the break-
down of educational technology resources that
both teacher and student can use while they are
on duty.
Figure 6.1: Teacher and Student Relationship
The devices that is used in mobile learning for
example mobile phones and RFID also you can
use tablets. Students and teachers can interact
by using with those devices. In application
layer represents the process that students and
teacher pass through using their mobile
devices. In application layer there are
admission, faculty, and exam process. Each of
that process is briefly discussed below. Campus
repository (CR) is responsible for storing the
students’ evaluation results and the individual
Performance.
And its third part of figure. That kept all
interaction that happen during mobile learning
process.
7. Conclusion and future work
This research enforces an idea of higher
education adapting the vast development of
technology. Mobile learning based on Internet
of things is an extension of traditional mobile
learning and will be a good development
prospect, which can make learning come into
real life. This paper constructs the mobile
learning model based on the Internet of things,
which provides a convenient and effective
learning platform for the mobile learners.
Taking learning experience of the mobile
learners as the center and providing wireless
communication, abundant learning resources,
effective exchange and collaboration, the
model improves the effect of mobile learning
for the learners to a great extent and meets the
learners' needs of the personalized learning.
Smart learning environment is not simply about
the application of technology, but more
significantly enables the fusion of pedagogy
and technology to create an ecosystem in which
educators and learners are able to interact more
efficiently and flexibly. The paper further
discusses the need for pedagogical innovations
to support smart learning as well as emerging
technologies that offer endless learning
opportunities. The future research lies on
making smart and adaptive learning
environment simply utilizing about the
application of technology, but more
significantly enables the fusion of pedagogy
and technology to create an ecosystem in which
educators and learners are able to interact more
efficiently and flexibly. The paper further
discusses the need for pedagogical innovations
to support smart learning as well as emerging
technologies that offer endless learning
opportunities. The extension of the current
research works could lies upon the
implementation of the entire proposed model.
But constructing this project is a long-term and
arduous task that requires strong measures to
ensure overall planning, gradual
implementation to fulfill Digital Campus
better.
Journal of Communication Systems, 25(9),
1230-1241.
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aware support for computer-supported
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[5] Ogata, H., Hui, G. L., Yin, C., Ueda, T.,
Oishi, Y., & Yano, Y. (2008). LOCH:
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classrooms. International Journal of Mobile
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[6] Schneider, M. (2004). Radio frequency
identification (RFID) technology and its
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Reference

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 Mohamed Abdirahman Addow
joined faculty of Computing at
SIMAD University in 2009. He
received his Master’s Degree in
2015 from the School of
Technology at Shinawatra
International University (SIU),
Thailand. My recent works based
on Mobile Learning has focused
on the theory of Adaptivity in
instructional materials and
adaptive instructional platforms.
My research interests are in the
area of Computer Adaptivity,
Multimedia and Mobile
Computing. I am also interested in
the area of Cloud Computing and
Virtualization.
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Abdilkadir Hussein Elmi joined
faculty of computing at SIMAD
University in 2015. He received
secondary certificate SYL
School, Mogadishu-Somalia.
Now I am learning bachelor of
Information Technology at
SIMAD University, Mogadishu-
Somalia. My currently research
is area of internet of things in
higher education. I am also
interested to learn in my master
level area of Information
security.
Mohamed Liban Isak
joined faculty of computing
at SIMAD university in
2015 . he received secodary
certificate at AL-
MA,MUUN school.
Moqdisho-somalia. Now I
am studying bachelor of
information technology at
SIMAD university, my
currently research about
internet of things and
mobile learning in higher
education. And also like in
the area of computer
artichecture.