Assignment 4 Name: Kazi Safowan Shahed

IE 501

In class today we spoke about the process of developing a journal article and the importance of
being able to critically evaluate the literature to help identify a gap or void in the
literature that you might fill with you own work. To sharpen these critical evaluation
tools: 1) identify a journal article from an IMSE faculty member (maybe your major
professor) 2) read the article, and 3) create an outline of the journal article using the
format below. I have provided the sentence limits I want you to follow in parentheses
after each item. Answer each of the questions below and post to Canvas by 4:25 on
February 24.

I. Introduction
A. Broad background/motivation (one sentence)
B. Previous work
a. Findings (distill to no more than three sentences)
b. Limitations of previous works (one sentence)
C. Statement of objectives (one sentence)

A. Ability to identify the candidate manufacturing processes during the design stage can
save cost by reducing the need to change the design later when a manufacturing
process is no longer suitable for that part.
B.
a. When a detail design is made, it becomes specific to a particular process. A
vast majority of the parts used regularly are either made by machining or
casting process. While machining is more suitable for part with straight
faces, casting suits curved surfaces better.
b. Previous studies mostly talked about selection of manufacturing based on
material and production quantity, but the data-driven approach to select a
manufacturing based on design analysis has not been done before.
C. The objective of this study is to build an algorithm that can choose manufacturing
process for a part by analyzing different manufacturing metrics.
II. Methods
A. How to accomplish these objectives (no more than five sentences)
Individual parts will be categorized based on three metrics which are
aggregate geometry, slice-based machining metrics, and facet-based
orientation metrics. These metrices along with a manufacturing technique
classification will be given as input to machine learning algorithms to train
them. This machine learning algorithm will then give prediction about the
classification of a new design which will in help to select manufacturing
process.

III. Results (not more three sentences stating your impression of the most important
results)

Several classifier algorithms were used, out of which the random forest method
showed the highest amount of accuracy. Many algorithms got confused by the
topology of the surfaces and misclassified several items.
IV. Discussion

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 A. Specific results (two sentences: which results do the author(s) think are most
important?)
B. How they relate to previous studies (three sentences showing how the authors
link their results to previous studies)
C. Limitations of work (what were the cited limitations (if any))

A. This is the pioneering work which uses machine learning and manufacturing-
based metrices in automatically classifying a part for the manufacturing
process. This will automate the process of selecting manufacturing technique
by reducing the requirement of user input during the design phase.

B. The previous works relied upon human expert judgment and manufacturing
quantity and material to decide the manufacturing process. They primarily
considered material and the production quantity as the selection criteria. This
paper can help to do the same but at an earlier stage which can save a lot of
cost by inhibiting design change in the later part of the product cycle.

V. Conclusions (one summary sentence stating the overall importance of the work)

This work has the potential to improve the selection of manufacturing process by
combining it with the prior methods of using production quantity and material as
selection criteria.

VI. Please provide full bibliographic reference for your article.

[1] Boothroyd, G., 1994, “Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly,” Comp. Aided
Des., 26(7), pp. 505–520.
[2] Lovatt, A., and Shercliff, H., 1998, “Manufacturing Process Selection in Engi-
neering Design—Part 1: The Role of Process Selection,” Mater. Des., 19(5–6), pp. 205–
215.
[3] Pahl, G., Beitz, W., Feldhusen, J., and Grote, K., 2007, Engineering Design: A
Systematic Approach, Springer-Verlag, London.
[4] Corbett, J., and Crookall, P. R., 1986, “Design for Economic Manufacture,” CIRP
Ann. Manuf. Technol., 35(1), pp. 93–97.
[5] Wetzel, S., 2014, “When to Cast, When to Machine,” Met. Casting Des. Pur- chasing,
Sept./Oct., pp. 29–32.
[6] Ip, C., and Regli, W., 2006, “A 3D Object Classifier for Discriminating Manu-
facturing Processes,” Comput. Graph. (Pergamon), 30(6), pp. 903–916.
[7] Swift, K., and Booker, J., 2013, Manufacturing Process Selection Handbook, Elsevier,
Waltham, MA.
[8] Gupta, S., Regli, W., Das, D., and Nau, D., 1997, “Automated Manufacturabil- ity
Analysis: A Survey,” Res. Eng. Des., 9(3), pp. 168–190.
[9] Esawi, A., and Ashby, M., 2000, “The Development and Use of a Software Tool for
Selecting Manufacturing Processes at the Early Stages of Design,” J. Integr. Des. Process
Sci., 4(2), pp. 27–43.
[10] Hummel, K., 1989, “Coupling Rule-Based and Object-Oriented Programming for
the Classification of Machined Features,” ASME Computers in Engineering Conference,
Anaheim, CA, Aug. 2, pp. 409–418.
[11] Nau, D., 1987, “Automated Process Planning Using Hierarchical Abstraction,”
Texas Inst. Tech. J., Winter, 1, pp. 39–46.

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 [12] Giachetti, R., 1998, “A Decision Support System for Material and Manufactur- ing
Process Selection,” J. Intell. Manuf., 9(3), pp. 265–276.
[13] Yurdakul, M., Arslan, E., Ic, Y., and Tuerkbas, O., 2014, “A Decision Support
System for Selection of Net-Shape Primary Manufacturing Process,” Int. J. Prod. Res.,
52(5), pp. 1528–1541.
[14] Zha, X., 2005, “A Web-Based Advisory System for Process and Material Selec- tion
in Concurrent Product Design for a Manufacturing Environment,” Int. J. Adv. Manuf.
Technol., 25(3–4), pp. 233–243.
[15] Giess, M., McMahon, C., Booker, J., and Stewart, D., 2009, “Application of Faceted
Classification in the Support of Manufacturing Process Selection,” Proc. Inst. Mech.
Eng., Part B: J. Eng. Manuf., 223(6), pp. 597–608.
[16] Smith, C., Wright, P., and S?equin, C., 2003, “The Manufacturing Advisory Service:
Web-Based Process and Material Selection,” Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf., 16(6), pp.
373–381.
[17] Djassemi, M., 2009, “A Computer-Based Economic Analysis for Manufactur- ing
Process Selection,” Int. J. Agile Manuf., 11(1), pp. 11–18.
[18] Esawi, A., and Ashby, M., 2003, “Cost Estimates to Guide Pre-Selection of
Processes,” Mater. Des., 24(8), pp. 605–616.
[19] Lee, C., 1992, “A Knowledge-Based Systems Approach for Manufacturing Pro- cess
Selection in Design,” Ph.D. dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
[20] Allen, A., and Swift, K., 1990, “Manufacturing Process Selection and Costing,”
Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B: J. Eng. Manuf., 204(143), pp. 143–148.
[21] Loyer, J., Henriques, E., Fontul, M., and Wiseall, S., 2016, “Comparison of Machine
Learning Methods Applied to the Estimation of Manufacturing Cost of Jet Engine
Components,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., 178, pp. 109–119.
[22] Lovatt, A., and Shercliff, H., 1998, “Manufacturing Process Selection in Engi-
neering Design—Part 2: A Methodology for Creating Task-Based Process Selection
Procedures,” Mater. Des., 19(5–6), pp. 217–230.
[23] Lovatt, A., Bassetti, D., Shercliff, H., and Br?echet, Y., 2000, “Process and Alloy
Selection for Aluminium Casting,” Int. J. Cast Met. Res., 12(4), pp. 211–225.
[24] Thompson, M., Stolfi, A., and Mischkot, M., 2016, “Process Chain Modeling and
Selection in an Additive Manufacturing Context,” CIRP J. Manuf. Sci. Technol., 12, pp.
25–34.
[25] Musti, S., 1988, “"Automated Group Technology Part Coding From a Three-
Dimensional CAD Database,” ASME J. Eng. Ind., 110(3), pp. 278–287.
[26] Zehtaban, L., Elazhary, O., and Roller, D., 2016, “A Framework for Similarity
Recognition of CAD Models,” J. Comput. Des. Eng., 3(3), pp. 274–285.
[27] Biasotti, S., Cerri, A., Bronstein, A., and Bronstein, M., 2016, “Recent Trends,
Applications, and Perspectives in 3D Shape Similarity Assessment,” Comput. Graph.
Forum, 35(6), pp. 87–119.
[28] Iyer, N., Jayanti, S., Lou, K., Kalyanaraman, Y., and Ramani, K., 2005, “Three-
Dimensional Shape Searching: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Trends,” Comput.
Aided Des., 37(5), pp. 509–530.
[29] Chen, X., Gao, S., Guo, S., and Bai, J., 2012, “A Flexible Assembly Retrieval
Approach for Model Reuse,” Comput. Aided Des., 44(6), pp. 554–574.
[30] Deshmukh, A., Banerjee, A., Gupta, S., and Sriram, R., 2008, “Content-Based
Assembly Search: A Step Towards Assembly Reuse,” Comput. Aided Des., 40(2), pp.
244–261.
[31] Deshmukh, A., Gupta, S., Karnik, M., and Sriram, R., 2005, “A System for Per-
forming Content-Based Searches on a Database of Mechanical Assemblies,” Des. Eng.,
Parts A and B, 2005, pp. 411–423.

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 [32] Liu, Z., Bu, S., Zhou, K., Gao, S., Han, J., and Wu, J., 2013, “A Survey on Par- tial
Retrieval of 3D Shapes,” J. Comput. Sci. Technol., 28(5), pp. 836–851.
[33] Bai, J., Luo, H., and Qin, F., 2016, “Design Pattern Modeling and Extraction for
CAD Models,” Adv. Eng. Software, 93, pp. 30–43.
[34] Kim, D., Yun, I. D., and Uk Lee, S., 2004, “Interactive 3-D Shape Retrieval System
Using the Attributed Relational Graph,” IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and
Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW), Washington, DC, June 27–July 2, p. 147.
[35] Gao, W., Gao, S., Liu, Y., Bai, J., and Hu, B., 2006, “Multiresolutional Similar- ity
Assessment and Retrieval of Solid Models Based on DBMS,” Comput. Aided Des.,
38(9), pp. 985–1001.
[36] Pu, J., Kalyanaraman, Y., Jayanti, S., Ramani, K., and Pizlo, Z., 2007, “Navigation
and Discovery in 3D CAD Repositories,” IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 27(4), pp. 38–47.
[37] Qin, F., 2014, “A Deep Learning Approach to the Classification of 3D CAD
Models,” J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. C: Comput. Electron., 15(2), pp. 91–106.
[38] Chakraborty, T., 2005, “Shape-Based Clustering of Enterprise CAD Data- bases,”
Comput. Aided Des. Appl., 2(1–4), pp. 145–154.
[39] Jayanti, S., Kalyanaraman, Y., and Ramani, K., 2009, “Shape-Based Clustering for
3D CAD Objects: A Comparative Study of Effectiveness,” Comput. Aided Des., 41(12),
pp. 999–1007.
[40] Bespalov, D., Ip, C., Regli, W., and Shaffer, J., 2005, “Benchmarking CAD Search
Techniques,” ACM Symposium on Solid and Physical Modeling (SPM), Cambridge,
MA, June 13–15, pp. 275–286.
[41] Peabody, M., and Regli, W., 2001, “Clustering Techniques for Databases of CAD
Models,” Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, Technical Report No. DU- MCS-01-01.
[42] Bespalov, D., Shokoufandeh, A., Regli, W., and Sun, W., 2003, “Scale-Space
Representation of 3D Models and Topological Matching,” Eighth ACM Sym- posium on
Solid Modeling and Applications, pp. 208–215.
[43] Al-Mubaid, H., Abouel Nasr, E., and Kamrani, A., 2008, “Using Data Mining in the
Manufacturing Systems for CAD Model Analysis and Classification,” Int. J. Agile Syst.
Manage., 3(1/2), pp. 147–162.
[44] Regli, W. C., Foster, C., Hayes, E., Ip, C. Y., McWherter, D., Peabody, M.,
Shapirsteyn, Y., and Zaychik, V., 2001, “National Design Repository Project: A Status
Report,” International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Seattle, WA,
Aug. 4–10.
[45] Hoefer, M., Chen, N., and Frank, M., 2017, “Automated Manufacturability Analysis
for Conceptual Design in New Product Development,” Industrial and Systems
Engineering Research Conference (ISERC), Pittsburgh, PA, May 20–23, pp. 860–865.
[46] Frank, M., Wysk, R., and Joshi, S., 2006, “Determining Setup Orientations From the
Visibility of Slice Geometry for Rapid Computer Numerically Con- trolled Machining,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 128(1), pp. 228–238.
[47] Arabia, S., 2008, “The Relationship Between Tool Length/Diameter Radio and
Surface Roughness in End Milling Applications,” International Congress on Sound and
Vibration (ICSV), Daejeon, Korea, July 6–10, pp. 1382–1389.
[48] Chay, J., Jackman, J., Frank, M., and Peters, F., 2017, “A New Metric for Eval-
uating Machinability of a Design,” Industrial and Systems Engineering Research
Conference (ISERC), Pittsburgh, PA, May 20–23, pp. 1840–1845.
[49] Li, Y., and Frank, M., 2006, “Machinability Analysis for 3-Axis Flat End Mill- ing,”
ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 128(2), pp. 454–464.
[50] Hoefer, M., Frank, M., and Dorneich, M., 2017, “Geometric Analysis to Auto- mate
Design for Supply Chain,” Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference
(ISERC), Pittsburgh, PA, May 20–23, pp. 866–871.

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 [51] Venables, W., and Ripley, B., 2002, Modern Applied Statistics With S, 4th ed.,
Springer, New York.
[52] Therneau, T., Atkinson, B., and Ripley, B., 2015, “RPART: Recursive Parti- tioning
and Regression Trees,” R package version 4.1-10, https://CRAN.R-pro-
ject.org/package=rpart
[53] Liaw, A., and Wiener, M., 2002, “Classification and Regression by random- Forest,”
R News, 2(3), pp. 18–22.
[54] Breiman, L., 2001, “Random Forests,” Mach. Learn., 45(1), pp. 5–32.

Compare the abstract of the journal article with the sentences that you have created from I-V
above.

Abstract form Paper My sentences

This paper presents a method for
automated manufacturing process
selection during con- ceptual design. It is
helpful to know which manufacturing
processes can produce a design at an early
stage, when the overall design can be
changed for less cost. Early during new
product development, geometric
dimensions and tolerances may not yet be
specified, but a general three-dimensional
(3D) model is often under development.
In this work, algo- rithms are presented to
interrogate 3D models to calculate
machining-based manufactur- ability
metrics. These algorithms are used on a
dataset of 86 computer-aided design
(CAD) models classified as machined or
cast-then-machined. The metrics, such as
visibil- ity, reachability, and setup
orientations, seek to characterize a part’s
manufacturability using machining
domain knowledge. These metrics serve
as inputs to machine learning models,
which are used to classify parts by
manufacturing process with 86%
accuracy. Some ofthe incorrectly
classified parts were instances that had
robust designs capable of being
manufactured using machining or casting.
The results of the machine learning
models indicate that the machining
metrics can be used to provide process
selection feed- back during conceptual
design
Ability to identify the candidate
manufacturing processes during the
design stage can save cost by reducing the
need to change the design later when a
manufacturing process is no longer
suitable for that part. When a detail design
is made, it becomes specific to a particular
process. A vast majority of the parts used
regularly are either made by machining or
casting process. While machining is more
suitable for part with straight faces,
casting suits curved surfaces better.
Previous studies mostly talked about
selection of manufacturing based on
material and production quantity, but the
data-driven approach to select a
manufacturing based on design analysis
has not been done before. Individual parts
will be categorized based on three metrics
which are aggregate geometry, slice-based
machining metrics, and facet-based
orientation metrics. These metrices along
with a manufacturing technique
classification will be given as input to
machine learning algorithms to train them.
This machine learning algorithm will then
give prediction about the classification of
a new design which will in help to select
manufacturing process. Several classifier
algorithms were used, out of which the

Spring 2021
 random forest method showed the highest
amount of accuracy. Many algorithms got
confused by the topology of the surfaces
and misclassified several items. This is the
pioneering work which uses machine
learning and manufacturing- based
metrices in automatically classifying a
part for the manufacturing process. This
will automate the process of selecting
manufacturing technique by reducing the
requirement of user input during the
design phase. The previous works relied
upon human expert judgment and
manufacturing quantity and material to
decide the manufacturing process. They
primarily considered material and the
production quantity as the selection
criteria. This paper can help to do the
same but at an earlier stage which can
save a lot of cost by inhibiting design
change in the later part of the product
cycle. This work has the potential to
improve the selection of manufacturing
process by combining it with the prior
methods of using production quantity and
material as selection criteria.

Spring 2021