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1. Scope 4.2 This test method provides a procedure for measuring the
1.1 This test method establishes the requirements for the twist in square and rectangular copper and copper alloy tubes
determination of the angle of twist in rectangular and square as a measure of the deviation from straightness.
copper and copper alloy tube. 4.3 This test method allows the purchaser and supplier or
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded manufacturer to inspect square and rectangular copper and
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this copper alloy tube with a standard technique that provides
standard. acceptable twist in delivered tubes.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5.1 Horizontal Reference Plane (see Fig. 1 (a) and (b)) of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- sufficient length to support the tube specimen and a clamping
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. device to hold one end of the specimen against the reference
plane.
2. Referenced Documents 5.2 Transparent Plastic Protractor Segment engraved with
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 angle lines as shown in Fig. 1 (c).
B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys 5.3 Parallel Face Blocks.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B428 − 09 (2013)
FIG. 1 Horizontal Reference Plane (a), (b) and Transparent Plastic Protractor Segment (c)
total angle of twist by reading the degrees for that angle line 8.2 This test method has no bias because the values of twist
which most nearly coincide with the lower outside edge of the are a direct measurement based on the accuracy of the
tube end. In making this reading, keep the lower edge of the protractor and the observation of the operator.
protractor segment in contact with the reference plane or hold
it parallel to this plane by use of the parallel face blocks. 9. Keywords
7.4 The angle of twist per unit length is the total angle of 9.1 angle of twist; copper; copper alloy; rectangular tube;
twist for the specimen divided by its length and shall be square tube; twist
calculated according to the units required by the product
specification.
8. Precision and Bias
8.1 This test method is unaffected by edgewise curvature of
the specimen, and the precision for measurement of total angle
of twist is 60.5°.
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B428 − 09 (2013)
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