LAW, BOOK 2

8.Nuisance
allegation – a formal accusation against someone.
alternative – the opportunity to choose between two or more options.
entitlement – the fact of having a right to something.
excessive noise – loudness that is beyond an accepted volume and bothersome.
injunctive relief = injunction – an official court order that stops a person or
company from doing something or forces them to do it.
interfere – prevent something from continuing or being carried out properly.
nuisance – anything that prevents private or public reasonable enjoyment of property
or place.
private – something that is set aside for use by certain individuals based on: place of
residence, fees paid, etc.
property – land or items owned by a person or group.
restitution – a solution to a problem that is accepted by all parties.
settlement request – a request that asks for the resolution of a dispute or law suit.
small claims court – a special court intended to handle small matters or debts
quickly.

9.Strict Liability
absolute liability – liability which defines complete responsibility for an act or for
harm resulting from a guilty or illegal act.
culpability – the state of being responsible or having blame for a criminal or
negligent act(to have fault).
damage – any loss or harm to a person or property as a result of an accident or
negligence.
demonstration of fault – clear indication about who is responsible.
good faith – honesty or sincerity of intention.
hazardous – dangerous.
legal responsibility = liability.
precaution – the care taken in advance to prevent harm or danger.
strict liability – liability which guarantees that the manufacturer or the party
responsible for causing injury is held responsible whether or not negligence can be
proved.
unsafe – something that can cause harm or damage.

10.Product Liability
class action suit – a suit against a company.
consumer protection laws – laws which protect consumers.
dangerous – something that can cause risk or harm.
defective – something that does not work as intended, due to an error or flaw.
distributor – an agent who supplies goods to retailers.
manufacturer – a person/company that makes goods for sales.
manufactured product / manufactured goods – products that have been made from
a raw material, esp as a large-scale operating using machinery.
product liability – the area of law that holds those who make products available to
consumers responsible for the safety of the products.
retailers – stores that sell products to consumers.

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 safety – the standard by which products are judged not to cause harm or loss.
supplier – a person/company/organization that sells or supplies goods.

11.Contracts
adhesion contract – a contract that unfairly favors one party over the another.
agreement of sale – a document that details the terms and conditions of the purchase
of goods or services.
bilateral contract – a contract in which both parties exchange promises to perform
certain things.
breach of contract – the act of one party breaking the terms of an agreement with
another party.
contract of employment – a legally binding agreement between an employer and
employee that sets the terms of the working relationship.
distribution agreement – a legal agreement between a supplier of goods and a
distributor of goods.
implied contract – a contract with terms that have not been explicitly stated or
written.
legal contract – an agreement between private parties creating mutual obligations
enforceable by law.
loan agreement – contract between a lender and a borrower.
requirements contract – a contract that exists between a supplier or manufacturer
and a buyer and requires the seller to sell all the particular products that the buyer
needs, and the buyer agrees to purchase the goods only from that supplier.
several contract – a contract comprised of several separate contracts so that the
breach of one does not necessarily mean the breach of the others.
unilateral contract – an agreement for one party to pay in exchange for the
performance or work of the other party.

12.Elements of a Valid Contract

acceptance – the agreement to follow the terms of the contract.
appointment – an agreement to meet at a certain place and time.
assent – to agree with what has been proposed.
binding – something (for example, a contract) that imposes an obligation or duty.
enforceable – able to be imposed, to put or keep in force.
exchange – to give something and receive something in return.
object – the purpose of the agreement of a contract.
offer – a detailed proposal by one party that, once accepted by the other party, creates
a contact between the two.
review – to look at/read and consider something carefully.
term – the period of time during which the contract is valid.
valid – legally binding / with legal force.

13.Types of Contract Litigation

arbitration – an out-of-court procedure for resolving disputes in which one or more
arbitrators hear evidence and make a decision.
back out – to leave the agreed-upon tasks of an agreement unfulfilled.
bad faith – an act that involves intentionally refusing to complete a contractual
obligation.
breach of fiduciary duty – a failure to act in the best interest of a party who believes
the relationship to be one of trust and good faith.

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 collect – to receive payment(damages or funds).
commitment – an agreement to meet an obligation.
contract litigation – the branch of law that resolves the disputes of parties who have
entered into a contract.
defend – to make an argument in defence of a claim or allegation.
failure – a lack of success in trying to do something.
fraud – wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal
gain.
recover – to be partially or fully reimbursed for a loss.
resolution – a solution to a problem that is accepted by all parties.

14.Professional Conduct
advocate – to speak or write about smn/smth in a supportive way.
competent representation – a lawyer’s ability to argue a client’s case well.
confidentiality – the spoken or written agreement to protect privacy.
conflict of interest – a situation in which one personal or professional duty conflicts
with another.
diligence – the state of being careful and giving a lot of attention to a matter.
fraudulent – obtained/done by/involving deception, especially criminal deception.
impartiality – equal treatment of all rivals or disputants; fairness.
integrity – the standard of moral and ethical principles.
misconduct – doing something wrong on purpose.
professional conduct – the actions and services expected from a professional in his
or her work.
reasonable fee – a fee for services which meets the accepted standards of charges for
a particular type of service.
transaction – the action of carrying out a professional agreement.

15.Attorney-Client Privilege
attorney-client privilege – the client’s right to keep all information shared with an
attorney private.
communication – any written or spoken exchange between parties.
confidential – held in strict privacy or secrecy, unable to be revealed.
consent – the voluntary agreement to someone’s proposition.
disclosure – the act of exposing or revealing information, usually documentary.
malpractice – failure to act correctly or legally when doing your job, often causing
injury or loss.
opposing party – the pary that represents the other side of a court case or dispute.
prevention – the act of stopping something from happening.
privileged status – the confidential status of communications or correspondence that
are protected from disclosure by law.
representation – the action of speaking or acting on behalf of someone.
reveal – to share or discuss something that was previously hidden or private.
waive – to give something up or disregard it willingly.

Phrasal Verbs
Module 1
back away - !"#"$%&'"( )*"( +",-."
back down - )*"( +"/!)(-/"; )"!%& 012"
back out - !"%2-& '"*-0-/%&"'"( 0".%& 3-*".-/"
back up - .%#"$%&0.%&/!"#"$%&0.%& 2,"!+"4-!"

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 back (sb) up – (.%#"$%&0.%&) 2,"!+"4-!"
break off - 5"6%0 +"36", +"!#.-."
call (sb) back - &"7-6-89(9 :"!%& +"/!)(-/", '"+"!-*."
call off - '-'2%&/"17%.9/%&/&"2)3"9& '")12-/"
carry on - '"'!5-6-/"
carry out - '"(,9!$%-6-/", &%&!)6-3% 29;."("
chip away - !"#"$%& 0"(+"0"(9/%0 2939!-/", <"36", '")12-/"
close down - 2)3"9/%& 3-<;.-7"
conduct - '"(,9!$%-6-/", &%&!)6-3% 29;."("
crash into - 3-=",-/", "."!%"
head for - '-:%& "#-/", *9(*!-7)6% 2%2"!0)6-/%0 <"&.6"
pull into - (7!"(&>9!7%&)'"+";-(-/"
rip apart - ("<%6-/"+ +"36"
roll across - :-+">%!:- !"#"$%& '"+""+'%6-/", '"'9!".-/"
slam into - 3-=",-/", 3-&*+92"
speed up - "?1"!-/"
sweep away - !"#"$%& &!)6-/%0 <"36", 2939!-/"
take off - <"!2"7-/%& 2%#<-."
wash away - <;6%+"( !"#"$%& '"29!%;."

Module 2
do (sth) over - ,-62-9!-+, '"(2-9!-/%0 ('")*-0-/"
do up - 3-*.!", +"2"'!-/"
drop by/in - &7)2!9/", &7)2!"+ 3-.6"
drop out - &"12%& 2%79.-/" 2%& +"&!)6-/"2+-
get across - !"#"$%& '"'-/%(-/", ",&("
get ahead - *"!%-!)6% <"!2"7-/%& 2%#<-."
get along (with) - *"!'% )!0%-!09/%& +"2;"!-/", 19("
look into - 3-&<".6"
open up - /%:(-&%& <"29<;-/"
pick up - "#-/", 3-'!9.-/"
try on - 7"(%&"29&%& 29:92-/", 29!'-/"
turn into - 7!"(&89!2"$%", 3-$.6", '"+"1$-."
sell off - >!9+)17%& 8"&+"*6-/%0 '";%+."
spring up - )$"/-+"+ '"29?-("

Quantifiers
a lot of / lots of - 2!".6. 0.6"+%/)0.6"+%
much - )0.6"+%
many - 0.6"+%
a few - 2!".6. 0.6"+%
a little - )0.6"+%
a couple of / several / a few / many / both / a (large/great/good) number of -
0.6"+%
(too) much, a little, a great/good deal of, a large/small amount/quantity of -
)0.6"+%
hardly any, some, no, plenty of - 0.6"+%/)0.6"+%

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