164

3.10 – EXERCÍCIO – pg. 83

f ( x ) − f ( 2)
1 – Para cada uma das seguintes funções, ache lim :
x→2 x−2

(a) f ( x) = 3 x 2
3 x 2 − 12 ( x − 2)(3 x + 6)
lim = lim = 12
x→2 x−2 x→ 2 x−2

1
(b) f ( x) = ,x≠0
x
1 1 2−x
−
− ( x − 2) 1 −1
lim x 2 = lim 2 x = lim ⋅ =
x→2 x − 2 x→2 x − 2 x→2 2x x−2 4

2 2
(c) f ( x) =x
3
2 2 8 2 4
x − ( x − 2) x + 
lim 3 3 = lim 3 3 4 4 8
= + =
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 3 3 3

(d) f ( x) = 3 x 2 + 5 x − 1
3 x 2 + 5 x − 1 − 21 3 x 2 + 5 x − 22 ( x − 2)(3 x + 11)
lim = lim = lim = 17
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2

1
(e) f ( x) = , x ≠ −1
x +1
1 1 3 − x −1
−
3( x + 1) − 2 + x −1 −1
lim x + 1 3 = lim = lim ⋅ =
x→2 x−2 x→2 x−2 x → 2 3( x + 1) x − 2 9

(f) f ( x) = x 3
x3 − 8 ( x − 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4)
lim = lim = 12
x→2 x − 2 x→2 x−2

2 -
Esboçar o gráfico das seguintes funções e dar uma estimativa dos limites
indicados
 165

x2 − 9
(a) f ( x) = ; lim f ( x) = 6
x−3 x →3
y
8

1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

x3 − 3x + 2 9
(b) f ( x) = ; lim f ( x) = − .
x2 − 4 x → −2 4
y
8

1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

x −1 3
(c) f ( x) = 3
; lim f ( x) = .
x −1 x →1 2
y

x
1 2 3 4

x −1 1
(d) f ( x) = ; lim f ( x) = .
x3 − 1 x →1 3
 166

x
-2 -1 1 2

3 – Calcular os limites indicados no Exercício 2 e comparar seus resultados com as

estimativas obtidas.

x2 − 9 ( x − 3)( x + 3)
(a) lim = lim = lim( x + 3) = 6.
x →3 x − 3 x →3 x−3 x →3

x3 − 3x + 2 ( x + 2)( x − 1) 2 ( x − 1) 2 9
(b) lim 2
= lim = lim =− .
x → −2 x −4 x → −2 ( x + 2)( x − 2) x → −2 x−2 4

x −1 u3 − 1 (u − 1)(u 2 + u + 1) (u 2 + u + 1) 3
(c) lim 3 = lim 2 = lim = lim = .
x →1 x − 1 u →1 u − 1 u →1 (u − 1)(u + 1) u →1 (u + 1) 2

x −1 x −1 1
(d) lim 3
= lim 2
= .
x →1 x − 1 x →1 ( x − 1)( x + x + 1) 3

Nos exercícios de 4 a 27 calcule os limites.

x3 +1 ( x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1) (−1) 2 − (−1) + 1 3

4 - lim 2
= lim = =− .
x → −1 x − 1 x → −1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) −1−1 2

t 3 + 4t 2 + 4t (t + 2)(t 2 + 2t ) 4−4 0
5 - lim = lim = = = 0.
t → −2 (t + 2)(t − 3) t → −2 (t + 2)(t − 3) −2−3 −5

x 2 + 3x − 10 ( x − 2)( x + 5) x+5 2+5 7

6 - lim 2 = lim = lim = = = 1.
x→2 3x − 5 x − 2 x → 2 ( x − 2)(3 x + 1) x→2 3x + 1 3⋅ 2 +1 7

2t 2 − 3t − 5 (2t − 5)(t + 1) 5 7
7 - lim = lim = +1 = .
t→
5 2t − 5 t→
5 (2t − 5) 2 2
2 2
 167

x 2 + (1 − a ) x − a ( x − a )( x + 1)
8 - lim = lim = a +1.
x→a x−a x → a ( x − a)

3 x 2 − 17 x + 20 ( x − 4)(3 x − 5) 12 − 5 7
9 - lim 2 = lim = = = 1.
x → 4 4 x − 25 x + 36 x → 4 ( x − 4)( 4 x − 9) 16 − 9 7

x2 + 6 x + 5 ( x + 1)( x + 5) − 1 + 5 4
10 - lim 2
= lim = =− .
x → −1 x − 3 x − 4 x → −1 ( x + 1)( x − 4) −1− 4 5

x2 −1 ( x − 1)( x + 1) − 1 − 1 − 2
11 - lim 2
= lim = = = −2 .
x → −1 x + 3 x + 2 x → −1 ( x + 1)( x + 2) −1+ 2 1

x2 − 4 ( x − 2)( x + 2)
12 - lim = lim = 4.
x→2 x − 2 x→2 ( x − 2)

x 2 − 5x + 6 ( x − 2)( x − 3) 2 − 3 −1 1
13 - lim 2
= lim = = = .
x→2 x − 12 x + 20 x → 2 ( x − 2)( x − 10) 2 − 10 − 8 8

(2 + h) 4 − 16 h 4 + 8h3 + 24h 2 + 32h + 16 − 16 h/ (h3 + 8h 2 + 24h + 32)

lim = lim = lim
14 - h → 0 h h →0 h h→0 h/
= 32

(4 + t ) 2 − 16 16 + 8t + t 2 − 16 t/ (8 + t )
15 - lim = lim = lim = 8.
t →0 t t →0 t t →0 t/

25 + 3t − 5 25 + 3t/ − 25 3
16 - lim = lim = .
t →0 t t → 0 t ( 25 + 3t + 5)
/ 10

a 2 + bt − a a 2 + bt/ − a 2 b
17 - lim = lim = , a>0.
t →0 t t →0
t/ ( a 2 + bt + a ) 2a

h −1 h −1 1
18 - lim = lim = .
h →1 h −1 h →1
(h − 1)( h + 1) 2

2( h 2 − 8 ) + h 2(h 2 − 8) − h 2 2h 2 − 16 − h 2
19 - lim = lim = lim =
h → −4 h+4 h → −4
(h + 4)( 2(h 2 − 8) − h) h→−4 (h + 4)( 2(h 2 − 8) − h)
(h + 4)(h − 4) −8
= lim = = −1 .
h → −4
(h + 4)( 2(h 2 − 8 − h) 8
 168

3
8+h −2
20 - lim
h →0 h
u3 = 8 + h ⇒ h = u3 − 8
u−2 u−2 1
lim 3 = lim 2
= .
u→2 u − 8 u → 2 (u − 2)(u + 2u + 4) 12

1+ x −1 1/ + x/ − 1/ −1
21 - lim = lim = .
x →0 −x x → 0
− x/ ( 1 + x + 1) 2

x2 + a2 − a ( x 2 + a 2 − a 2 )( x 2 + b 2 + b) 2/ b b
22 - lim = lim = lim = , a, b > 0 .
x →0 2 2 x →0 2 2 2 2 2 x →0 2/a a
x +b −b ( x + b − b )( x + a + a )

3
x −3 a
23 - lim
x→a x−a

Fazendo:
x = u3
a = b3
com b ≠ 0 e a ≠ 0 temos:

u −b u −b 1 1
lim 3 3
= lim 2 2
= 2 2 2
= 2.
u →b u − b u → b (u − b)(u + bu + b ) b +b +b 3b
1
= .
33 a 2

3
x −1
24 - lim
x →1 4
x −1
Fazendo x = u 12 , u ≥ 0 temos:
3
x −1 u 4 −1 (u − 1)(u 3 + u 2 + u + 1) 4
lim = lim = lim = .
x →1 4 u →1 u 3 − 1 u →1 (u − 1)(u 2 + u + 1) 3
x −1

3
x 2 − 23 x + 1
25 - lim
x →1 ( x − 1) 2
3
Fazendo x = u , temos:
3
x 2 − 23 x + 1 u 2 − 2u + 1 (u − 1)(u − 1) 1
lim 2
= lim 3 2
= lim 2 2 2
= .
x →1 ( x − 1) u →1 (u − 1) u →1 (u − 1) (u + u + 1) 9
 169

3− 5+ x (9 − 5 − x)(1 + 5 − x (4 − x)(1 + 5 − x ) − 2 −1
26 - lim = lim = lim = = .
x→4 1 − 5 − x x → 4 (1 − 5 + x )(3 + 5 + x x → 4 ( −4 + x )(3 + 5 + x ) 6 3

1+ x − 1− x 1/ + x − 1/ + x 2x 2
27 - lim = lim = lim = = 1.
x →0 x x → 0
x ( 1 + x) + 1 − x ) x → 0
x( 1 + x) + 1 − x ) 2