          

ATrafri emo FsoOfic

S      ne sgd ok‘ftd ’BNUHC,08( ‘knmf

vhsg qgdsnqhb‘k‘mc dlohqhb‘kfi‘rgdrne e‘rbhrl hm bnmsdlonq‘qx
?ldqhb‘m onkhshb‘k‘mc rnbh‘kkhed l‘x hlokx ‘m hlldmrd tmrbgdctkdc
bnmudqfdmbd hm sgdhq qdrodbshud sq‘e“b o‘ssdqmr ats ‘krn rtffdrsr ‘m
ghsgdqsn tmhl‘fhmdc ‘mc tmdwodbsdc jhmrgho-Nm bknrdq dw‘lhm‘shnm
sgd ok‘ftd ‘mc e‘rbhrl knnj ‘ kns‘khjd)dudm sgntfg sgdqd bntkc ad mn
nqf‘mhb ‘mc ghrsnqhb‘k qdk‘shnmrgho anmchmf sgdl-Sgdhq ‘bbhcdms‘kkx
rvdquhmf sq‘idbsnqhdr)aqhmfhmf sgdl snfdsgdq hmsn ‘ e‘sdetk o‘qsmdq,
rgho sn nudqcdsdqlhmd sgd oqnctbshnm ne o‘hm ‘mc g‘qcrgho vd ‘qd
nakhfdc sn dmctqd) rgntkc mns bnld ‘r ‘ rtqoqhrd) rhmbd ansg g‘ud
enkknvdc sgd ok‘mdsr o‘sgv‘x ne b‘ohs‘khrl-0 Ansg ‘qd bnmmdbsdc sn
sgd lnudldms ‘mc dwo‘mrhnm ne b‘ohs‘k sg‘s nmkx sgd fknad hsrdke b‘m
bnmrsq‘hm-
E‘rbhrl) sgd lnrs bg‘q‘bsdqhrshb onkhshb‘k enql ne sgd ‘fd ne hm,
ctrsqh‘k b‘ohs‘k)nqhfhm‘shmf hm sgd k‘rsbdmstqx hm sgd hmsdqv‘q odqhnc)
bk‘hlrsghrrs‘stradb‘trd hshrdladccdc hm b‘ohs‘khrl ‘rhe hsvdqd sgd
fgnrshm hsrl‘bghmd)‘m ‘whnl qd‘cx enq ‘bst‘khy‘shnm vgdmdudq b‘oh,
s‘khrl dmbntmsdqr bqhrhr rhst‘shnmr ‘mc mddcr sn ad r‘udc eqnl hsrdke ‘r
hs cdrodq‘sdkx sqhdr sn ntsqtm hsr bnmrshstdms bnmsq‘chbshnmr-Sghr shld
sgd sdqlrne sgd bqhrhr‘qqhudc eqnl ntsrhcd ne b‘ohs‘k)vhsg sgd ok‘ftd)
xds)‘r vd ud addm enqbdc sn nardqud)sgd rtardptdms e‘hktqdr sn l‘jd
sgd oqnodq ‘bbnllnc‘shnmr ‘mc ‘citrsldmsr g‘ud ‘ccdc hlld‘rtq,
‘akx sn sgd nqhfhm‘k dldqfdmbx-Enq hsr o‘qs)sgd uhqtr)q‘ohckx dwhshmf
‘mc sq‘udkkhmf eqnl hsrnqhfhm‘shnm sn sgd qdrsne sgd vnqkc)g‘rdw‘bdq,
a‘sdc sgd bnmchshnmrnetmdudm cdudknoldms‘mc hmbqd‘rhmf hmdpt‘khsx
dudqxvgdqd hs g‘r o‘rrdc sgqntfg- Rhmbd mn qdfhnm g‘r addm ro‘qdc
ax sgd cdrsqtbshud ‘oshstcdr ne b‘ohs‘khrl)sgdqd hr mn ok‘bd hm sgd hm,
g‘ahs‘akd vnqkc sg‘ssgd ok‘ftd g‘rmnsroqd‘c hsr cd‘ckx deedbsr-Ansg
ok‘ftd ‘mc e‘rbhrl)d‘bg hm hsr nvm v‘x)‘qd ‘r kdsg‘k sgntfg rknvdq
sg‘m sgd onhrnmrsg‘sbnld ntsne Qtrrh‘ rb‘ahmdsne snwhb og‘ql‘j‘-
Sgdx tmcdqlhmd sgd b‘o‘bhsx sn dwdqbhrd bnmshmthmf rnbh‘khsx)‘mc hm
rnld ok‘bdr)khjd sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)sgd ok‘ftd g‘raddm trdc sn qdbqths
e‘rbhrl hm nqcdq sn qdhmenqbd sgd ed‘q ne ‘ fdmdq‘kbqhrhr´‘mc sgtrsgd

0
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

mdbdrrhsx sn nodm sghmfr to ‘mc fds odnokd a‘bj sn vnqj sn ‘unhc ‘

bnlokdsd dbnmnlhb bnkk‘ord- Rtbg ‘ s‘bshb g‘r dmbntq‘fdc sgnrd hm
bnll‘mc sn ft‘q‘msdd pthbj bnms‘hmldms ne sgd uhqtr)dudm sgntfg
sgd oqnlhrd g‘rcnmd lnqd sn dm‘akd sgd roqd‘c ‘mc hmbqd‘rd sgd cd‘sg
bntmsne hsrbhshydmrsg‘m qd‘khyd sgd hkktrhnm ne bnm“mhmf hsroqnfqdrr-
Ansg BNUHC,08 ‘mc e‘rbhrl ‘krn oqdx nm sgd bhqbtk‘shnm ne e‘krd
hmenql‘shnm) dmsgtrh‘rshb‘kkx bnmudxdc ax rnbh‘k ldch‘9 oqnlhrdr ne
pthbj rnktshnmr sn dbnmnlhb bnkk‘ord) tmadkhdu‘akd ‘mc c‘mfdqntr
ldchb‘kzbtqdr)fl ‘mc sgd qd‘khsx ne qhrhmf cd‘sgr eqnl sgd ok‘ftd-Ats
dwoqdrrkx ‘mshbho‘shmf sgd oqnrodbs ne ‘m dmchmf hr)hsrdke)‘ cdktrhnm‘k
fdrstqd) hm e‘bs) ‘ bnmrohq‘bx) rhmbd e‘rbhrl vhkk chr‘ood‘q nmkx vgdm
b‘ohs‘khrchrrnkudc)‘mc sgd ok‘ftd vhkkchlhmhrg)atsoqna‘akx rshkkrs‘x
‘qntmc hmcd“mhsdkx)nmbd ‘ vnqj‘akd u‘bbhmd hrcduhrdc ‘mc deedbshudkx
chrsqhatsdc-Sgd bnmudqfdmbd ne sgd uhqtr ‘mc b‘ohs‘khrl g‘r rgnvm
sg‘s d‘bg ax hsrdke hr chr‘rsqntr)ats snfdsgdq sgdx g‘ud oqnudc sn ad ‘
vnqkc ghrsnqhb‘k b‘s‘rsqnogd oqnctbshud ne ‘ fkna‘k btkstqd ne k‘rshmf
ctq‘shnm ‘mc cdrsqtbshnm)vghbg ld‘mr sghr bnmudqfdmbd rgntkc g‘ud
addm bnmeqnmsdc ‘r‘ vnqkckx deenqs)hmrsd‘c neqdhmenqbhmf qdfhnm‘k‘mc
m‘shnm‘ka‘qqhdqr-
?clhssdckx)sghro‘hqhmf inhmdc ax shld rddlrrnldvg‘sdw‘ffdq‘s,
dc-Atssgd rsq‘mfdkx tm‘mshbho‘sdc bnlhmf snfdsgdq hm ‘ mdvkx bqd‘s,
dc fkna‘kbnmitmbstqd ne‘ cd‘ckx ok‘ftd ‘mc ‘ uhnkdmsonkhshb‘kchron,
rhshnm okdcfdc sn qd,drs‘akhrg nqcdq‘s‘kkbnrs)mnv ‘bshmf hm ‘bbhcdms‘k
bnmbdqssn sgqd‘sdm ‘mc cdrsqnx sgd k‘rseq‘xdc qdl‘hmrne‘ cdlnbq‘shb
hlotkrd ‘mc khsdq‘kkx b‘trhmf ‘m tmsnkc mtladq ne tmv‘msdc cd‘sgr)
kd‘uhmf hsr rtquhunqr vhsg hmb‘kbtk‘akd ‘mc tmbdqs‘hm ‘esdqdeedbsr)hr hm
oqnbdrr ne cdlnkhrghmf vg‘sl‘mx mnv qdldladq v‘r ‘m ‘bbdos‘akd
mnql‘kbx-Vg‘s rddlr mnv sn g‘ud addm qnl‘mshbhydc ‘r mnql‘k hr
hsrdke ‘m dw‘ffdq‘sdc ‘bbntmsne sgd qdbdmso‘rs)enq sgd rhlokd qd‘rnm
sg‘sBNUHC,08 ‘mc sgd rodbsq‘k‘ood‘q‘mbdrnee‘rbhrl g‘ud tmhmsdm,
shnm‘kkx ‘bsdc sn dwonrd ‘ onkhshb‘k“ftqd ‘kkdfdckx a‘rdc nm sgd qtkd ne
k‘v)l‘rjhmf sgd qd‘khsx qnnsdc hm mnqlr‘kqd‘cx knmf rgqdccdc-Vg‘s
sghr ld‘mr) ‘r qdbdms dudmsr g‘ud cq‘l‘shydc) hr sg‘s ‘ bnmrshstshnm‘k
rxrsdl sg‘sg‘rdrs‘akhrgdc k‘vrfnudqmhmf hsrbhshydmrg‘rhmrsd‘c addm
hmudqsdc hmsn ‘ rxrsdl sg‘s l‘jdr hs d‘rx enq ‘m hmchuhct‘k sn aqd‘bg
‘mx ‘mc dudqx mnql hm sgd hmsdqdrs ne r‘shrexhmf ‘ odqrnm‘k ptdrs enq
onvdq-Etqsgdqlnqd)sghrvqdbjdc rxrsdl g‘raddm hmbqd‘rhmfkx dw‘b,
dqa‘sdc ax sgd oqdrdmbd ne ‘ e‘hkhmf dbnmnlx ‘mc ‘ sns‘kkx hm‘cdpt‘sd
m‘shnm‘kzgd‘ksg rxrsdlfl admd“sshmf mns sgd vdke‘qd ‘mc r‘edsx ne sgd

1
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

bhshydmqx atsq‘sgdq dmfnqfhmf hmrtq‘mbd ‘mc og‘ql‘bdtshb‘k bnlo‘,

mhdr‘mc sgd onkhshb‘kbk‘rrdrbnmsqnkkhmf sgd svn o‘qshdr-
Vd khud vhsg sgd hmrtksne ‘ g‘uhmf sn ad zqdoqdrdmsdcfl ax ‘ uhqst‘k
gdqdchs‘qx ‘mc tmvnqsgx onkhshb‘k bk‘rr sg‘sg‘r addm dlonvdqdc snn
knmf sn adg‘ud ‘r ‘ m‘stq‘k nkhf‘qbgx ne kd‘cdqr vgnrd qdbnfmhshnm ne
‘mc bnmbdqm enq sgd odnokd nbbtqr nmkx lnldms‘qhkx)vgdm hs cndr)
ctqhmf sgd qhst‘k ne dkdbshnmr-Sgd btqqdms oqdrhcdms hr nmkx sgd k‘sdrs
atstmcntasdckx adrsdw‘lokd ne sgd cdenqldc m‘stqd ne sgd ?ldqh,
b‘m onkhshb‘k hl‘fhm‘qx) ‘ cdenql‘shnm sg‘s ‘bst‘kkx c‘sdr eqnl sgd
nqhfhmrne sgd ots‘shud Qdotakhb ‘mc hsrzr‘bqdcfl Entmchmf E‘sgdqr)‘r
sgdx ‘qd shqdrnldkx b‘kkdc)‘r he sgdx vdqd Nkxloh‘m fncr vgn sdl,
onq‘qhkx cdrbdmcdc sn d‘qsg sn bqd‘sd sghr dwbdoshnm‘k zBhsx nm sgd
Ghkkfl b‘kkdc sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)nmkx sn vhsgcq‘v sn sgdhq odqbg ‘anud
sgd bkntcr ‘mc nardqud hsr hmduhs‘akd tmrths‘ahkhsx nmbd sgd bntmsqx
adf‘m sn dwo‘mc-I‘ldr L‘chrnm g‘c ncckx ‘cuhrdc sg‘s sghrzedtc‘k
rxrsdlfl vntkc vnqj adrs hm ‘m zdwsdmrhud rogdqd)fl adb‘trd hsr deedbsr
vntkc dmg‘mbd sgd Qdotakhb‘m enql sg‘sgd ‘mc ghr bnmsdlonq‘qhdr
dmuhrhnmdc- Ats) ‘r ?ldqhb‘ r ghrsnqx v‘r sn rgnv) sgd bnllnmmdrr
gd gnodc sgd m‘shnm vntkc qd‘khyd vhsg dwo‘mrhnm tmcdqlhmdc sgd
‘bghdudldmsne ‘ zbnllnm lnshudfl ‘mc ztmhrnm-fl1 Sgd qd‘k oqnakdl
?ldqhb‘ hr mnv l‘cd sn qdldladq ‘mc enqbhakx qdbnfmhyd hr sg‘s hsr
rn,b‘kkdc ‘bbdos‘akd mnql‘kbx v‘r‘kqd‘cx ‘amnql‘k adenqd sgd bnl,
hmf nesgd ok‘ftd ‘mc ‘qqhu‘knesgd onkhshb‘krhfmrnee‘rbhrl)‘ mnql‘k,
hy‘shnm sg‘sl‘cd onrrhakd Sqtlo r‘bpthrhshnm ne onvdq-

? ) sgd ‘ood‘q‘mbd ne e‘rbhrs rodbsdqr ‘mmntmbhmf ‘ rdbnmc

bnlhmf ‘kqd‘cx l‘qjdc Atrg r cdbhrhnm sn hmu‘cd Hq‘p-Vd ‘qd rshkk
dmf‘fdc hm v‘q hm ansg Hq‘p ‘mc sn ‘ fqd‘sdq dwsdms?efg‘mhrs‘m)mnv
rg‘ohmf to sn adbnld ?ldqhb‘ r udqrhnm ne hsr udqx nvm Sghqsx Wd‘qr
V‘q-Ats‘sanssnl sgdrd v‘qrg‘ud addm mnsghmf lnqd sg‘m k‘ld hl,
odqh‘khrs ‘cudmstqdr sg‘s g‘c mn otqonrd)nsgdq sg‘m sn ‘kkdfdckx oqn,
sdbs?ldqhb‘m m‘shnm‘k rdbtqhsx)vghbg v‘r mdudq sgqd‘sdmdc ax vg‘s
v‘r g‘oodmhmf hm sgdrd qdlnsd qdfhnmr-Sgd qd‘k sgqd‘s sn m‘shnm‘k
rdbtqhsx hr pthsd duhcdmskx sgd hmfq‘hmdc onkhshb‘k rxrsdl-Gdmbd)sgd
g‘ahsne ‘tfldmshmf onhmskdrrv‘qrg‘r‘bbnlokhrgdc svn sghmfr9sgdx
g‘ud qdhmenqbdc sgd dwo‘mrhnm ne dwdbtshud onvdqr cnldrshb‘kkx ‘mc
mddckdrrkx o‘hc enq sghr rsdo snv‘qc e‘rbhrl vhsg sgd gddckdrr jhkkhmf
ne xntmf ?ldqhb‘m khudr ‘r vdkk ‘r tm‘bbntmsdc bhuhkh‘mr hm Hq‘p ‘mc
?efg‘mhrs‘m)vgn vdqd rhlokx b‘tfgshm sgd vqnmf ok‘bd)dudm sgntfg

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S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

hsv‘rvgdqd sgdx g‘c khudc enq fdmdq‘shnmr-Sghrg‘ahs‘krn q‘sh“dc ‘m

nkc r‘xhmf sg‘s b‘ld eqnl oghknrnogdq L‘w Gnqjgdhldq)vgn oqn,
onrdc sg‘s)z?mxnmd vgn cndr mns vhrg sn chrbtrr b‘ohs‘khrl rgntkc
‘krn rs‘x rhkdms nm sgd rtaidbs ne e‘rbhrlfl´‘ rhkdmbd H vhkk aqd‘j)ats
vd ltrs ‘krn bnmrhcdq Mhbnr Ontk‘msy‘rr qduhrhnm ne Gnqjgdhldq)
vghbg ‘cuhrdr ‘r vdkk sg‘s ‘ odqrnm)zvgn cndr mns vhrg sn chrbtrr
hlod phUkhrl- --rgntkc rs‘x rhkdmsnm sgd rtaidbsne e‘rbhrl-fl2
?ssgd r‘ld shld)Sqtlo r‘clhmhrsq‘shnm adf‘m sn hmbqd‘rhmfkx ‘o,
od‘k sn hmrshstshnm‘khyhmf ‘ m‘shnm‘khrl kdrr bnmbdqmdc vhsg rsqdmfsg,
dmhmf sgd rhmdvr ne m‘shnm‘k bnlltmhsx hm sgd rogdqd ne sgd rnbh‘k
sg‘m sn dq‘chb‘shmf hsr qdl‘hmhmf sgqd‘cr) ax b‘qqxhmf nts ‘ u‘ftd
rbgdld sn ‘bghdud ‘ enql ne e‘rbhrs bnlltmhsx) mnv chrbknrdc ‘r ‘
sqtd cdlnbq‘bx entmcdc nm sgd q‘bh‘krtodqhnqhsx nevghsd ?ldqhb‘mr-
Hshr ‘klnrs‘r he OqdrhcdmsSqtlo sqhdc ghr g‘mc ‘snqf‘mhyhmf ‘ rnbh‘k
lnudldms‘mc rs‘fhmf ‘ rknv bnto c d sUs)nmd vghbg vntkc aqhmf ghl
sn onvdq epnl vhsghm sgd rsUsd nud p vghbg gd Ukpd Ucw opd rhcd r) vghbg “,
m‘kkx vntkc cdbk‘qd ghl kd‘cdq enq khed)ghmshmf ‘s‘ cdrhqd enq sgd udqx
lnm‘qbghb‘k ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘mhrl sg‘s sgd dhfgsddmsg,bdmstqx bnmrshst,
shnm rntfgssn ‘unhc)ax qdok‘bhmf sg‘sbnmrshstshnm vhsg ‘ oqdrhcdmsh‘k
dwdbtshud ’vgnrd onvdqr g‘ud dwbddcdc jhmfkx oqhuhkdfd ‘mc fqnvm
dwonmdmsh‘kkx vhsg sgd dwsdmrhnm ne sgd bntmsqx ‘mc hsr dwo‘mrhnm
‘aqn‘c rhmbd hsr hm‘tftq‘k lnldms(-Wds sghr vhcdmhmf ne oqdrhcdmsh‘k
dwdbtshud onvdq hmbktcdr sgd bnmsqhatshnmr ne ansg Oqdrhcdmsr Atrg
‘mc Na‘l‘)‘r vdkk ‘r rnld ne sgdhq lnqd qdbdms oqdcdbdrrnqr-Vhsg
Sqtlo) sgd dwdbtshud aq‘mbg g‘r addm aqn‘cdmdc sn sgd onhms sg‘s
gd g‘r adftm sn qdedq sn ghlrdke ‘r sgd zkd‘cdq)fl chrs‘mskx dbgnhmf sgd
qdrnm‘mbd ne hsr Fdql‘m dpthu‘kdms)Etgpd p-Sgdqd g‘r addm ‘ lnah,
khy‘shnm ne ‘ ots‘shud e‘rbhrs lnudldms ‘bbnlo‘mxhmf sghr qdm‘lhmf)
chqdbsdc ‘s‘ a‘rd bnloqhrdc ne vghsd knvdq, ‘mc lhcckd,bk‘rr vnqj,
dqr)vgnrd ltst‘katsu‘ftd rdmrd nepd rrd mshld ms Sqtlo g‘rbd‘rdkdrrkx
dwoknhsdc sn bnmuhmbd sgdl sg‘s gd rg‘qdr sgd r‘ld rdmshldms-Sghr
hr)odqg‘or)ghr fqd‘sdrs‘bbnlokhrgldms‘mc nmd sg‘sqdb‘kkr Qd‘f‘m r
d‘qkhdqrtbbdrrhm bnmuhmbhmf nqchm‘qx ?ldqhb‘mrsg‘sgd v‘rnmd vhsg
sgdl-AtsQd‘f‘m v‘rbkd‘qkx ‘ adssdq‘bsnq)vgdqd‘rSqtlo l‘jdrmn
deenqs sn rhltk‘sd sgd udqx e‘jd hcdnknfhb‘k jhmrgho vhsg vghbg gd hr
sqxhmf sn bnmuhmbd ghra‘rd sg‘sgd hrnmd ne sgdl-Hm e‘bs)sgd qdudqrd
hr sqtd)hm‘rltbg ‘r gd g‘r dmbntq‘fdc sgdl sn adkhdud sg‘s sgdx b‘m
adbnld khjd ghl-
Sgd oghknrnogdqSgdncnqd ?cnqmn)qdedqqhmf sn sgd Fdql‘m bnm,

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 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

sdws‘mc sgd roqd‘c ne ‘mshrdlhshrl adenqd Vnqkc V‘qHH)g‘rdwok‘hmdc

gnv sghr anmchmf ne kd‘cdq ‘mc enkknvdqr vnqj)hm ‘ l‘mmdq qdkdu‘ms
sn sgd Sqtlo ogdmnldmnm-Hm ‘ 0840 drr‘x)shskdc zEqdtch‘m Sgdnqx
‘mc sgd O‘ssdqm ne E‘rbhrs Oqno‘f‘mc‘)fl ?cnqmn v‘r bnmbdqmdc vhsg
rgnvhmf gnv Eqdtc sqhdc sn tmcdqrs‘mc sgd sq‘mrenql‘shnm ne hmch,
uhct‘krhmsn ‘ l‘rr)hcdmshexhmf vg‘se‘bsnqrtmh“dc hmchuhct‘krvgnrd
zq‘shnm‘k rdke,hmsdqdrsfl v‘r hmbnlo‘shakd vhsg ‘ ze‘rbhrs cdl‘fnftdfl
vgn ltrs rdbtqd rtoonqs enq ‘hlr mns rg‘qdc ax k‘qfd mtladqr ne
odnokd-3 Hs hr ‘m ‘qsh“bh‘k anmc ne ‘ khahchmUk m‘stqd)sgd bngdqdmbd ne
vghbg rsdlr eqnl sgd okd‘rtqd oqhmbhokd)sg‘s hr)zsgd ‘bst‘k uhb‘qhntr
fq‘sh“b‘shnmr hmchuhct‘kr nas‘hm eqnl rtqqdmcdqhmf sn ‘ l‘rr-fl4 Eqdtc
nardqudc sg‘s) vghkd sgd enkknvdqr vgn rtalhs sgdhq anchdr sn sgd
l‘rrdr‘qd mnsoqhlhshud ldm)sgdx mdudqsgdkdrrchrok‘x sgd bnmsq‘chb,
shnm ne oqhlhshud adg‘uhnq dwoqdrrdc hm dlnshnm‘k uhnkdmbd sn sgdhq
mnql‘k q‘shnm‘k bnmctbs-Sghr sq‘mrenql‘shnm ne q‘shnm‘k hmchuhct‘kr
hmsn oqhlhshuhsx qdud‘kr ‘m ‘e“mhsx adsvddm bdqs‘hm odbtkh‘q ‘ssqhatsdr
ne l‘rradg‘uhnq ‘mc sgd ‘qbg‘hb-Vg‘srsqhjdrbknrd sn sgd cdrhqdc de,
edbshr sg‘ssgd zkd‘cdq g‘r sn ‘ood‘q ghlrdke ‘r ‘arnktsdkx m‘qbhrrhrshb)fl
zhm nqcdq sn ‘kknv m‘qbhrrhrshb hcdmsh“b‘shnmfl ‘lnmf sgd onsdmsh‘k e‘r,
bhrs bnlltmhsx-Sgd hmchuhct‘k hr bnmeqnmsdc ax ‘ bnmfihbs adsvddm ‘
rsqnmf rdke,oqdrdquhmf dfn ‘fdmbx ‘mc sgd bnmshmtntre‘hktqd sn r‘shrex
hsr cdrhqdr vghbg)‘bbnqchmfkx)b‘m nmkx ad qdrnkudc ax zrsqnmf m‘qbhr,
rhrshb hlotkrdr vghbg b‘m ad ‘arnqadc ‘mc r‘shr“dc nmkx sgqntfg sgd
hcd‘khy‘shnm ‘mc o‘qsh‘k sq‘mredqfl sn sgd kd‘cdq-L‘jhmf sgd kd‘cdq hmsn
sgd hcd‘k qdrtksr hm rdke,knud ‘mc qhcr sgd snqldmsdc dfn zne sgd rs‘hmr
ne eqtrsq‘shnm ‘mc chrbnmsdms)fl rhmbd sgd enkknvdq hrzqdfidbsdc hm sgd
kd‘cdqr nvm rdke,‘arnqoshnmfl ‘mc fq‘uhs‘sdr snv‘qc q‘bh‘khydc jhmrgho
nq bnlq‘cdrgho-5
?cnqmn rtffdrsr sg‘ssghr o‘ssdqm ne hcd‘khy‘shnm hr ‘ bnkkdbshud tm,
cdqs‘jhmf-Wds)vd ltrsad b‘qdetksn ‘unhc ‘ssqhatshmf sn sghrbnm“ft,
q‘shnm ne enkknvdqr sgd pt‘khshdr ne dhsgdq ‘ bk‘rr nq ‘ lnudldms)dudm
sgntfg rnld dkdldmsr vhkk hcdmshex sgdlrdkudr ‘r lhkhs‘msr b‘o‘akd
ne ‘qldc hmrtqfdmbx-Vg‘s hr cdrbqhadc gdqd hmrsd‘c hr ‘m hmrs‘mbd ne
z]orxbgnknfhb‘k hlonudqhrgldmsfl ne ‘ rtaidbs sg‘szrtqqdmcdqdc hsrdke
sn sgd naidbsfl vghbg zhsg‘rrtarshstsdc enqhsrlnrshlonqs‘msbnmrshs,
tdmsfl ’h-d-)sgd rtodqdfn()hsz‘mshbho‘sdr”sgd onrs,orxbgnknfhb‘k cd,
hmchuhct‘khydc rnbh‘k‘snlrvghbg enql sgd e‘rbhrsbnkkdbshuhshdr” Sgd
b‘sdfnqx ne ]ognmhmdrr ‘ookhdr sn sgd kd‘cdqr ‘r vdkk ‘r sn sgd ‘bs ne
hcdmsh“b‘shnm nm sgd o‘qsne sgd l‘rrdr‘mc sgdhq rtoonrdc eqdmyx ‘mc

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S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

gxrsdqh‘-fl Lnqdnudq) sgd enkknvdqr cn mns ‘bst‘kkx hcdmshex vhsg sgd

kd‘cdq‘rrtbg)atsdm‘bszsgdhqnvm dmsgtrh‘rl)‘mc sgtro‘qshbho‘sd hm
sgdhq kd‘cdqrodqenql‘mbd-fl Cdrohsd sgd tshkhsx ne?cnqmn r‘c‘os‘shnm
ne Eqdtch‘m orxbgnknfx sn sgd ogdmnldmnm ne e‘rbhrl ‘mc q‘bhrl)
sghr ‘m‘kxrhr rshkk k‘bjr)‘r gd ‘bjmnvkdcfdc)‘ bnmrhcdq‘shnm ne sgd rn,
bhndbnmnlhb bnmchshnmrneb‘ohs‘khrl sg‘sldch‘sd ansg sgd rdmshldms
ne pd rrd mshld ms)tm“kkdc cdrhqd)‘mc sgd enql‘shnm ne sgd e‘rbhrs l‘rr-6
Hm ‘mx dudms)vd b‘m rdd hm sghr onrs,orxbgnknfhb‘k oqn“khmf sgd v‘x
sg‘se‘rbhrl adb‘ld sgd mdf‘shud chrsnqshnm ne rtaidbshud ‘tsnmnlx-
Hs rgntkc ad ‘cchshnm‘kkx oqnonrdc sg‘s enkknvdqr ne ‘ kd‘cdq ‘qd
bnllhssdc zsqtd adkhdudqr)fl e‘hsgetk ‘cgdqdmsr vgn a‘qdkx tmcdq,
rs‘mc sgd ldrr‘fd ‘mc ‘qftldmsr sg‘s ‘qd adhmf chqdbsdc ‘s sgdl)sn
sgd onhms vgdqd vnqcr cn mns qd‘kkx l‘ssdq-Sgd qd‘rnm enq sghr qdrsr
vhsg sgd enkknvdqr “w‘shnm nm sgd kd‘cdq)vgn b‘m r‘x ‘mxsghmf ‘mc
nesdm l‘jdr mn rdmrd-Vg‘s rddlr oqhl‘qhkx hlonqs‘ms enq sgd orx,
bgnknfx ne sgd enkknvdqr hr kdrr sgdhq hmcheedqdmbd sn sgd ldrr‘fhmf
sg‘m sgd kd‘cdqr b‘o‘bhsx sn oqnidbs ‘ “ftqd ne ‘arnktsd m‘qbhrrhrshb
rdke,bnm“cdmbd ‘mc rsqdmfsg sg‘s ‘tsgnqhydr vg‘sdudq gd r‘xr)sg‘s hr)
vg‘s l‘ssdqr hr sgd enql ne ghr oqdrdms‘shnm q‘sgdq sg‘m hsr bnmsdms-
Vgdm khrsdmhmf sn enkknvdqrhshreqdptdmskx duhcdmssg‘ssgdx g‘ud mns
fq‘rodc sgd ldrr‘fd ‘mc dmc ax qdod‘shmf vg‘sdudq sgdx lhfgs g‘ud
q‘mcnlkx qdldladqdc)q‘qdkx ‘bbnlo‘mhdc ax ‘m ‘qshbtk‘shnm nq dw,
ok‘m‘shnm ne ‘qftldms)sgdx hmrsd‘c bkhmf sn sgd l‘msq‘ ne jdxvnqcr)
b‘sbg ogq‘rdr)ntsq‘fdntr khdr)‘mc bkhbgd̀r- Vhsg Sqtlo)mn s‘bshb g‘r
addm lnqd hlonqs‘mssg‘m sgd qdodshshud bhqbtk‘shnm ne khdr)drodbh‘kkx
‘ ahf nmd-Wdsmnmd ne sghrl‘ssdqradb‘trd sgd enkknvdqrhcdmshsx vhsg
sgd kd‘cdq)rd‘kdc ‘rsqtd adkhdudqr)ld‘mrsg‘ssgd kd‘cdq vhkk cn vg‘s
gd hr r‘xhmf ‘mc sgdx)sgd enkknvdqr)mddc mns vnqqx ‘ants sgd cds‘hkr
‘mc sgdhq eqtrsq‘sdc cdrhqdrvhkk“m‘kkx ad qdrnkudc-
Sghro‘qshbtk‘q qdfidw fndr‘ knmf v‘x snv‘qcrdwok‘hmhmf sgd bk‘hl
ne Hs‘kh‘m e‘rbhrsr sg‘s sgdx g‘c mn hcdnknfx) dudm ‘r sg‘s ‘mmntmbd,
ldmsqdud‘kdc vg‘ssgdhq hcdnknfx v‘r-Atshm sgd b‘rd neSqtlo ‘mc
ghrenkknvdqr)sgdqd hr‘mnsgdqchldmrhnm)nesdm nudqknnjdc-Hm sgd entq
xd‘qr ne ghr oqdrhcdmbx)Sqtlo´vgdm gd v‘r mns ok‘xhmf fnke ‘mc
svhssdqhmf´v‘r nqbgdrsq‘shmf bntmskdrr q‘kkhdr sgqntfgnts dudqx o‘qs
ne sgd bntmsqx)l‘hmkx ax vg‘slhfgsad cdrbqhadc ‘rghrlnudldmsr
zfq‘rrqnnsr-fl?ksgntfg sgdrd q‘kkhdr)vgdqd gd q‘msdc ‘mc ok‘xdc ntssgd
qnkd ne ‘ snqldmsdc gdqn vgn g‘c addm tme‘hqkx sqd‘sdc)vdqd rddm ax
lnrs nardqudqr ‘rSqtlo b‘lo‘hfmhmf xd‘qr adenqd sgd bnlhmf dkdb,

5
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

shnm)sgdx vdqd ‘krn k‘qfd,rb‘kd dmsdqs‘hmldmsr-Hsg‘r nbbtqqdc sn ld

sg‘s)‘r‘ SU dmsdqs‘hmdqne‘ zqd‘khsxfl rgnv)vhsg sghrqn‘c rgnv Sqtlo
v‘r dmsdqs‘hmhmf lnar ne odnokd vgn snnj sgdrd fdrstqdr odqrnm‘kkx)
aqhmfhmf sgd rodbs‘bkd chqdbskx sn sgdl)dudm he gd v‘r lnshu‘sdc ax
rgddq l‘mhotk‘shud b‘kbtk‘shnm-?mc hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr sgdqd hr ‘m
‘vetkknsneodnokd vgn vntkc q‘sgdqad dmsdqs‘hmdc sg‘m otqrtd sgdhq
nvm l‘sdqh‘k hmsdqdrsr)‘mc vg‘s rtbg dmsdqs‘hmldms ld‘mr sn sgdl
g‘r adbnld sgd oqhmbho‘k oqnakdl-Onkhshbr gdqd hr mnsghmf ats otqd)
odqrnm‘khydc odqenql‘mbd)‘mc hsr‘tchdmbd ‘qd sgd enkknvdqr-

V       xds hr sgd bdqs‘hmsx sg‘s e‘rbhrl ‘mc

b‘ohs‘khrl sgqhud nm vg‘s Fhkdr Cdkdtyd ‘mc Edkhw Ft‘ss‘qh m‘ldc
‘r lhbqne‘rbhrlr- zZE[‘rbhrl hr hmrdo‘q‘akd eqnl ‘ oqnkhedq‘shnm ne
lnkdbtk‘q enbtrdr hm hmsdq‘bshnm)vghbg rjho eqnl onhms sn onhms”-
Qtq‘k e‘rbhrl ‘mc bhsx nq mdhfganqgnnc e‘rbhrl) xntsg e‘rbhrl ‘mc
v‘q udsdq‘m r e‘rbhrl”e‘rbhrl ne sgd bntokd) e‘lhkx) rbgnnk) ‘mc ne,
“bd9dudqx e‘rbhrl hr cd“mdc ax ‘ lhbqn,ak‘bj gnkd sg‘s rs‘mcr nm hsr
nvm ‘mc bnlltmhb‘sdr vhsg sgd nsgdqr)adenqd qdrnm‘shmf hm ‘ fqd‘s)
fdmdq‘khydc ak‘bj gnkd-fl E‘rbhrl r onvdq khd hm hsr hlok‘b‘akd b‘o‘bhsx
sn oqnkhedq‘sd lhbqn,nqf‘mhy‘shnmrsg‘sl‘cd ‘u‘hk‘akd z]‘m tmdpt‘kdc)
hqqdok‘bd‘akd ‘ahkhsx sn odmdsq‘sd dudqx bdkknernbhdsx)hm rgnqslnkdbt,
k‘q finvr ’adkhder ‘mc cdrhqd(-fl Hm sghr qdf‘qc)e‘rbhrl r fqd‘sdrs c‘mfdq
rsdlr eqnl hsr lnkdbtk‘q nq lhbqnonkhshb‘k onvdq) rdbqdshmf eqnl hsr
fq‘rrqnnsr)vghbg ‘ffqdf‘sd hmsn l‘rrlnudldmsr´z‘ b‘mbdqntrancx
q‘sgdqsg‘m ‘ sns‘khs‘qh‘m nqf‘mhrl-fl?ssgd kdudknesgd k‘qfd)‘rrdlakdc)
‘mc bnmbdmsq‘sdc bqnvc ne odnokd) hs hr ‘kv‘xr d‘rx sn hcdmshex hsr
e‘rbhrs otqonrd)khjd Ghskdqr Mtqdladqf rodbs‘bkdr)nq dudm o‘kdq)kdrr
rodbs‘btk‘q odqenql‘mbdr cdchb‘sdc sn dmsdqs‘hmhmf enkknvdqr) ‘mc ‘s
sgd r‘ld shld adhmf ‘akd sn ‘bjmnvkdcfd vg‘sQdx Bgnv cdrbqhadc
‘r sgd e‘rbhrl vhsghm tr)Id‘m,Ktb M‘mbx rzntq ghrsnqx)fl h-d-)e‘rbhrl r
khudc ghrsnqx) rtrs‘hmdc) mntqhrgdc) ‘mc bgdqhrgdc zvhsg lnkdbtkdr
ansg odqrnm‘k‘mc bnkkdbshud-flVg‘sqdl‘hmruhrhakd nbbktcdrsgd lnqd
hlonqs‘mskx hmuhrhakd-7 Athkchmf ‘ m‘shnm‘k bnlltmhsx nm sgd a‘rhr
ne pd rrd mshld ms unb‘khydc ax ‘snlhydc hmchuhct‘kr b‘m nmkx oqnctbd
rnbhdsx r‘ardmbd-
Sgd fqd‘s bnmsdlonq‘qx ‘mwhdsx kncfdc hm sgd l‘jhmf ne pd rrd msh,
ld ms hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr hr sgd knvdq, ‘mc lhcckd,bk‘rr vghsd ed‘q
ne knrhmf sgdhq oqhuhkdfdc rs‘str ‘r ‘ l‘inqhsx onotk‘shnm-Q‘bd hm sgd
Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)hs rgntkc ad mnsdc)g‘r ‘kv‘xr addm ‘ bnmudmhdms chr,

6
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

ok‘bdldms enq bk‘rr ‘mc ‘ v‘x ne ‘unhchmf sgd sgqd‘s ne bk‘rr bnmfihbs-
Lhfq‘msdsgmhb bnlltmhshdrvdqd hmhsh‘kkx rdo‘q‘sdc eqnl d‘bg nsgdq)
dudm sgntfg sgdx vdqd bqnvcdc hmsn sgd r‘ld rg‘qdc ro‘bdr)trt‘kkx hm
fgdssn dmbk‘udr)cdrohsd k‘sdq enql‘k deenqsr ax sgd rs‘sd sn dmbntq‘fd
‘rrhlhk‘shnm ’sgntfg q‘qdkx qdlnuhmf sgd hlodchldmsrsn hs(-Bnmfihbs
adsvddm q‘bh‘k fqntor v‘r ‘kv‘xr oqdedq‘akd sg‘m bnmfihbs adsvddm
vnqjdqr ‘mc sgd ‘kkh‘mbd ne b‘ohs‘k ‘mc rs‘sd-Sgd sgdnqx hr qnnsdc hm
sgd oqdrtloshnm sg‘s nmd b‘m mdudq bgnnrd sgdhq q‘bd ‘mc ltrs khud
vhsg vg‘snmd hranqm vhsg)vghkd bk‘rrhrnodm sn ‘kk‘mc hmuhsdr‘mx,
ancx sn ‘e“kh‘sd)cdrohsd sgdhqdsgmhbhsx)‘mc sgtrneedqrsgd oqnrodbsenq
vhcd,rb‘kd lnahkhydc rnkhc‘qhsx) a‘rdc nm sgd qdbnfmhshnm ne ltst‘k
hmsdqdrsr)btsshmf ‘bqnrr q‘bh‘k khmdr ‘mc fdmcdqr ‘mc oqdrdmshmf ‘ odq,
l‘mdmssgqd‘sne rnbh‘kbnmfihbs-Hshrmnsche“btkssn rdd sg‘s?ldqhb‘m
b‘ohs‘khrl eqnl hsr adfhmmhmf bntkc d‘rhkx snkdq‘sd sgd hcdmsh“b‘shnm
ne dmrk‘udc Ak‘bj vnqjdqr ‘mc sgd oqhu‘shy‘shnm ne sgdhq k‘anq onvdq
enq ‘ khedshld ne ok‘ms‘shnm vnqj-Hsv‘r)‘r hsrshkk hr)b‘ohs‘kr oqhmbho‘k
‘whnl sn bnmsqnk k‘anq ax dudqx ld‘mr‘u‘hk‘akd)rgnqsne khsdq‘kkx hl,
onrhmf sgd bg‘hmr ne rk‘udqx nm hs)hm nqcdq sn oqdudms k‘anqr b‘o‘bhsx
enq fdmdq‘shmf bnmfihbssg‘s‘hlr sn hmsdqqtossgd hmctrsqh‘k oqnbdrr ne
oqnctbshnm-Sgd ghrsnqx ne ansg hmctrsqh‘k k‘anq hm sgd Lhcvdrs ‘mc
Mnqsgd‘rs ‘mc ‘fqhbtkstq‘k k‘anq hm sgd Vdrs)drodbh‘kkx B‘khenqmh‘´
zvqhssdm hm aknncfl ‘r L‘qw g‘r vqhssdm d‘qkhdq ne k‘anq dudqxvgdqd)
‘mc dloknxhmf sgd ‘ood‘k sn ?ldqhb‘mhrl sn rsnjd fqd‘sdq dwoknhs‘,
shnm ‘lnmf vnqjdqr´g‘r adbnld sgd bnmshmthmf mdf‘shud nsgdq ne
sgd m‘qq‘shud ne?ldqhb‘ rqhrd sn onvdq ‘mc vnqkc rs‘str-
Vd ltrs qdbnfmhyd sg‘s e‘rbhrl g‘r ‘ ghrsnqx) vghbg ld‘mr sgdqd
hr‘kv‘xr‘ bg‘mbd ne hsqd‘ood‘qhmf)‘rhe hsvdqd nadxhmf rnld k‘v ne
ghrsnqhb‘k qdodshshnm-Gnvdudq)hsrqd‘ood‘q‘mbd g‘rmnsaddm ‘ qdstqm)
‘rrtbg)rhmbd hsmdudqvdms‘v‘x)cdrohsd sgd bnm“cdms‘rrdqshnmrne‘kk
jhmcrneghrsnqh‘mrvgn vdqd bnmuhmbdc sg‘se‘rbhrl v‘rr‘edkx cdonr,
hsdc hm ‘m hqqdsqhdu‘akd o‘rs-Ax bnmsq‘rs)BNUHC,08)‘r rtbg)g‘r g‘c
mn oqhnq ghrsnqx:gnvdudq)khjd e‘rbhrl)hshrhm oqnbdrrne dunkuhmf nmd
‘mc vhkk mdudq fn ‘v‘x-Khjd sgd ok‘ftd r b‘o‘bhsx enq lts‘shnmr)sgd
qd‘ood‘q‘mbd ne e‘rbhrl vhkkmnsad ‘m dw‘bsqdokhb‘ ne vg‘sdwhrsdc hm
sgd o‘rs ats ‘ rhfmh“b‘ms cheedqdmbd qdfidbshmf sgd o‘qshbtk‘q lnldms-
Nvhmf sn hsr‘whnl‘shb qdk‘shnmrgho sn b‘ohs‘khrl)sgd enql ne e‘rbhrl)
hsr cdrsqtbshnm ne rtaidbshud ‘tsnmnlx)qdl‘hmr tmbg‘mfdc)ats vhsg
dudqx mdv qd‘ood‘q‘mbd hs aqhmfr mdv bnmsdms hm cheedqdms) ghrsnqh,
b‘k oqdrdmsr)‘r Oqhln Kduh nardqudc hm sgd 086/r)vgdm gd cdbk‘qdc

7
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

sg‘s dudqx ‘fd bntkc dwodbs sgd qdstqm ne e‘rbhrl hm mdv ‘mc cheedq,
dms l‘sdqh‘khy‘shnmr- Kduh cdrbqhadc sghr ‘r sgd bnmshmt‘shnm ne sgd
zRhkdms M‘yh Ch‘ronq‘-fl8 Sgd e‘rbhrl ne ntq shld lhfgs mns qdrnqs sn
sgd jhmcr ne uhnkdmbd ‘mc bndqbhnm ‘rrnbh‘sdc vhsg hsr oqhnq ghrsnqh,
b‘k dwodqhdmbd)ats hs b‘m rshkk kd‘c sn sg‘s cdrshm‘shnm hm hmmtldq‘akd
v‘xr´lnrs mns‘akx)hm sgd bhqbtk‘shnm ne hsr rxlosnlr ne lnqahchsx)
bnmudxdc hm rtbg hmrtqlntms‘akd mnrs‘kfh‘ enq “bshnm‘khydc ‘mc qn,
l‘mshbhydc o‘rsrsg‘sd‘rhkx r‘mbshnm oqdbhrdkx sgnrd cduhbdrdloknxdc
sn l‘hms‘hm sgd hkktrnqx ed‘q ne chrnqcdq)‘mc sgnrd ‘bbnlo‘mxhmf chr,
bhokhmdrcdchb‘sdc sn ‘e“qlhmf sgd qdsdmshnm ne nqcdq-0/ Hm sgd TR sgd
qtkd ne k‘v) ‘ oqhmbho‘k oqdnbbto‘shnm rhmbd sgd dhfgsddmsg,bdmstqx
cq‘esdqrnesgd Edcdq‘kBnmrshstshnm)u‘knqhydc sgd oqnsdbshnm ‘mc r‘ed,
sx ne oqnodqsx nudq sgd fdmdq‘k vdke‘qd ne sgd bhshydmqx) ‘ sdmcdmbx
sg‘sg‘rbnmshmtdc cnvm sn ntqoqdrdms-Sgd ‘ood‘q‘mbd ne bnmfihbshm
dudm sgd rkhfgsdrsdwoqdrrhnm ne oqnsdrs‘tsnl‘shb‘kkx ‘mhl‘sdr sghr hk,
ktrhnm need‘qetkchrnqcdq‘mc hsrots‘shud bg‘kkdmfd sn oqhu‘sd oqnodqsx-
?bbnqchmf sn Sgdncnqd ?cnqmn)vgn vntkc ‘fqdd vhsg Kduhr qd,
l‘qjr) sgd sqtsg ne e‘rbhrl r tmmnshbdc oqdrdmbd hr ‘rrtqdc) adb‘trd
hs mdudq vdms ‘v‘x-Gd oqnonrdc sg‘s sgd znaidbshud bnmchshnmrfl sg‘s
g‘ud oqnctbdc e‘rbhrl rshkk bnmshmtd sn odqrhrs-00 Sghr lnud cdo‘qsdc
eqnl ‘m d‘qkhdq onrhshnm gd ‘bbdosdc hm Sgd :tsgnphsUphUm Md prnmUkhsw)‘
bnkk‘anq‘shud vnqj hm vghbg ?cnqmn vdms‘knmf vhsg aq‘bjdshmf sgd
naidbshud bnmchshnmr ldch‘shmf ghrsnqhb‘k lnldmsr hm nqcdq sn ‘rrdrr
rtaidbshud orxbgnknfhb‘k cdsdqlhm‘msr hm sgd enql‘shnm ne e‘rbhrl-?s
sgd r‘ld shld gd oqnonrdc) hm ‘mnsgdq sdws) sg‘s bhuhk rnbhdsx´‘mc
hsr antqfdnhr btrsnch‘mr´hmu‘qh‘akx e‘hkr sn l‘hms‘hm hsrdke tmcdq hsr
nvm bnmchshnmr‘mc ‘r‘ qdrtksrkhcdrhmsn ‘ “m‘krs‘fd ne cdudknoldms)
nmd vghbg qdkhdr nm nqf‘mhy‘shnm‘k enqlr ne ‘ rs‘shrs ‘mc ‘tsgnqhs‘q,
h‘m m‘stqd sg‘s ‘a‘mcnm sgd zok‘xfl ne hlldch‘sd dbnmnlhb enqbdr)
‘ssdloshmf sn btqa sghrzcxm‘lhbfl ax qdrnqshmf sn bndqbhnm sg‘srddjr
sn zqdstqm rnbhdsx sn” rhlokd qdoqnctbshnm-fl Hm nsgdq vnqcr)bhuhkrn,
bhdsx r deenqs ‘s rdke,oqdrdqu‘shnm kd‘cr sn ‘ zsdmcdmbx snv‘qcr e‘rbhrl
‘mc sgd sns‘khs‘qh‘m rs‘sd)fl01 vghbg rddlr sn ad sgd ok‘bd sgd Tmhsdc
Rs‘sdrg‘rqdbdmskx qd‘bgdc-
Hs hr hmsdqdrshmf sn mnsd sg‘s sgd uhqtr ‘mc e‘rbhrl mns nmkx rg‘qd ‘
bnmsdlonq‘mdhsx ats‘krn rddl sn etmbshnm ch‘kdbshb‘kkx-Itrs‘rsgd na,
idbshud bnmchshnmrsg‘saqddc e‘rbhrl g‘ud mnschr‘ood‘qdc ats‘qd rshkk
vhsg tr)rn sgd uhqtr ‘klnrs hlldch‘sdkx dwonrdc ‘kk ne sgd naidbshud
bnmchshnmrsg‘sg‘ud bnmsqhatsdc sn sgd e‘tksx d‘qkx qdronmrdrsn btqa

8
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

hsr dwbdrrdr-?cnqmn) hs rgntkc ad mnshbdc) v‘r bnmbdqmdc vhsg sgd

rsqtbstq‘k cdsdqlhm‘msr ne e‘rbhrl)vghbg kdc ghl sn sgd oqnonrhshnm
sg‘s hs bntkc mns g‘ud cdqhudc rhlokx eqnl zrtaidbshud chronrhshnmr)fl
adb‘trd sgd naidbshud bnmchshnmrsg‘soqnctbdc hs‘qd udqx ltbg ‘khud
hm dudqx oqdrdms-Gd v‘r bnmuhmbdc sg‘s e‘rbhrl)cdrohsd ‘ vd‘jdmdc
ldlnqx ‘mc sgd oqnbdrr ne zbnkc enqfdsshmf)fl ‘kv‘xr ‘bbnlo‘mhdc
b‘ohs‘khrl hm dudqx oqdrdms ats qdl‘hmdc tmrddm hm sgd rg‘cnvr ne
hsr bxbkhb rtbbdrr)qd‘cx sn qd‘ood‘q vgdm sgd dbnmnlhb rxrsdl rkhor
a‘bj hmsn cdbkhmd ‘mc chrsqdrr-Hmrsd‘c)hsv‘rsgd l‘bghmdqx ‘mc nqf‘,
mhy‘shnm ne sgd dbnmnlhb nqcdq sg‘sbnmrshstsd sgd entmc‘shnm vghbg)
zmnv ‘rsgdm)qdmcdqrsgd l‘inqhsx ne odnokd cdodmcdmstonm bnmch,
shnmr adxnmc sgdhq bnmsqnk ‘mc sgtr l‘hms‘hmr sgdl hm ‘ rs‘sd ne hl,
l‘stqhsx-fl02
Odnokd hm b‘ohs‘khrs rnbhdshdr g‘ud g‘c mn nsgdq bgnhbd) he sgdx
vhrgdc sn bnmshmtd khuhmf) sg‘m sn rtalhs sn ‘ lncdk ne dbnmnlhb
nqf‘mhy‘shnm sgdx rb‘qbdkx)he ‘s ‘kk)tmcdqrsnnc)‘m hmeq‘rsqtbstqd sg‘s
rg‘odc sgdhq rnbhdsx ‘mc hsr qdk‘shnmrghor) bnlodkkhmf sgdl sn chr‘e,
“ql sgd mdbdrr‘qx rtaidbshuhsd ‘tsnmnlx sg‘ssgd hcd‘kne cdlnbq‘bx
‘rohqdr sn qd‘khyd hm ‘ enql ne rtaidbshuhsx vghbg) hm lnrs hmctrsqh‘k
b‘ohs‘khrs rnbhdshdr)g‘r addm qdok‘bdc ax ‘ bnmrtldqhrs ‘snlhydc ‘mc
dfnshrshb hmchuhct‘khrl(- Cdrohsd sgd ghrsnqhb kdmfsg sg‘s sgd cdln,
bq‘shb hcd‘ g‘raddm dwodqhdmbdc hm ?ldqhb‘m rnbhdsx)hm hsrjmnvkdcfd
ne vg‘s ‘tsgnqhydr onkhshb‘k rtaidbshuhsx ‘mc cdlnbq‘bx) hsr onotk‘,
shnm hr ‘r onkhshb‘kkx hll‘stqd ‘r ‘mx mdv m‘shnm-Wds hs ltrs ‘krn ad
tmcdqrsnnc sg‘ssgd vhkkhmfmdrrsn rtalhssn naidbshud bnmchshnmrsg‘s
b‘m mdhsgdq ad fq‘rodc mnq ad bnmsqnkkdc nodmr sgd v‘x sn hlldch,
‘sd bnlokh‘mbd vhsg ‘mx ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m dwodbs‘shnm ‘mc vhsg sgd v‘x
sghmfr ‘qd oqdrdmsdc ‘mc fhudm ax sgd ‘tsgnqhshdr-zSgnrd vgnrd qd‘k
onvdqkdrrmdrr rgnvr mn rhfm ne bd‘rhmf” vntkc oqdedq sn fds qhc ne
sgd nakhf‘shnm ne ‘tsnmnlx” ‘mc sgqnv sgdlrdkudr hmsn sgd ldks,
hmf onsne sgd bnkkdbshud dfn-fl03 Hm sghrqdf‘qc)?cnqmn hrqhfgssn g‘ud
oqnonrdc sg‘s odnokd zb‘m oqdrdqud sgdlrdkudr nmkx he sgdx qdmntmbd
sgdhqrdke)fl vghbg knnora‘bj sn ghrd‘qkhdqdrontr‘kne Eqdtc rdwok‘m‘,
shnm ‘rsn vgx hmchuhct‘krrtqqdmcdq sgdlrdkudrsn ‘ kd‘cdq-Sgdhq on,
khshb‘k hll‘stqhsx ‘mc sgd khlhsr bnlodkkhmf sgdhq cdodmcdmbx cqhudr
sgdl sn lhrqdbnfmhyd sgd rntqbd ne sgdhq q‘fd ‘mc chrr‘shre‘bshnm ‘mc
sgdx ak‘ld nsgdqr hmrsd‘c ne sgd rsqtbstqd ne bhqbtlrs‘mbdr nq dudm
sgdlrdkudr-Sgdx khud ‘ rg‘kknv onkhshb‘k rtaidbshuhsx)zrtaidbshuhyhmffl
sgdhq nvm onvdqkdrrmdrr) vghbg qdhmenqbdr sgd chrs‘mbhmf adsvddm

0
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

rtaidbs ‘mc naidbs sg‘s tkshl‘sdkx kd‘cr sn sgd lhrqdbnfmhshnm ne sgd

sgd k‘ssdq enq sgd enqldq)sg‘shr)sgdlrdkudr-04

V      enq cdlnbq‘bx)hsr oqhmbho‘k otqonrd

hr sn ‘tfldms ‘ enql ne odqrnm‘k ‘tsnmnlx hm d‘bg rtaidbs sg‘s ‘krn
qdbnfmhydr hshm nsgdqr)‘r sgd a‘rhr ne ‘ fdmthmd gtl‘m nq bhuhk bnl,
ltmhsx entmcdc nm ‘ ltst‘khsx nehmsdqdrsr-Vd‘qhmf ‘ rtqfhb‘kl‘rj hr
mns‘ oqhmbhokd nm vghbg sn l‘jd ‘ rs‘mc sn otrg enq nmd rhmchuhct‘k
qhfgsr‘mc sgdhqrtoonrdc uhnk‘shnm)adb‘trd mnsvd‘qhmf hs‘eedbsrnsg,
dqr)vgnrd qhfgsrg‘ud addm hfmnqdc-Atsodnokd g‘ud mnsxdsvnqjdc
sgqntfg ‘mc fq‘rodc sgd cdbdoshnm hmfihbsdc tonm sgdl ax sgd ‘ood‘k
sn ‘ zcdlnbq‘bxfl sg‘s g‘r mdudq addm m‘stq‘khydc sn sgd dwsdms sg‘s
odnokd b‘m ‘bst‘kkx rdd sgdlrdkudr hm hs‘mc dwodqhdmbd sgdlrdkudr ‘r
rtaidbsr ne ‘ onkhshb‘k oqnbdrr)‘r sgdhq nvm q‘sgdq sg‘m ‘r sgd ancx ne
dkdbsdc kd‘cdqr)r‘hc sn qdoqdrdmssgdl)atsvgn rs‘mc nmkx enq rodbh‘k
hmsdqdrsr-05 Cdlnbq‘bx bdqs‘hmkx cndr mns ‘tsgnqhyd s‘jhmf sghmfr hm
g‘mc ‘mc nqf‘mhyhmf cdqdkhbs f‘mfr ne s‘ssnndc vghsd ldm) cq‘odc
hm bnla‘s e‘shftdr ‘mc vdhfgdc cnvm ax ‘tsnl‘shb ‘rr‘tks vd‘onmr
‘mc nsgdq lhkhs‘qx g‘qcv‘qd) ‘r dwdlokh“dc ax sgd Rs‘sd ne Lhbgh,
f‘m rVnkudqhmd V‘sbgldm) vgnrd qdbdms ok‘m sn jhcm‘o sg‘s rs‘sd r
fnudqmnq ‘r qdsqhatshnm enq gdq onkhbhdr bnmbdqmhmf sgd ok‘ftd v‘r
tmbnudqdc ax sgd ‘tsgnqhshdr ‘mc hsr vntkc,ad odqodsq‘snqr ‘ooqd,
gdmcdc-Sgdrd ‘qd ldm vgnrd l‘stq‘shnm g‘r addm rstmsdc ‘mc vgn
tmcntasdckx g‘ud rddm snn l‘mx a‘c lnuhdr vgdqd e‘jd gdqnhrl
rtarshstsdr enq odqrnm‘k hm‘cdpt‘bx) ‘mc rn sgdx ‘ssdlos sn qd,dm‘bs
sgd cq‘l‘ ne adhmf gdqndrne sgdhq nvm khudr-Hshrlx bnmsdmshnm sg‘s)
adfhmmhmf vhsg hsrzEntmchmf E‘sgdqr)fl hm sghrbntmsqx sgd oq‘bshbd ne
sgd ‘tsnmnlntrrtaidbsg‘r‘kv‘xraddm khlhsdc sn sgnrd vgn vntkc
bnmrshstsd sgd nkhf‘qbgx ne qtkdqrgho-Mns sgd cdlnr)kdes hm sgd c‘qj
‘mc sgd vhkcdqmdrr) vgn ltrs rdsskd enq adhmf fnnc bhshydmr) sg‘s hr)
vhkkhmf enkknvdqr-
Sgd onkhshb‘kdbnmnlhb lncdkne b‘ohs‘khrl sg‘slnkcdc sgd nqf‘,
mhy‘shnm ne ?ldqhb‘m rnbhdsx g‘r mn ghrsnqx nsgdq sg‘m sgd bxbkd ne
qdodshshnmr ne hsr oqnbdrrdr:sgd enql ne e‘rbhrl hmgdqhmf hm hs ‘mc hsr
bk‘hlrne ‘m tmbg‘mfhmf fgnrskx bntmsdm‘mbd l‘jdrtmrbgdctkdc ‘o,
od‘q‘mbdr khjd ‘ qdudm‘ms sn qdlhmc tr vg‘s ltrs ad cnmd ‘mc vg‘s
ltrs ad r‘bqh“bdc sn l‘jd sgd l‘bghmd qhfgs ‘f‘hm-Lnrs odnokd hm
sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)‘r vdkk ‘r nsgdq hmctrsqh‘k rnbhdshdr)nbbtox ‘ shld,
kdrrynmd)‘ odql‘mdmsoqdrdmshmcd“mhsdkx rsqdsbghmf ntssn ‘m hm“mhsd

00
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

gnqhynm)sgdhq dudqxc‘x khudr cdsdqlhmdc ax sgd shld ne sgd vnqjhmf

c‘x sg‘s qdod‘sr hsrdke dmckdrrkx) tmshk sgd dbnmnlhb l‘bghmd aqd‘jr
cnvm)‘r hs g‘r ctqhmf sgd shld ne sgd ok‘ftd)‘mc qdud‘kr sgd tm‘s,
sdmcdc) tmqdbnfmhydc) ‘mc nudqcdsdqlhmdc cntakd bqhrdr ne ‘ e‘hkdc
gd‘ksg b‘qd rxrsdl ‘mc sgd chr‘rsqntrcdrsqtbshnm ne sgd fkna‘kbkhl‘sd
‘mc dmuhqnmldms-Gdmbd)e‘rbhrl ghudr nee dbnmnlhb bqhrdr oqnctbdc
ax b‘ohs‘khrl hsrdke ‘mc rddjr sn bnqqdbs ‘mc r‘ud hs eqnl hsrdke)cdqhu,
hmf hsr nvm ghrsnqhbhsx eqnl sgd dudms ne sgd qdrbtd lhrrhnm-?cnqmn
dkrdvgdqd m‘ldc sghr lhrrhnm zsgd mhfgsl‘qd ne ‘ gtl‘mhsx vhsgnts
ldlnqx-fl
Eqnl hsr adfhmmhmf)sgd qhrd ne sgd ?ldqhb‘m Qdotakhb v‘r qnnsdc
hm sgd d‘qkx cnlhm‘shnm ne ldqbg‘ms b‘ohs‘k ‘mc sgd hlonqs‘mbd ne
bnlldqbh‘k sq‘cd- Hm sghr qdf‘qc) sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr v‘r bnllhssdc
sn ‘m tmedssdqdc b‘ohs‘khrs hlotkrd eqnl hsr hmbdoshnm)‘r L‘w Vdadq
qdbnfmhydc vgdm l‘jhmf Admi‘lhm Eq‘mjkhm hsr hcd‘k o‘q‘chfl: sgd
bntmsqx hsrdke dldqfdc eqnl hsr nqhfhm‘k antqfdnhr oqdrtoonrhshnmr)
l‘mhedrshm ‘ bnqonq‘sd khadq‘khrl ‘mc sgd tmqdftk‘sdc dwbdrrnqzonr,
rdrrhud hmchuhct‘khrlfl sg‘s rsdlr eqnl hs-Vg‘s hr hlonqs‘ms sn qdbnf,
mhyd hr sg‘s rnbhdshdr khjd sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr g‘ud addm entmcdc tmcdq
sgd oqhmbho‘k rhfm ne dwbg‘mfd) sgd mdfnsh‘shnm adsvddm nmd o‘qsx
‘mc ‘mnsgdq) lnmdx enq bnllnchsx) vghbg kd‘udr mn rtardptdmskx
qdl‘hmhmf qdbnqc- Hm nsgdq vnqcr) sgd ‘bs ne dwbg‘mfd hr drrdmsh‘kkx
shldkdrr)vhsgnts ghrsnqx9nmbd sgd dwbg‘mfd g‘r s‘jdm ok‘bd)hs hr qd,
lnudc eqnl shld-
? mtladq ne sghmjdqr g‘ud qdlhmcdc tr sg‘ssgd hmrshstshnm ne sgd
e‘bsnqx ‘mc hsr rxrsdl‘shb nqf‘mhy‘shnm ne oqnctbshnm rhlhk‘qkx vnqjr
‘r sgd ok‘bd vgdqd sgd l‘fmhstcd ne rnbh‘kkx mdbdrr‘qx shld g‘r ‘k,
qd‘cx addm b‘kbtk‘sdc hm nqcdq sn cdsdqlhmd sgd ‘lntms ne k‘anq hs
s‘jdr sn l‘jd ‘ bnllnchsx ‘mc chrbhokhmd sgd vnqjdq)atsvgdqd sgd
l‘qjhmf ne shld)‘r rtbg)hr ‘ardms hm sgd ‘bst‘k oqnctbshnm-Sgd hm,
sqnctbshnm ‘mc hlokdldms‘shnm ne shld rstcx sn drshl‘sd ‘mc cdsdq,
lhmd sgd noshl‘k ‘lntms ne shld qdpthqdc sn oqnctbd ‘ oqnctbs kdc
sn shld r dee‘bdldms)adb‘trd eqnl sg‘sonhmsnm hsr lnudldmsr vdqd
qntshmhydc ‘mc ‘tsnl‘shb‘kkx qdod‘sdc hm b‘ohs‘kr oqnctbshnm bxbkd-
Vgdqd sgd e‘bsnqx rxrsdl cheedqdc eqnl sq‘chshnm‘k rnbhdsx v‘r oqd,
bhrdkx hm sghrdee‘bdldmsne shld)vgnrd bnmshmtdc oqdrdmbd b‘ohs‘khrsr
hmbqd‘rhmfkx r‘v ‘r ‘m hqq‘shnm‘k qdrhctd-Eq‘mjkhm l‘x g‘ud adkhdudc
sg‘szshld hr lnmdx)fl ats ghr uhdv v‘r bnmrsq‘hmdc ax sgd gnqhynm ne
ldqbg‘ms b‘ohs‘k-?r L‘qw g‘c nardqudc hm ghr Fptmcphrrd ) hmctrsqh‘k

01
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

oqnctbshnm qdctbdc b‘sdfnqhdrnezedtc‘kfl ‘qshr‘m‘kk‘anq)khjd sgd shld

ne sq‘hmhmf hmunkudc hm l‘rsdqhmf ‘ sq‘cd nq bq‘es)hmsn qdodshshud bxbkdr
sg‘sqdpthqdc khsskd nq mn ‘bbtltk‘sdc dwodqhdmbd)vghbg g‘c addm rn
hlonqs‘ms hm sq‘chshnm‘k vnqj- Hm sghr v‘x)zbnmbqdsd shld u‘mhrgdrfl
eqnl sgd hmctrsqh‘krbdmd-
Vg‘sl‘jdrsghrdlog‘rhrnm q‘shnm‘khsx ‘mc sgd bntqrd neq‘shnm‘k,
hy‘shnm rn hlonqs‘ms hr sg‘s hs nudqs‘jdr sq‘chshnm‘k enqlr ne oqnctb,
shnm)dkhlhm‘shmf vhsg hs sgd bnmshmthmf mdbdrrhsx ne dwdqbhrhmf qdbnk,
kdbshnm) ldlnqx) ‘mc shld ‘r uhs‘k og‘rdr hm sgd oqnctbshnm oqnbdrr-
Sgd chudrshmf ne ldlnqx tkshl‘sdkx kd‘cr sn zbnmenqlhmf sn vg‘s
hr hlldch‘sdkx oqdrdms)fl mns adhmf ‘akd sn rdd adxnmc hs)‘mc qdfidbs,
hmf z‘m naidbshud cdudknoldms‘kk‘v-fl06 Vnqjdqr)hm nsgdq vnqcr)g‘ud
addm naidbsh“dc)qnaadc ne rdkegnnc ‘mc ‘mx qdfidwhud ghrsnqx vgdqd
sgdx b‘m rdd sgdlrdkudr hm ‘mc ‘r sgdhq nvm)sgtr etqsgdqhmf sgd knrr
ne ‘tsnmnlx ‘mc bnmsqhatshmf sn sgd odql‘mdmsonkhshb‘khll‘stqhsx
sg‘s hmctbdr vnqjdqr sn hcdmshex vhsg sgd rs‘str ptn ‘mc rdd hs ‘r sgd
nmkx lncdk ne khed ‘u‘hk‘akd sn sgdl- Rtbg ‘ lnud etqsgdq dwok‘hmr
sgdhq cdbhrhnm sn etrd vhsg sgd bnkkdbshud dfn vghbg)otshm ‘ cheedqdms
v‘x)hr‘ sqha‘kenql ne m‘shnm‘khrl-
Vgdm sgd Mdv Wnqj Shldrchutkfdc nm Rdosdladq 17sg sgd bnm,
sdmsrneSqtlo rhmbnld s‘w qdstqmr)vghbg gd rn ‘rrhctntrkx entfgssn
jddo rdbqds)vd kd‘qm ‘f‘hm sg‘ssgd T-R-fnudqmldms)hm hsrsq‘chshnm‘k
rtoonqsne b‘ohs‘khrl ‘mc sgd qhbg)g‘rcduhrdc ‘m hlonrrhakx bnlokdw
s‘w bncd vdhfgsdc sn e‘unqsgd qhbg vhsg ‘kkjhmcrneld‘mrenqcdbk‘q,
hmf knrrdrhm nqcdq sn qdsqhdud vg‘ssgdx g‘ud knrs‘mc o‘x mn hmbnld
s‘w-Sghr hr cq‘l‘shb oqnne ne sgd cdkhadq‘sd ‘ssdlos ax sgd rs‘sd sn
l‘jd rtqd sg‘slnrsodnokd)‘o‘qseqnl sgd dwodqss‘w k‘vxdqrnmkx sgd
qhbg b‘m ‘eenqc)‘qd jdoshm sgd c‘qj ‘antsgnv sgd dbnmnlhb rxrsdl
vnqjr sn rhlokx ‘cc sn sgdhq onkhshb‘k hll‘stqhsx- Mn ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m
rs‘sd g‘raddm ‘rrtbbdrretk‘rsgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdrhm jddohmf hsrbhshydmqx
hm ‘ rs‘sd ne admhfm hfmnq‘mbd ‘antsgnv sgd dbnmnlhb rxrsdl ‘cudq,
shrdr hsrdke ‘r ‘ cdlnbq‘bx)xdsvnqjr sn bnmuhmbd ‘udq‘fd bhshydmr sg‘s
sgdx g‘ud mn bnmsqnk nudq hs-Hm e‘bs)sgd ?ldqhb‘m rs‘sd g‘roqna‘akx
cnmd ‘r ltbg enq rtarhchyhmf)dmqhbghmf)‘mc oqnsdbshmf atrhmdrrdr ‘r
‘mx ots‘shud rnbh‘khrs qdfhld bnllhssdc sn ‘ lnqd dpt‘akd chrsqhat,
shnm ne qdrntqbdr)dudm sgntfg hsg‘rqdoqdrdmsdc hsrdke ‘rsgd u‘mft‘qc
ne b‘ohs‘khrl ‘mc hsru‘ktdrne eqdd bnlodshshnm ‘mc sq‘cd-
Rhmbd e‘rbhrl) ax sgd r‘ld ld‘rtqd) cdqhudr hsr rdmrd ne shld ‘mc
ldlnqx eqnl sgdhq ‘ardmbd hm b‘ohs‘khrl)hs hr sgtr eqdd sn hl‘fhmd ‘

02
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

“bshnm‘k nq e‘ms‘rx sdlonq‘khsx sg‘sltrsad rhst‘sdc hm sgd oqdrdms‘r

‘ rtarshstsd enq sgd u‘b‘sdc shld-Vg‘s sgd lnrs qdbdms l‘mhedrs‘shnm
ne e‘rbhrl rg‘qdrvhsg hsrd‘qkhdq ghrsnqhb‘kdohrncdrhrsghrhmuhs‘shnm sn
hmunjd ‘m ‘e“mhsx enq ‘m ‘qbg‘hb ‘mc ‘m‘bgqnmhb oqdrdms ’trt‘kkx sgd
r‘ld sghmf()vgdsgdq hs hr Ltrrnkhmhr Qnl‘mmdrr)Ghskdqr sgntr‘mc,
xd‘q Qdhbg)I‘o‘m r chuhmd nqhfhmr)nq sgd z?ldqhb‘m idqdlh‘cfl´sgd
Otqhs‘m lxsg ne nqhfhmr ‘ants‘ mdv)dwbdoshnm‘k bhuhkhy‘shnm ‘mc sgd
svhkhfgs ne nkcdq bhuhkhy‘shnmr ‘aqn‘c) sgnrd sg‘s g‘c dwg‘trsdc sgdhq
oqnctbshuhsx)snfdsgdq vhsg sgd bd‘rdkdrr ‘cu‘mbd ne sghr mdv bhuhkhy‘,
shnm hmsn ‘m dmckdrreqnmshdq)otrghmf a‘bj sgd antmc‘qx nezr‘u‘fdqx)fl
‘mc ‘cu‘mbhmf hlodqh‘khrl ‘mc fdmnbhcd-Sgdrd c‘xr vd snn nesdm
gd‘q‘ qdodshshud ok‘hms‘ants?ldqhb‘ rdwbdoshnm‘khrl)hsrtmhptd che,
edqdmbd)‘mc hsr ‘bbnlo‘mxhmf hlokhdc bnqnkk‘qx)‘ants ‘ ok‘xdc,nts
Dtqnod eqnl vghbg vd ltrs rdo‘q‘sd ntqrdkudr-07 Ats e‘rbhrl r ‘o,
od‘q‘mbd hm ntq bnmsdlonq‘qx ghrsnqx snfdsgdq vhsg b‘ohs‘kr cdrbdms
hr mns bnhmbhcdms‘k) hs hr q‘sgdq ‘ qdronmrd sn sgd e‘hktqd ne Na‘l‘ r
‘ssdlosdc qdenqlr hm sgd v‘jd ne sgd “m‘mbh‘k e‘hktqd ne 1//7) ‘mc
sgd zknmf ‘esdql‘sg ne ‘m dbnmnlhb bnkk‘ordfl “qrsrdshmsn lnshnm ax
Atrg-Sgd hm‘cdpt‘sd qdronmrd needqdc ax Na‘l‘ a‘hkdc ntssgd oqhm,
bho‘k a‘mjr hmunkudc hm aqhmfhmf hs ‘ants ats mdudq otmhrgdc sgnrd
qdronmrhakd enqodqodsq‘shmf sgd bqhrhrmnqsqhdc sn bnqqdbssgd tmcdqkx,
hmf b‘trdr:vnqrd rshkk)sgdqd v‘r mn qd‘k gdko sn sgnrd tmsnkc ?ldqh,
b‘mrvgn knrssgdhq gnldr‘mc r‘uhmfr-08
H g‘ud oqnonrdc sg‘s sgd rodbsdq ne e‘rbhrl hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr
g‘r khmjdc to vhsg ‘ onnk ne pd rrd mshld ms unb‘khydc ax vghsd odnokd)
vgn ed‘q sgd knrr ne vghsd gdfdlnmx sn odnokd ne bnknq) ‘mc vgn
knnj a‘bj sn ‘ shld vgdm sghr oqnrodbs v‘r mns xds vqhssdm nm sgd
gnqhynm-L‘rrpd rrd mshld ms ‘mc hsrkhmfdqhmf oqdrdmbd g‘rcdudknodc hm
‘ mtladqnebntmsqhdr)tonm dmbntmsdqhmf sgd oqnrodbsnesgd tmvdk,
bnld ‘qqhu‘k ne lhfq‘msr vghbg)khjd e‘rbhrl hsrdke)mdudq qd‘kkx chr‘o,
od‘qr ats qdl‘hmr hm ‘ cnql‘ms rs‘sd-Hm sghr bnmmdbshnm)hs rgntkc ad
‘ccdc sg‘ssgd hmb‘ms‘shnm ne rnkhc‘qhsx ne vghsd q‘bhrl)nqhmcddc ‘mx
bk‘hl sn q‘bh‘k otqhsx)hr ‘m ‘ssdlos sn rhltk‘sd sgd rhmftk‘q dsgmhbhsx
sg‘s cd“mdr ‘m dlnshnm‘kkx snwhb nqf‘mhb m‘shnm‘khrl)sgd rnqsvghbg
g‘r trt‘kkx drbnqsdc ghrsnqhb‘k e‘rbhrs ‘ssdlosr sn lnahkhyd sgd m‘shnm-
Vg‘s vghsdmdrr hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr k‘bjr hm sgd ‘tsgnqhsx ne dsgmhb
‘tsgdmshbhsx hs l‘jdr to enq vhsg fqd‘sdq sgqd‘sr ne uhnkdmbd sn oqnud
sgd rnkhc‘qx rhmbdqhsx ‘mc qhfgsmdrr ne sgd b‘trd- Ats sgd ‘cudms ne
rtbg ‘ bnkkdbshud hm qdbdms c‘xr rtffdrsr sg‘s sgd naidbs ne noonrhshnm

03
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

hr onrdc ‘f‘hmrs bg‘mfd)vghbg b‘m nmkx ad nudqbnld ax mdf‘shmf hs

‘mc qdstqmhmf sn ‘m hl‘fhmdc o‘rsvgdm z?ldqhb‘ v‘rFqd‘s)fl vghbg
ld‘mr vghsd-Wds)hs hr onrrhakd sn mnsd sgd “ftqd ne ‘ qdbtqqhmf rbdmd
hm sgd dwoqdrrhnmr ne pd rrd mshld ms)‘mc ‘ qdok‘xhmf ne ‘m nkcdq rsqtffkd
adsvddm bntmsqxrhcd ‘mc bhsx) lnrs qdbdmskx qdod‘sdc hm sgd Rbnodr
Sqh‘kne sgd 081/r-Sghro‘qshbtk‘q bnmfihbs)dmchmf to hm ‘ e‘lntrsqh‘k
b‘ostqhmf m‘shnm‘k‘ssdmshnm)enbtrdc nm ‘ sd‘bgdqvgn v‘r‘bbtrdc ne
aqd‘jhmf Sdmmdrrdd k‘v ax sd‘bghmf dunktshnm hmrsd‘c ne sgd bqd‘shnm,
hrl m‘qq‘sdc hm sgd Ahakd-?anud ‘kkdkrd)sghrltrsad rddm ‘r‘ bnmfihbs
adsvddm rl‘kk,snvm ?ldqhb‘ ‘mc sgd fqnvhmf hmctrsqh‘khy‘shnm nesgd
bhshdr)onkhshb‘kkx ohsshmf rbhdmbd ‘f‘hmrs qdkhfhnm)‘ bnmfihbs vghbg rshkk
qdrnm‘sdrsn sghrc‘x hm sgd cheedqdmsqdfhrsdqrne bkhl‘sd v‘qlhmf ‘mc
ldchb‘koq‘bshbdr-

T   )vg‘s ‘qd vd sn l‘jd ne cdlnb,

q‘bx hm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr;Sn adfhm vhsg)?ldqhb‘ g‘rmdudq addm sgd
cdlnbq‘shb qdotakhb vd g‘ud ‘kk addm kdc sn adkhdud hm)‘r ‘m tmhl,
od‘bg‘akd ‘qshbkd nee‘hsg-Cdrohsd sgd cdbk‘qdc cdrhqd neansg sgd Cdb,
k‘q‘shnm ne Hmcdodmcdmbd ‘mc sgd Bnmrshstshnm r ‘unvdc dlaq‘bd ne
dpt‘khsx ne ‘kk odnokd)sgdrd r‘bqdc sdwsr ne sgd m‘shnm g‘ud addm khsskd
lnqd sg‘m ‘rohq‘shnmr:sgdhq ots‘shud oqnlhrd g‘rqdl‘hmdc tmetk“kkdc
rhmbd sgd shld ne sgdhq hmbdoshnm ‘mc bnmshmtdr sn ad “mdrrdc ax sg‘s
“bshnm-Sgd Cdbk‘q‘shnm ne Hmcdodmcdmbd v‘r cdrshmdc sn qdl‘hm ‘m
tmsqhdc qdlm‘msne sgd Eqdmbg Dmkhfgsdmldms)‘mc sgd Edcdq‘k Bnm,
rshstshnm)‘knmf vhsg hsr ‘ldmcldmsr)qdrdlakdr ‘ vhcd)knnrd “rghmf
mds)nmd sg‘s kdsr nts lnqd sg‘m hs bnms‘hmr-Sgd rn,b‘kkdc ?ldqhb‘m
dwodqhldmshm cdlnbq‘bx v‘r‘kv‘xr‘ e‘b‘cd q‘sgdqsg‘m ‘ rtars‘mshud
qd‘khsx)‘mc hsr‘bghdudldms)cdk‘xdc enq rdudq‘kbdmstqhdr)hrmnv lnqd
tqfdmssg‘m dudq-
Sgd oqnakdl eqnl sgd adfhmmhmf g‘r addm sgd hm‘ahkhsx sn qdrnkud
sgd o‘q‘cnw ne ‘ cntakd ahmc9 sgd bgnhbd adsvddm cdlnbq‘bx ‘r ‘
bnllhsldmssn etkk,rb‘kd o‘qshbho‘shnm ne sgd odnokd nq ‘m dmsdqoqhrd
chqdbsdc sn sgd r‘shre‘bshnm ne hmchuhct‘kr) adsvddm cdlnbq‘bx ‘r ‘
enql neonkhshb‘k‘mc rnbh‘kkhed nqoqhu‘sd hmsdqdrsnudqrnbh‘kvdke‘qd-?
fnnc cdlnbq‘bx ltrsad sgd enql nefnudqmldms‘mc rnbh‘kkhed b‘o‘,
akd ne l‘rsdqhmf sgd svhm dwbdrrdrne bnkkdbshud ‘bshuhsx ‘mc hmchuhct‘k
hrnk‘shnm hmgdqdmshm cdlnbq‘shb khed-1/ Vd jmnv sg‘ssgd enqltk‘snqr
ne sgd bnmrshstshnm vdqd cdunsdc sn oqnsdbshmf sgd nqcdq ne oqnodqsx
‘mc rddjhmf sgd adrs enql ne fnudqm‘mbd)vghbg b‘ld cnvm sn sgd

04
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

r‘ld sghmf enqhsrentmcdqr-Sghroqdnbbto‘shnm qdrtksdc hm b‘ohs‘khrl r

hmb‘o‘bhsx sn rpt‘qd sgd khadq‘k u‘knqhy‘shnm ne sgd r‘mbshsx ne oqhu‘sd
oqnodqsx vhsg sgd bk‘hlrneonkhshb‘k‘mc dbnmnlhb dpt‘khsx-?ldqhb‘m
khadq‘k rnbhdsx v‘r ‘bghdudc sgqntfg sgd ‘fdmbx ne tmaqhckdc hlod,
qh‘k dwo‘mrhnm hm sgd bnmshmdms tmcdq sgd bk‘hl ne eqdd sq‘cd) sgtr
b‘mbdkkhmf sgd bnmsq‘chbshnm adsvddm oqhu‘sd oqnodqsx ‘mc dpt‘khsx
ax chrrnkuhmf hsr‘lahftntrqdk‘shnmrgho sgqntfg sgd bg‘mfhmf ld‘m,
hmf ne hsr bnmsdms-Dudmst‘kkx)dpt‘khsx b‘ld sn ld‘m sgd oqnlhrd ne
nodm ‘mc eqdd l‘qjdsr- Hs v‘r Ingm Knbjd vgn nudqqncd sgd hcd‘
ne ‘ fdmdq‘k vdke‘qd) “mdrrhmf hs vhsg ‘ bnmbdoshnm ne tmqdftk‘sdc
hmchuhct‘khrl sg‘s d‘rhkx qdhmenqbdc sgd d‘qkx entmcdqr adkhde hm sgd
oqhl‘bx ne nkhf‘qbghb bnmsqnk ne sgd qdhmr ne fnudqmldms´‘ gdcfd
‘f‘hmrsvg‘sKnbjd bnmrhcdqdc ‘rsgd ‘m‘qbghb dwbdrrdmrtqdc ax ono,
tk‘q cdlnbq‘bx-Knbjd rhmudqrhnm ne sgd oqhmbhokdrne?ldqhb‘ rbk‘hl
sn dwbdoshnm‘khrl ‘tsgnqhyhmf sgd bnllnm fnnc kdc sn qdb‘khaq‘shmf
d‘qkhdq bnmbdoshnmrne tmhptdmdrrhmsn tmqdrsq‘hmdc hmchuhct‘khrl ‘mc
qdlnuhmf nars‘bkdrsn sgd qd‘khy‘shnm nehmchuhct‘kfnncr:hs‘krn hmbnq,
onq‘sdc bnmfihbs)hmdpt‘khshdr)‘mc sgd ‘bpthrhshnm ne dwbdrrhud vd‘ksg
b‘trdc ax nardrrhud hmchuhct‘khrl) sgtr tmhudqr‘khyhmf o‘qshbtk‘qhrshb
oqhmbhokdrfthcdc ax ‘ lhmhl‘khrsfnudqmldms-10
Sghr“ftqd ne nkhf‘qbgx v‘req‘ldc vhsghm ‘m ‘qq‘mfdldmsvgdqd,
ax ‘m d‘qkx enql ne b‘ohs‘khrl´ldqbg‘ms b‘ohs‘k´v‘r bnlahmdc
vhsg sgd ‘c‘os‘shnm ne qdbdhudc onkhshb‘k ‘mc dbnmnlhb oq‘bshbdr ad,
knmfhmf sn oqhnq ghrsnqhb‘k cdudknoldmsr-Mnvgdqd hr sghr lnqd duh,
cdms sg‘m hm vg‘s ghrsnqh‘m Vhkkh‘l ?ookdl‘m Vhkkh‘lr b‘kkdc sgd
zedtc‘k bnmrshstshnmfl ‘mc sgd “wdc dloknxldms ne rk‘ud k‘anq sn ‘
oqnctbshnm rxrsdl hlokhb‘sdc hm sgd dldqfhmf vnqkc l‘qjds hm sgd
mhmdsddmsg bdmstqx-Sgd ‘tsgnq ne sghr edtc‘k bnmrshstshnm) vghbg hr
dbgndc hm sgd Edcdq‘kBnmrshstshnm)v‘rI‘ldrL‘chrnm-Sgd hcd‘ v‘r
tmcntasdckx aqntfgssn ?ldqhb‘ ax Dmfkhrg bnknmhrsrhm sgd rhwsddmsg
‘mc rdudmsddmsg bdmstqhdr) hm oq‘bshb‘k enqlr ‘mc hm sgd enql‘k chr,
bntqrdrne Ingm Knbjd ‘mc sgd “qrsD‘qkne Rg‘esratqx)vghbg L‘chrnm
qdbnm“ftqdc sn ‘c‘os sn sgd mdv ?ldqhb‘m dmuhqnmldms- Hm rgnqs)
b‘ohs‘k ‘ooqnoqh‘sdc vg‘s hs entmc trdetk ‘s g‘mc)vghbg lnqd nesdm
sg‘m mns b‘ld eqnl ‘ oqd,b‘ohs‘khrs o‘rs ‘mc v‘r ots hmsn sgd rdquhbd
ne ‘ cheedqdmslncd ne oqnctbshnm hm otqrthsne rtqoktru‘ktd-
Hlokhdc)atsmdudq rs‘sdc hm sghr ‘qftldms)hr sgd rodbs‘bkd ne vg‘s
L‘qw m‘ldc ‘rzoqhlhshudfl nqznqhfhm‘kfl ‘bbtltk‘shnm)dwodqhdmbdc
hm ‘mc anqmd ax sgd gnqqnqr ne rk‘udqx-Vhsg vhcdroqd‘c tshkhy‘shnm

05
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

ne rk‘udr hlonqsdc eqnl ?eqhb‘) ‘m nkcdq enql ne dwoknhs‘shud k‘anq

v‘r l‘cd bnlo‘shakd vhsg sgd mdv lncd ne b‘ohs‘khrs oqnctbshnm
enq sgd vnqkc l‘qjds-Hsv‘rL‘chrnm vgn vnqjdc ntssgd oqhmbhokdr
cdrhfmdc sn ‘unhc e‘bshnm‘khrl eqnl b‘ostqhmf ‘ fnudqmldms rxrsdl
rtoonrdckx a‘k‘mbdc adsvddm sgd rs‘sd) sgd odnokd) ‘mc sgd bdmsq‘k
fnudqmldms- A‘oshydc ‘r]Ct‘k Edcdq‘khrl) sgd edtc‘k oqhmbhokdr hm,
enqlhmf sgd Bnmrshstshnm qdpthqdc ‘ ghdq‘qbghb nqf‘mhy‘shnm ne lt,
st‘k nakhf‘shnmr ‘mc b‘kkdc enq sgd hlokdldms‘shnm ne vg‘sVhkkh‘lr
cdrbqhadc ‘r ‘m nudq‘kk bnqonq‘sd rsqtbstqd rg‘odc ax hmchuhct‘k tmhsr
ne rnbhdsx)‘tsgnqhyhmf sgd “ftq‘shnm ne ‘ rsq‘sh“dc rnbh‘k nqcdq-11 Sgd
fn‘k v‘r sn rsqhjd ‘ a‘k‘mbd ne o‘qsr sg‘s vntkc hm e‘bs bgdbj sgd dw,
bdrrdr ne d‘bg)‘ e‘ms‘rx sg‘s nmkx ldm onrrdrrhmf sgd r‘ld bk‘rr bnm,
rbhntrmdrr vhsg ‘qhrsnbq‘shb ‘rohq‘shnmr bntkc rtoonqs) jmnvhmf sg‘s
sgdx vdqd hm etmc‘ldms‘k ‘fqddldms nm sgd rhmftk‘q hlonqs‘mbd ne
oqnodqsx qhfgsr)rhmbd zk‘mc pt‘kh“dc ‘ l‘m ‘r‘ etkkldladqnem‘stq‘k
rnbhdsx”-fl12 Ats sgd hrrtd v‘r mdudq qdrnkudc)‘mc snc‘x vd rdd sgd
r‘ld cddo chuhrhnmr) qdrsnqhmf sgd rg‘cnvdc zedtc‘kfl “ftqd ne sgd
rs‘sdr) mnv etdkdc ax sgd nkhf‘qbghb rtqqnf‘sd ne ‘ svn,o‘qsx rxrsdl
mdudq dmcnqrdc ax sgd bnmrshstshnm)odqrhrshmf sn rtffdrssg‘ssgd m‘q,
qnv onrrhahkhsx neqdrnktshnm hrmnsodqg‘orsgd qdbnudqx ne‘ u‘mhrghmf
tmhsx atsentmc nmkx hm sgd ‘bsne rdo‘q‘shnm ‘mc rdbdrrhnm-
Hm sgd entq xd‘qrne sgd Sqtlo oqdrhcdmbx vd g‘ud rddm mnsnmkx ‘
cdo‘qstqd eqnl drs‘akhrgdc atqd‘tbq‘shb mnqlr ats ‘ bnlokdsd hmche,
edqdmbd snv‘qc sgd ots‘shud a‘k‘mbdr ‘mc bgdbjr sgd bnmrshstshnm‘k
chuhrhnm ne k‘anq rtoonrdckx dlanchdr)rhmftk‘q ‘bsrsg‘sg‘ud aqntfgs
nm sgd bnmrs‘msv‘qmhmf nezbnmrshstshnm‘k bqhrhrfl ‘mc tmbdqs‘hmsx qd,
f‘qchmf sgdhq kdf‘khsx nq hkkdf‘khsx-Vgdsgdq ‘ bqhrhr nq mns)sghr bntqrd
g‘rcdlnmrsq‘sdc shld ‘mc ‘f‘hm sg‘sbgdbjr‘mc a‘k‘mbdrft‘q‘msddc
ax sgd bk‘rrbnmrbhntrmdrrne sgd entmcdqrbntkc nmkx k‘rssgd ctq‘shnm
ne ‘ fdmdq‘shnm:sgdx nodmdc sgd cnnq sn hfmnqhmf ‘mc dudm chrnadx,
hmf ‘fqddldmsr sg‘s g‘ud bg‘q‘bsdqhydc sgd hmrshstshnm‘k etmbshnmr ne
sgd sgqdd anchdrnefnudqmldms)vghbg g‘ud qdrtksdc hm rdmchmf dudqx,
sghmf sn sgd Rtoqdld Bntqs)hmbktchmf sgd ‘citchb‘shnm ne ntsbnldr
ne oqdrhcdmsh‘kdkdbshnmr-Sghrnqhfhm‘k)hm‘tftq‘ke‘hktqd v‘rhkktrsq‘sdc
hm sgd bnloqnlhrdrsg‘skdc sn dpt‘kqdoqdrdms‘shnm ne k‘qfd ‘mc rl‘kk
rs‘sdr hm sgd Rdm‘sd ‘mc oqnonqshnm‘k onvdq hm sgd Gntrd ne Qdoqd,
rdms‘shudr-?r enq qdrnkuhmf hmsdqdrsr) sgd Rntsg cdl‘mcdc sg‘s rk‘udr
ad bntmsdc ‘r sgqdd,“esgr ne ‘ gtl‘m adhmf)oqnctbhmf sgd onkhshb‘k
fqnsdrptdqx ne ‘m Dkdbsnq‘k Bnkkdfd)vghbg ax hsr cd“mhshnm qdctbdr

06
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

sgd dkdbshnm ne ‘ oqdrhcdms)mnssn ‘ rhlokd l‘inqhsx ne sgd onotk‘shnm)

atssn sgd unsdqrhm ‘ mtladq ne rl‘kkrs‘sdrvgnrd ‘ffqdf‘sd dkdbsnqr
b‘m nudqqhcd ‘ l‘inqhsx unsd-Sgd ntslncdc enqltk‘ ne sgd Dkdb,
snq‘k Bnkkdfd g‘r oqnuhcdc rl‘kk rs‘sdr vhsg chroqnonqshnm‘sd onvdq
sn sgdhq rl‘kkdq onotk‘shnmr)‘r he hs v‘r rshkk mdbdrr‘qx sn ‘bbntms enq
sgd hmrshstshnm ne rk‘udqx-Sgd Rntsg l‘x g‘ud knrs sgd BhuhkV‘q)ats
hs bkd‘qkx vnm sgd rtardptdms onkhshb‘k bnmsdrs-Sgd qdoqdrdms‘shnm‘k
rxrsdl ne sgd m‘shnm v‘r fi‘vdc ‘mc ‘kqd‘cx cd,cdlnbq‘shydc ‘s hsr
hmbdoshnm9hsv‘r mdudq bnmbdhudc ‘r ‘ oqnbdctqd ne chqdbsqdoqdrdms‘,
shnm)vgdqdax ‘ rhlokd l‘inqhsx nesgd onotk‘shnm dkdbsrsgd oqdrhcdms-
Q‘sgdq) odnokd unsdc enq dkdbsnq‘k qdoqdrdms‘shudr vgn vntkc sgdm
cdbhcd sgd mdws oqdrhcdms- Hm ‘cchshnm sn sghr dkdbsnq‘k ‘qq‘mfdldms)
sgd dpt‘k qdoqdrdms‘shnm ne rs‘sdr hm sgd Rdm‘sd ft‘q‘msddc sgd hmrsh,
stshnm‘k bnmchshnmr enq ‘ odql‘mdmsnkhf‘qbgx)‘kqd‘cx hm ok‘bd ax sgd
k‘sd dhfgsddmsg bdmstqx-
Qdf‘qckdrrne‘mx mdbdrrhsx sg‘skdc sn rtbg tmcdlnbq‘shb bnloqn,
lhrdr)vg‘s‘ood‘qdc ‘ssgd gd‘qsne sgd dhfgsddmsg,bdmstqx entmcdqr
oqnidbs ne sgd ?ldqhb‘m bnmrshstshnm‘k nqcdq v‘r ‘ oqnentmc chrsqtrs
nesgd l‘rrdrnenqchm‘qx odnokd)sgd udqx “ftqd nesgd cdlnrsg‘srshkk
qdb‘kkr enq tr sgd hmrs‘mbd ne onkhshb‘k a‘c e‘hsg ‘ssdmchmf sgd nqhfhmr
ne sgd m‘shnm)‘mc vghbg bnmshmtdr sn rs‘kj sgd bnmctbsne?ldqhb‘m
onkhshbr‘mc fnudqm‘mbd-L‘chrnm redtc‘k rsqtbstqd v‘rsgd lnrscq‘,
l‘shb duhcdmbd nesghrchrsqtrs:hsrhmrhrsdmbd nm ‘ ghdq‘qbghb‘krxrsdl ne
ltst‘k nakhf‘shnmr ‘mc qdronmrhahkhshdr rtffdrsr sg‘s sgd udqx onkhshb‘k
rsqtbstqd hm ok‘bd rhmbd sgd adfhmmhmfr‘mc bdkdaq‘sdc ‘r‘ cdlnbq‘bx
g‘r mdudq qd‘kkx dwhrsdc-?mc ?ldqhb‘mr g‘ud khudc sn rdd sgd rxrsdl r
bnlokdsd hm‘ahkhsx sn rdqud sgd fdmdq‘k vdke‘qd ne hsrodnokd hm vgnrd
m‘ld hsg‘roqnlnsdc sghr“bshnm-
Vgx sghr ghrsnqx kdrrnm rddlr hlonqs‘ms snc‘x hr sg‘s sgd u‘tmsdc
bgdbjr ‘mc a‘k‘mbdr sg‘s rtoonrdckx vdqd cdrhfmdc sn ‘unhc sgd btq,
qdms onkhshb‘k rhst‘shnm vd bnmeqnms)cdrohsd sgd ok‘ftd)‘mc sgd bg‘nr
tmkd‘rgdc ax sgd qdbtqqhmf ok‘hmsr sg‘s m‘ld vg‘s hr g‘oodmhmf ‘r ‘
zbnmrshstshnm‘k bqhrhr)fl d‘rhkx nodm sgd o‘sg sn ‘ e‘rbhrl sg‘s sdkkr tr
vd ltrs ‘f‘hm qdstqm sn sgd r‘edsx ne sgd chrs‘ms o‘rs ‘mc sgd entmc,
dqr oqnlhrd ne ‘ otqd vghsd gdfdlnmx-? btqrnqx tmo‘bjhmf ne sgd
onkhshb‘k lxsgnknfhdr ‘rrnbh‘sdc vhsg sgd ?ldqhb‘m bnmrshstshnm chr,
bknrdrmnscdlnbq‘bx)‘rrtbg)atssgd rhkgntdssd ne vg‘shm sgd 082/r
‘ I‘o‘mdrd oghknrnogdq nmbd cdrhfm‘sdc)qdedqqhmf sn I‘o‘m r nvm on,
khshb‘k dmcnvldms) ‘r ‘ zbnmrshstshnm‘k e‘rbhrlfl ‘mc vg‘s) md‘qkx ‘

07
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

bdmstqx k‘sdq)?k‘hm A‘chnt g‘r k‘adkdc zb‘ohs‘k,o‘qkh‘ldms‘qh‘mhrl)fl

vghbg rsqhjdrld ‘rsgd r‘ld cheedqdmbd-?kkne sgd ghrsnqhb‘ketqmhstqd
dm‘akhmf sgd qd‘khy‘shnm ne e‘rbhrl hr hm ok‘bd)xds mnv l‘mhedrskx nb,
btoxhmf ‘ cheedqdms sdlonq‘k qdfhrsdq)nmd sg‘s mn knmfdq mddcr l‘rr
lnahkhy‘shnm hm ‘mc ne sgd rsqddsr) ‘r H ud oqnonrdc) hmrsd‘c bnlhmf
eqnl vhsghm sgd oqdrhcdmbx hsrdke-Sgd rn,b‘kkdc bgdbjr ‘mc a‘k‘mbdr
‘qd khsskd lnqd sg‘m ‘ rdsnezfdmskdl‘mkxfl ‘fqddldmsr)‘mc sgd ‘bst‘k
onqntrmdrr ne sgd kdf‘k qdk‘shnmr adsvddm sgd sgqdd anchdr ne sgd dw,
dbtshud)bnmfqdrr)‘mc bntqs ‘kknv ‘m tmqd‘rnm‘akx vhcd k‘shstcd enq
hmsdqoqds‘ahkhsx-Sgd oqnfqdrrhud qdftk‘qhsx ne dwdbtshud ‘bsr cdo‘qshmf
eqnl atqd‘tbq‘shb mnqlr ‘qd) hm l‘mx hmrs‘mbdr) uhnk‘shnmr ne vg‘s
oqdrtl‘akx ‘qd kdf‘k b‘sdfnqhdr rds hm rsnmd)khjd rtaondm‘r:rtbg ‘bsr
cq‘l‘shb‘kkx hkktrsq‘sd gnv d‘rx hs hr sn rtaudqs sgd rs‘sd eqnl vhsghm
hsr ghfgdrs ne“bd ‘mc fds ‘v‘x vhsg hs)rhlokx ax ‘rrdqshmf sgdx vdqd
bnllhssdc hm bnlokh‘mbd vhsg sgd k‘v-Vgdm hm cntas)vd gd‘q sgd
okd‘ sg‘ssgd TR hr)‘esdq ‘kk)‘ rnbhdsx okdcfdc sn sgd qtkd ne k‘v)trt,
‘kkx inhmdc ax ‘ood‘krsn sgd zentmchmf hcd‘krfl nesgd bntmsqx-Vg‘s‘qd
vd sn l‘jd ne sgd qtkd ne k‘v vgdm sgd k‘v hsrdke hr hmchrshmfthrg‘akd
eqnl ‘ uhqtkdmshcdnknfx a‘rdc nm ‘ oqhnqh‘rrtloshnmr)ansg ‘qahsq‘qx
‘mc hlonrrhakd sn cdlnmrsq‘sd) udhkdc adghmc tm‘rr‘hk‘akd bk‘hlr ne
hlo‘qsh‘knaidbshuhsx;
Vg‘ssgd qdbtqqdmbd nee‘rbhrshb rodbsdqrhm sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdrrg‘qdr
vhsg hsr ghrsnqhb‘k oqnsnsxod hr ‘ rdmrd ne bqhrhr-Ghrsnqhb e‘rbhrl bnm,
eqnmsdc ‘ bqhrhrne vnqkc cdoqdrrhnm hm lnrsm‘shnm rs‘sdr)bnlokhb‘sdc
ax sgd hmfidbshnm ne‘ antqfdnhred‘qne‘ oqnkds‘qh‘m.bnlltmhrsqdun,
ktshnm‘qx hlotkrd ‘lnmf sgd vnqjhmf bk‘rrdr-Vgdsgdq hl‘fhmdc nq
qd‘k)hs oqnudc sn ad sgd qhfgs bnlahm‘shnm sn tmcdqlhmd khadq‘k ‘mc
rnbh‘k cdlnbq‘shb qdfhldr ‘mc oqnuhcd sgd nbb‘rhnm enq qhfgs,vhmf
lnudldmsr sn rvdkk hm sgd e‘bd ne dbnmnlhb bnkk‘ord ‘mc onkhshb‘k
lhrl‘m‘fdldms-Hm onhmshmf sn sgd btrsnch‘k e‘hktqd ne b‘ohs‘khrl ax
khadq‘kqdfhldr)sgd qhfgsv‘ronrhshnmdc sn l‘jd sgd lnrsnesgd bnl,
ltmhrs sgqd‘s ‘mc hsr oqnlhrd sn ‘ankhrg b‘ohs‘khrl- Ax bnmsq‘rs) sgd
fqnvhmf hmbnlodsdmbd ne onkhshb‘kqdfhldrhm ntq shld)bntokdc vhsg
sgd a‘mjqtosbx ne kd‘cdqrgho ‘mc onkhshb‘kbk‘rrdrhm l‘mx)he mnslnrs)
ne sgd ‘cu‘mbdc hmctrsqh‘k rnbhdshdr g‘r chrok‘xdc ‘ bnkkdbshud o‘q‘kxrhr
q‘sgdq sg‘m bnmeqnms sgd nudqcdsdqlhmdc bqhrhr ro‘vmdc ax ‘ cd‘ckx
fkna‘ko‘mcdlhb ‘mc dbnmnlhb rgtscnvm hsg‘rcdl‘mcdc)vghbg)hm
l‘mx v‘xr) hr ‘ooqn‘bghmf sgd rb‘kd ‘mc cdosg ne l‘fmhstcd ne sgd
vnqkc cdoqdrrhnm ne sgd 082/r-

08
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

Vg‘s hr ‘oo‘qdmskx ‘ardms hr sgd sgqd‘s ne ‘ oqnkds‘qh‘m qdunktshnm

‘mc sgd drs‘akhrgldms ne bnlltmhrl) dudm sgntfg sgdqd hr sgd rshkk
‘ qdodshshud g‘qjdmhmf a‘bj sn sgd ok‘xannj ne Rdm‘snq Inrdog Lb,
B‘qsgx hm sgd 084/r) vhsg sgd ‘ssdlos sn tshkhyd sgd sgqd‘s ne sgd
bntmsqx rkhchmf hmsn rnbh‘khrl ‘mc bnlltmhrl sn ‘mhl‘sd unsdqr-Hm
sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)sghr eddakd ‘ssdlos sn rb‘qd sgd dkdbsnq‘sd sg‘s sgd
bntmsqx hr adbnlhmf khjd Udmdytdk‘ g‘r addm ‘bbnlo‘mhdc ax dw‘f,
fdq‘sdc hl‘fhmhmfr ne kdes,vhmf lhkhs‘msr hm sgd m‘shnm r bhshdr)vghbg
chrbknrdr gnv sgd btqqdms ‘clhmhrsq‘shnm g‘r lhrqdbnfmhydc kdfhsh,
l‘sd oqnsdrsr‘f‘hmrs‘ mtladqnehmbhcdmsrhmunkuhmf onkhbd jhkkhmfrne
?eqhb‘m,?ldqhb‘mr-Wdsvd ltrsrdd hm sghrlhrqdbnfmhshnm sgd onvdq
ne ‘ odqu‘rhud ‘mc uhnkdms vghsd q‘bhrl)nmd vghbg qdetrdr sn chrshm,
fthrg adsvddm fdmthmdkx kdfhshl‘sd oqnsdrsr sg‘s rtoonqs lnudldmsr
khjd Ak‘bj Khudr L‘ssdq ‘mc sgd sdqqnq ne knrhmf sgdhq vghsd gdfd,
lnmx)vghbg hrqdbncdc hm ‘ knrrnezqhfgsrfl ‘mc zeqddcnlr-flVgdm knrs
qhfgsr ‘mc eqddcnlr ‘qd aqnjdm cnvm hmsn bnmbqdsd cdl‘mcr)vd ‘qd
‘s sgd kdudk ne a‘m‘k ‘mc hmchuhct‘khrshb sdlodq s‘msqtlr nudq qdetr‘kr
sn vd‘q rtqfhb‘k l‘rjr)vghbg g‘r adbnld sgd v‘x sg‘s sgd b‘sdfn,
qhdr ne hmbktrhnm ‘mc dwbktrhnm ‘qd mnv qdcd“mdc-Sqtlo l‘x g‘ud
ghr odqenql‘shud Ltrrnkhmh lnldmsr)vgdm gd hr sqxhmf sn vgho to
bqnvcr ‘ssdmchmf ghr q‘kkhdr hmsn ‘ eqdmyx ‘ants ghr odqrnm‘k dmdlhdr)
vhsg v‘hkhmfrne hme‘mshkd rdke,ohsx ‘mc chqd v‘qmhmfr’hmsdqbg‘mfd‘akd
vhsg sgqd‘sr(ne vg‘svhkkg‘oodm sn sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdrhe gd hrmn knm,
fdq hm bnll‘mc-Ats ghr ldrr‘fdr)tmkhjd Ltrrnkhmhr)g‘ud lnqd sn
cn vhsg ghr nvm rdke,qdf‘qc ‘mc sgd “bshnm‘k m‘qq‘shud ne gnv gd g‘r
l‘cd ?ldqhb‘ fqd‘s)mnssgd vdke‘qd ne sgd odnokd)vgn g‘ud ‘kqd‘cx
vhsmdrrdc nudq 24/)/// cd‘sgr eqnl BNUHC,08 adb‘trd ne ghr nvm
hmcheedqdmbd ‘mc cdbhrhnm sn gnkc a‘bj sn l‘jd rtqd sg‘ssgd dbnmnlx
vntkc mns rgts cnvm- Hs hr g‘qc sn rdd hm sgd q‘mshmf ‘mc qgdsnqhb
‘mxsghmf lnqd sg‘m sgd mddc enq bnmrs‘ms qdbnfmhshnm ‘mc sgd cdrhqd
sn qdhmenqbd hcdmsh“b‘shnm vhsg sgd l‘rrdr sg‘s ‘ssdmc sn s‘jd o‘qs hm
rtbg ok‘mmdc rodbs‘bkdr)vghbg)tmenqstm‘sdkx)oqnuhcdrsgdl vhsg sgd
nbb‘rhnm ‘mc noonqstmhsx sn odqenql enqlr ne rdke,dm‘bsldms ‘mc
ognsn,nor-
Vghkd rtbg qdbdms oqdrhcdmsh‘k adg‘uhnq l‘x ‘ood‘q ‘r ‘mnl‘kntr
hm ?ldqhb‘m onkhshb‘k ghrsnqx)hsr onkhshbr ‘qd mns ‘mc g‘ud ‘ knmf fd,
md‘knfx-Qdf‘qckdrrne sgd o‘qsx)oqdrhcdmsh‘kbnmctbsg‘r‘kv‘xrcdl,
nmrsq‘sdc ‘bshnmr cdrhfm‘sdc sn rdqud sgd hmsdqdrs ne ‘ oktsnbq‘shb nkh,
f‘qbgx ‘mc hsr ghrsnqhb dmshskdldms sn qtkd) vghbg s‘jdr tr a‘bj sn

1
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

L‘chrnm ‘mc sgd dhfgsddmsg,bdmstqx edtc‘kbnmrshstshnm-Hsrgntkc ad

onhmsdc ntssg‘sqdotakhb‘mhrl hm sgd dhfgsddmsg bdmstqx chcm sld‘m
l‘rr cdlnbq‘bx-Hs v‘r rddm ‘r ‘ sdlonq‘qx enql)rths‘akd sn ‘ rl‘kk
sdqqhsnqx-Vhsg rtardptdmsvdrsv‘qc dwo‘mrhnm ‘mc zsdqqhsnqh‘k‘bpth,
rhshnm hmsn ‘m Dlohqdfl ntsfqnvhmf sgd rhyd rths‘akd enq ‘ qdotakhb)hs
vntkc qdpthqd ‘ enql ne fnudqm‘mbd b‘o‘akd ne l‘m‘fhmf sgd bnmfihbs
sg‘sbnldr vhsg sgd fqd‘sdq fqnvsg ne ansg e‘bshnm‘khrl ‘mc ft‘q‘m,
sddr ne oqhu‘sd qhfgsr-Cdrohsd bnmbdqmr vhsg sgd qhfgsr ne hmchuhct‘kr)
ghrsnqx g‘r jmnvm svn oqhmbho‘k pt‘kh“b‘shnmr enq sgd dmshskdldms
ne onkhshb‘k kd‘cdqrgho9sgnrd vgn bk‘hldc rtodqhnqhsx eqnl ‘bbdrr sn
chuhmd “kh‘shnm nq gtl‘m rtodqhnqhsx ‘bbnqchmf sn ahqsg ’bk‘rr() ‘mc
sgnrd vgn onrrdrr vd‘ksg ‘mc g‘ud ‘bbdrr sn sgd nqf‘mhy‘shnm ne oqn,
ctbshud ‘bshuhshdr ‘mc rnbh‘k qdoqnctbshnm-Sgdrd svn oqhmbhokdr g‘ud
addm nbb‘rhnm‘kkx rtookdldmsdc ax dctb‘sdc odnokd ‘mc sgnrd rbhdm,
sh“b rodbh‘khrsrvgn g‘ud rgnvm rjhkk‘mc dwodqshrd-13
Rnbhdshdrkhjd sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdrg‘ud g‘ahst‘kkx addm fnudqmdc ax ‘
bnlahm‘shnm ne odnokd ‘rrnbh‘sdc vhsg sgdrd svn pt‘kh“b‘shnmr)lnqd
eqnl sgd k‘ssdq sg‘m enqldq) vghbg k‘rsdc tmshk Dmfkhrg bnknmh‘khrl
dmcdc-Gdmbd)hshrche“btkssn bnmbdhud ne sgd entmchmf ne sgd Tmhsdc
Rs‘sdr ‘r ‘ cdlnbq‘bx)rhmbd zcdlnbq‘bx hr mdhsgdq ‘ sxod ne bnmrshst,
shnm mnq ‘ enql ne rnbhdsx-fl14 Odqg‘orsghrhrvg‘sg‘oodmrvgdm ‘ kn,
b‘ks‘w qdunkshrb‘kkdc ‘ qdunktshnm-Sgd rn,b‘kkdc onvdq ne sgd odnokd
v‘rmdudq‘ qd,tmhsdc onotk‘shnm)bnmrshstshud nehsrl‘inqhsx nqvnqj,
hmf bk‘rrdr:hmrsd‘c)hs rhlokx qdcd“mdc sgnrd mns pt‘kh“dc sn fnudqm
ats nmkx sn ad fnudqmdc) qdpthqhmf sgtr sgd mdbdrrhsx ne oqdudmshmf
sgd tmshskdc eqnl hmsdqudmhmf hm onkhshbr-Sghr v‘r ‘bbnlokhrgdc ax
dlosxhmf sgd odnokd ne sgd rnudqdhfmsx rtoonrdckx ‘rbqhadc sn sgdl-
Nohmhnmr gdkc ax sgd eq‘ldqr ne sgd bnmrshstshnm bnmudqfdc ‘qntmc
sgd oqnonrhshnm sg‘s sgd odnokd rgntkc g‘ud mn qd‘k hmunkudldms hm
sgd onkhshb‘kqd‘kl sg‘svntkc ‘eedbssgd bnmctbsne fnudqm‘mbd-
Sgd entmchmf nkhf‘qbghb‘k hmsdmshnm vntkc sgdqdax bk‘hl sg‘s sgd
b‘qqxhmf ntsnefnudqm‘mbd enqsgd odnokd ax sgd edv vgn vdqd pt‘kh,
“dc sn fnudqm g‘r qdrtksdc hm sgd fqnvhmf chrs‘mbd ‘mc bgqnmhb bnm,
bdqm enq sgd fdmdq‘k vdke‘qd ne sgnrd vgn rtoonrdckx ‘qd ‘lnmf sgd
qdoqdrdmsdc)vghbg hm qdbdms cdb‘cdr dwok‘hmr sgd vhcdmhmf chrrnbh‘,
shnm eqnl fnudqmldms‘kbnmbdqm enq sgd fdmdq‘kvdke‘qd sg‘smnv ‘b,
bntmsr enq sgd b‘s‘rsqnoghb bnmchshnm ne ntq bnmsdlonq‘qx rnbhdsx-?
qdbdmsannj ‘rjrgnv vd fnsgdqd)xdshsmdudq‘ccqdrrdrsgd rsqtbstq‘k
oqnakdlr ne nkhf‘qbghb bnmsqnk bkn‘jdc ax ‘ood‘kr sn zcdlnbq‘bx-fl Hs

10
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

hr rhlokx mns knfhb‘k sn rod‘j ne cdlnbq‘shb fnudqm‘mbd)rhmbd hsr dw,

bdrr hr sgd oqdqnf‘shud ne sgd lhmnqhsx vgn qtkd nudq sgd l‘inqhsx-
Sghrnkhf‘qbghb gdqhs‘fd chrfthrdc ‘rcdlnbq‘bx dwok‘hmrvgx rn ltbg
?ldqhb‘m enqdhfm onkhbx g‘r addm chqdbsdc sn oqnoohmf to ‘tsgnqh,
s‘qh‘m qdfhldr sgqntfgnts sgd fknad ctqhmf sgd onrs,Vnqkc V‘q HH
dq‘ ‘mc b‘kkhmf sgdl cdlnbq‘shb-I‘bptdr Q‘mbhd…qd oqnonrdr sg‘s sgd
rn,b‘kkdc zonvdqr ne sgd odnokdfl hr mdbdrr‘qhkx zgxodqsnohb)fl nbbtq,
qhmf nmkx hm ‘amnql‘kshldr‘mc ok‘bd ‘mc sgtrvhsgntsetmbshnm hm ‘
rnbhdsx cdchb‘sdc sn hmdpt‘khsx-15
Ax sgd r‘ld ld‘rtqd)vd g‘ud kd‘qmdc sg‘sqdoqdrdms‘shnm g‘rmdudq
addm ‘ rxrsdl cduhrdc sn bnlodmr‘sd enqsgd oqdrdmbd ne‘ k‘qfd onot,
k‘shnm atshmrsd‘c qdl‘hmrxnjdc sn ‘m nkhf‘qbghb enql vghbg hmchb‘sdr
sgd qdoqdrdms‘shnm ne lhmnqhshdr)vgn g‘ud bk‘hl sn nbbtox bnllnm
‘ee‘hqr)sn ‘bst‘kkx bnmrshstsd sgd dw‘bs noonrhsd ne cdlnbq‘bx-Hm sgd
Tmhsdc Rs‘sdr)qdoqdrdms‘shnm ‘ood‘qrlnqd qdronmrhud sn knaaxhrsr‘bs,
hmf enq oqhu‘sd atrhmdrr hmsdqdrsr)vghbg qdo‘x sgd qdoqdrdms‘shudr enq
sgdhq rtoonqs-Sghr bxbkd ne rtoonqs ‘mc o‘xldms hr sgd ldsgnc ne
onkhshb‘kqdoqnctbshnm nm vghbg dkhsdrhm onvdq‘qd ‘akd sn qds‘hm sgdhq
onrhshnmrhm fnudqm‘mbd ‘ruhqst‘kkx odql‘mdmsrhmdbtqdr-Sgd ?ldqh,
b‘m zEntmchmf E‘sgdqr)fl ‘r vdkk ‘r rnld Eqdmbg hlhs‘snqr)r‘v qdoqd,
rdms‘shnm ‘rsgd hmrsqtldmsne sgd dkhsd sn dwdqbhrd)hm sgd m‘ld ne sgd
odnokd´‘ onvdq sgdx ‘qd nakhfdc sn qdbnfmhyd)ats sg‘s sgdx cn mns
jmnv gnv sn cdoknx vhsgnts qhrjhmf qthm ne sgd r‘ld oqhmbhokdr ne
fnudqmldms-16 Sghrhrvg‘sQ‘mbhd…qd g‘rb‘kkdc)bnqqdbskx Hadkhdud)sgd
zg‘sqdc necdlnbq‘bx-fl Hm sgd “m‘k‘m‘kxrhr)dudm unshmf g‘rstqmdc nts
sn ad nmkx ‘ oqnbdctq‘knodq‘shnm)q‘sgdq sg‘m ‘ rtars‘mshud nmd)cqhu,
hmf sgd l‘inq oqdnbbto‘shnm ‘lnmf o‘qshdr snv‘qc rodmchmf lnqd
shld ‘mc lnmdx nm unsdqrtooqdrrhnm nek‘qfd mtladqrneodnokd sg‘m
nm sgnrd ‘bst‘kkx b‘rshmf ‘ bqdchakd a‘kkns-?rH vqhsd)u‘qh‘shnmrnm sgd
bgd‘o sqhbjrknmf trdc hm Rntsgdqm rs‘sdrsn hmghahs?eqhb‘m ?ldqhb‘mr
eqnl unshmf ‘qd rshkkadhmf ‘ssdlosdc-
Sgd onhms ne sghr aqhde chrbtrrhnm nm sgd ‘ardmbd ne cdlnbq‘bx hr
mnssn rgnv rnldsghmf sg‘sv‘roqduhntrkx tmjmnvm ‘ants?ldqhb‘m
onkhshb‘k ghrsnqx ‘mc khed) ‘r he hs vdqd ‘ adrs jdos rdbqds-Sgd c‘lm,
hmf duhcdmbd v‘r ‘kv‘xr nts hm sgd nodm) hm ok‘hm rhfgs) khjd Ond r
zotqknhmdc kdssdq)fl adenqd tr)xdstmrddm nq cdkhadq‘sdkx tmqdbnfmhydc-
Vg‘shsrddjrsn chrbknrd hrgnv hmrshstshnm‘kkx sgd ghrsnqhb‘ketqmhstqd
“kkhmf ?ldqhb‘ r onkhshb‘k ro‘bd g‘r ‘kqd‘cx addm ‘qq‘mfdc hm rtbg ‘
v‘x sg‘s hs vntkc ‘kv‘xr kd‘ud nodm sgd oqnrodbs ne dunkuhmf dudm

11
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

fqd‘sdq ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m enqlr khjd e‘rbhrl- Itlo,rs‘qshmf sgd onkhshb‘k

nqhfhmrnesgd m‘shnm vhsg ‘ qd‘cx,l‘cd rdlh,edtc‘krsqtbstqd ‘mc sgd
dmshskdldms ne dmkhfgsdmdc kd‘cdqrgho)qdrdqudc enq sgnrd vgn onrrdrr
sgd qdpthrhsd pt‘kh“b‘shnmr)v‘rmdudqfnhmf sn fqnv lnqd cdlnbq‘shb
sg‘m ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘m hm shld ats q‘sgdq sgd qdudqrd) tmkdrr hs hr hmsdq,
qtosdc ax ‘ fdmthmd rnbh‘kqdunktshnm-
? btqrnqx knnj ‘s sgd Mdv Cd‘k rtffdrsr ‘ fkhlldq ne sgd onr,
rhahkhsx ne sghr sdmcdmbx snv‘qc ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘mhrl)‘ lhkc ats mns qdu,
nktshnm‘qx ‘msh,b‘ohs‘khrs rdmshldms oqnunjdc ax sgd dbnmnlhb Cd,
oqdrrhnm ‘mc vhcdroqd‘c cqntfgs bnmchshnmr hm sgd Vdrs)qdrtkshmf hm
Qnnrdudksrqdenqlrsg‘skdc sn fqd‘sdqqdftk‘shnmhrl atsmdudqe‘qsgdq)
rhmbd dmsqx hmsn Vnqkc V‘q HH snnj oqdbdcdmbd nudq sgd o‘bd ne cn,
ldrshb qdbnudqx ‘mc onkhshb‘kqd,‘qq‘mfdldms-
Ats hm ntq shld) vd g‘ud ‘kqd‘cx fnmd e‘q cnvm sgd o‘sgv‘x sn
e‘rbhrs ‘tsgnqhs‘qh‘mhrl- Hs hr hlonqs‘ms sn qdldladq sg‘s sgd qd‘o,
od‘q‘mbd ne e‘rbhrs rodbsdqr chc mns dldqfd eqnl nq hm bnmeqnms‘shnm
vhsg ‘ qdunktshnm‘qx sgqd‘s)‘rg‘c nbbtqqdc hm ghrsnqhb e‘rbhrlrne sgd
082/r- Hm sgd bnmsdlonq‘qx ?ldqhb‘m b‘rd) hsr ‘m hmgdqhs‘mbd eqnl
sgd hmbnlokdsd ‘mc tmdudm dbnmnlhb qdbnudqx ne sgd “m‘mbh‘k bq‘rg
ne 1//6,1//7´‘mc hsr rtardptdms dw‘bdqa‘shnm)rsdllhmf eqnl sgd
qdlnu‘kneu‘rsmtladqrneqdftk‘shnmroqduhntrkx hrrtdc nm atrhmdrrdr
‘mc sgd dmuhqnmldms)itrsh“dc nm fqntmcr sg‘s hs vntkc admd“s sgd
m‘shnm ‘mc hsr odnokd-Sgd deedbs v‘r sn hmbqd‘rd hmdpt‘khsx dwonmdm,
sh‘kkx ‘mc bqd‘sd ‘ mdv bk‘rr ne ahkkhnm‘hqdr-Hm sghr v‘x)‘bbnqchmf sn
Cxk‘m Qhkdx)zsgd rodbh“b‘kkx bntmsdqqdunktshnm‘qx dmdqfx rn bg‘q‘b,
sdqhrshb ne e‘rbhrslnudldmsrhr’snc‘x(hlonrrhakd” sn qdoqnctbd-fl17
?r H ud rtffdrsdc)hs vntkc ad vqnmf sn ldqdkx rtllnm sgd dw,
‘lokdrneghrsnqhb e‘rbhrlrsn cdrbqhad sgd btqqdmsrhst‘shnm)rhmbd rtbg
‘ lnud vntkc tmcdqlhmd sgd rodbh“b rhmftk‘qhshdr ne ansg sgdm ‘mc
mnv-Adb‘trd vd khud hm cheedqdms onkhshb‘k bkhl‘sdr ‘mc ghrsnqhb‘k bhq,
btlrs‘mbdr) vd b‘m rdd sg‘s sgd onkhshb‘k enqlr ne nooqdrrhnm vhkk
chudqfd-Vghkd vd mddc mnsvnqqx ‘antsrsnql sqnnodqraqd‘jhmf hmsn
ntq gnldr hm sgd d‘qkx gntqr ne lnqmhmf ‘mc b‘qshmf tr ‘v‘x) vd
rgntkc ad sqntakdc ax rdke,oqnbk‘hldc o‘q‘lhkhs‘qx f‘mfr okdcfdc sn
oqdudms‘mx zhmeqhmfdldmsnesgdhqqhfgsrfl´qhfgsrvghbg hll‘mdmskx
hmghahs sgd qhfgsr ne nsgdqr) drodbh‘kkx vgdm sghr u‘tmsdc cdedmrd ne
qhfgsr hr etdkdc ax oqdrtloshnmr ne vghsd rtodqhnqhsx ‘mc q‘bd g‘,
sqdc-Sgdqd hr mnsghmf cdlnbq‘shb ‘ants rtbg fqntor vgn)H adkhdud)
g‘ud addm lhrs‘jdmkx l‘qjdc ‘rzonotkhrsrfl vgdm sgdx ‘qd mnsghmf

12
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

lnqd sg‘m f‘mfr ne rvhqkhmf) ‘snlhydc dfnshrsr rddjhmf sn drs‘akhrg

a‘qqhdqr sn hmbktrhnm-Mns nmkx hr sgdhqzoqnfq‘lfl tmcdlnbq‘shb)hs hr
‘ e‘krd onotkhrl sg‘s b‘lntfi‘fdr sgdhq cdedmrd ne qhfgsr ne dwbktrhnm
‘r odqrnm‘k eqddcnlr-Vg‘s hr lnqd vnqqhrnld) hm sgd knmf qtm) hr
sgd hmrshstshnm ne sgd Rtoqdld Bntqs)mnv b‘ostqdc ax ‘ cnlhm‘ms
qd‘bshnm‘qx onkhshb‘k o‘qsh‘khsx vghbg)snfdsgdq vhsg hsr dwo‘mchmf hm,
sdqudmshnm hmsn uhqst‘kkx ‘kk ‘rodbsr ne dudqxc‘x khed) vghrodqr ‘ ghms
ne gnv sgd Fdql‘m bntqsr vdqd adms sn rdqud M‘yh hlodq‘shudr-Sgd
Rtoqdld Bntqs) vgnrd ldladqr sgd edcdq‘k bnmrshstshnm khadq‘sdc
eqnl ‘mx chqdbs ‘bbntms‘ahkhsx sn sgd onotk‘bd) fhuhmf sgdl vgnrd
sgd oqhuhkdfd ne khedshld sdmtqd)hmrhmt‘sdr snn onvdqetk ‘ oqdrdmbd ne
sgd dhfgsddmsg bdmstqx hmsn svdmsx,“qrsbdmstqx khed ‘mc rnbhdsx)drod,
bh‘kkx vgdm rnld ne hsr btqqdms ldladqr g‘ud dlaq‘bdc sg‘s ‘qbg‘hb
oqdrdmbd hm sgd hcdnknfx neznqhfhm‘khrl-fl
H g‘ud oqnonrdc sg‘s sgd oqnbdctq‘k enqlr vd hmu‘qh‘akx ‘cudqshrd)
rtbg ‘r dkdbshnmr ‘mc qdoqdrdms‘shnm)sgd hmrshstshnm‘k bgdbjr ‘mc a‘k,
‘mbdr ‘ssqhatsdc sn sgd dhfgsddmsg,bdmstqx bnmrshstshnm ‘mc vg‘s
?ldqhb‘m ghrsnqh‘mr g‘ud cdbnqntrkx b‘kkdc ‘ zqdunktshnm)fl g‘ud knmf
addm dloshdc ne sgdhq bnmsdmsr-Vg‘srddlr sn g‘ud g‘oodmdc hr sg‘s
sgd rs‘sd´to tmshk sgd dmc ne sgd Bnkc V‘q sgd oqnsdbsnq ne sgd oqh,
u‘sd qd‘kl) sg‘s hr) bhuhk rnbhdsx´g‘r vhsgcq‘vm eqnl hsr sq‘chshnm‘k
sdm‘mbx ne otakhb ro‘bd)vgdqd hs g‘c nmbd addm nakhfdc sn oqnuhcd
rnld enql ne gnmdrs‘bbntmshmf ne hsrdke)nq ‘skd‘rs‘ fdrstqd snv‘qcr
hs)mnv mn knmfdq mddcrsn khrsdm sn vg‘sodnokd g‘ud sn r‘x-Sgd rs‘sd
g‘rkd‘qmdc sg‘ssdkkhmf ‘ khd hr‘rfnnc ‘rsgd sqtsg-Gdmbd)sgd rs‘sd g‘r
bnld sn nbbtox sgd u‘b‘sdc ro‘bd nesgd oqhu‘sd qd‘kl)hmrne‘q‘rvg‘s
hscndrhrmn knmfdq nsgdq odnokd ratrhmdrr-Vhsg sgd nmrdsne mdnkha,
dq‘k gdfdlnmx ‘mc sgd chrrnktshnm ne ‘ e‘hkdc khadq‘khrl) qd‘k onvdq
g‘rrghesdc eqnl sgd rs‘sd)‘rrtbg)sn sgd “m‘mbh‘k‘mc onkhshb‘k bk‘rrdr)
vghbg ‘qd sgd admd“bh‘qhdr ne rs‘sd onkhbhdr sn dmqhbg sgdl ‘mc vgn
rdd sgd rs‘sd snc‘x ‘rnmkx ‘m hmrsqtldmsenq rtooqdrrhmf rhfmrne oqn,
sdrs‘rhmrs‘mbdrnebnmfihbs)chrnqcdq)‘mc sdqqnqhrl-Hm nsgdqvnqcr)sgd
rs‘sd ‘bsr‘r‘ ok‘bdgnkcdq enq b‘ohs‘k‘mc hrmnv sgd oqhuhkdfdc hmrsqt,
ldms bnmrdbq‘sdc enq sgd s‘rj ne dmg‘mbhmf sgd vd‘ksgx ‘mc bqd‘shmf
fqd‘sdq hmdpt‘khsx ‘lnmf sgd onotk‘bd-?ssgd r‘ld shld)sgd rs‘sd g‘r
l‘cd ‘m dmdlx ne sgd odnokd hsnmbd okdcfdc sn oqnsdbs-Hssgtrrddjr
sn chlhmhrg sgd rtaidbshud ‘tsnmnlx nmbd bnmrhcdqdc sgd bgdqhrgdc
oqhmbhokd ne cdlnbq‘shb hmchuhct‘khrl ’‘mc ed‘qdc ax e‘rbhrl(hm nqcdq
sn kd‘ud sgd otakhb ‘r rhlokx ‘ cnl‘hm enq chrbntqrd´dmckdrr bg‘s,

13
 Hoou HonnrtiaHi

sdq´sg‘svhkkmnskd‘c ‘mxvgdqd-
Vgx b‘kk hs eUrbhrl; Vd b‘m s trd sns‘khs‘qh‘mhrl) rhmbd sg‘s sdql
lnrs qdbdmskx qdedqqdc sn Rnuhds Bnlltmhrl) vghbg v‘r noonrdc
sn b‘ohs‘khrl ‘mc snc‘x sn sgd Odnokd r Qdotakhb ne Bghm‘)‘ ots‘shud
rs‘sd b‘ohs‘khrl ‘mc ‘ bnlltmhrsonkhshb‘kqdfhld)nq)khjdvhrd)‘tsgnq,
hs‘qh‘mhrl)‘ sdql vghbg b‘mmnsgdko atsqdb‘kkchudqrd enqlrne odssx
chbs‘snqrghor)rnld vd ud rtoonqsdc ‘mc nsgdqr vd ud sqhdc sn rl‘rg)
nq dudm sgd hlodqh‘k oqdrhcdmbx)vghbg l‘jdr sgd dwdbtshud knnj khjd
sgd udqx jhmf sg‘ssgd rn,b‘kkdc ?ldqhb‘m qdunktshnm sqhdc sn dwnqbhrd
vhsg sgd hmudmshnm ne sgd oqdrhcdmbx-
Vhsg e‘rbhrl sgdqd hr ‘s kd‘rs ‘ lhmhl‘k e‘lhkx qdrdlak‘mbd ad,
svddm oqhnq ghrsnqhb‘k enqlr ‘mc vg‘s rddlr sn ad cdudknohmf snc‘x)
‘rrtqdc ax sgd rg‘qdc s‘rj ne r‘uhmf b‘ohs‘khrl eqnl hsrdke)‘s ‘kk bnrs-
Vg‘sdudq dkrd hs lhfgs ad) sgd btqqdms rs‘sd ne ?ldqhb‘m onkhshbr hm
sghr shld ne ok‘ftd g‘r rgnvm hm dudqx qdrodbs hsr oqnentmc e‘hktqd ‘r
‘ uh‘akd rxrsdl b‘o‘akd ne rdquhmf sgd odnokd)vgn g‘ud addm enqbdc
sn khud vhsghm hsr khlhs‘shnmr enq snn knmf)jmnvhmf ‘s sgd r‘ld shld
sgdx b‘m g‘ud mn etstqd ax qdsqd‘shmf sn ‘ “bshud o‘rs-?renqsgd vhcdkx
dwoqdrrdc cdrhqd sn qdstqm sn ‘m hlodqedbskx qdldladqdc mnql‘kbx)
rtbg odnokd rgntkc ad b‘qdetk ne vg‘s sgdx vhrg enq)rhmbd sgd mnq,
l‘kbx enq vghbg sgdx xd‘qm hr ‘ qdstqm sn vg‘s aqntfgs sgd rodbsq‘k
e‘rbhrl sg‘s hr mnv tonm tr-Sgdqd hr rhlokx mn qd‘rnm sn fn a‘bj sn
sgd onkhshb‘k‘mc dbnmnlhb ldrrsg‘sdwhrsdc oqhnq sn sgd nmrdsne sgd
ok‘ftd-Hs vntkc ad e‘q adssdq sn adfhm sgd che“btks k‘anq ne rdo‘q‘s,
hmf ntqrdkudr eqnl sgd hmb‘o‘bhs‘shmf hkktrhnmr ne sgd o‘rs ‘mc sn rs‘qs
sghmjhmf ‘antsgnv sgd Tmhsdc Rs‘sdrb‘m khadq‘sd hsrdkeeqnl ‘ aqnjdm
‘mc qnssdc rxrsdl ne fnudqm‘mbd sg‘s g‘r aqntfgs sn hsr odnokd ansg
tmxhdkchmf dbnmnlhb ‘mc onkhshb‘k hmdpt‘khsx ‘r vdkk ‘r sgd rodbs‘bkd
neqthm nmbd ‘ssqhatsdc sn sgd cdlnr)hesgdx g‘c dudm addm nakhfdc sn
qtkd hm sgdhq nvm m‘ld-

G  G   hrsgd L‘w O‘kdurjx OqnedrrnqneGhrsnqx)Dldqhstr)Tmhudqrhsx ne

Bghb‘fn-Ghr lnrs qdbdms otakhb‘shnm hr)Sgd Tmronid m Ur Gd phsUfd 2 Sgd :pld mhUm Fd mnbhcd
Umc Hsr TmUbbntmsd c Jhud r ’Ctjd Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr)1/08(‘mc Tmd ud m Lnld msr+ Pd yd bshnmr nm
IUoUm r Lncd pm Ghrsnpw ’Bnktlah‘ Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr)1/08(

14
S EC I R R AET R C S SR M C U H C V

Mnsdr
0 Rdd)ax ‘kkld‘mr)?mcqdv Kht rodqbdoshud ‘qshbkd nm sgd qdk‘shnmrgho ne
fkna‘kb‘ohs‘k‘mc sgd uhqtrrvnqkckx o‘sgv‘x zBghmdrd Uhqtr)flVnqkc L‘qjdshm
m’.)L‘qbg 1/)1/1/-
1 H g‘ud admd“sdc ltbg eqnl Vhkkh‘l ?ookdl‘m Vhkkh‘lr)Sgd Anmsntpr ne
:ld phbUm Ghrsnpw)vhsg ‘m Hmsqnctbshnm ax Fqdf Fq‘mchm ’Knmcnm9Udqrn)1/00(-
2 MhbnrOntk‘msy‘r)EUrbhrl Umc ChbsUsnprgho ’Knmcnm9Udqrn)0868()06-
3 H ‘l hmcdasdc sn ?kadqsSnrb‘mn rzMnsdrnm K‘sd E‘rbhrl)fl 1 ?oqhk)1/06
entmc hm Aknf)GhrsnphbUk LUsd phUkhrl)tmo‘fhm‘sdc)enq ghrodmdsq‘shmf qd‘chmf
‘mc qdlhmcdq ne sghrhlonqs‘mssdwsax Sgdncnqd ?cnqmn)zEqdtch‘m Sgdnqx
‘mc sgd O‘ssdqm ne E‘rbhrsOqno‘f‘mc‘)fl hm Sgd Drrd mshUk EpUmietps Rbgnnk Pd Ucd p)
dchsdc ax ?mcqdv ?q‘sn ‘mc Dhjd Fdag‘qs’Mdv Wnqj)Bnmshmttl 1///()01
4 ?cnqmn)zEqdtch‘m Sgdnqx)fl 011-
5 ?cnqmn)zEqdtch‘m Sgdnqx)fl 015:‘krn Snrb‘mn)zMnsdr-fl
6 ?cnqmn)zEqdtch‘m Sgdnqx)fl 025,26-
7 Ptnsdreqnl FhkkdrCdkdtyd ‘mc Edkhw Ft‘ss‘qh): SgntrUmc MkUsd Utr)sq‘mr-
Aqh‘m L‘rrtlh ’Lhmmd‘onkhr9Tmhudqrhsx ne Lhmmdrns‘ Oqdrr)0876()103,04-
8 Oqhln Kduh)Sgd Cpnvmd c Umc sgd RUud c)sq‘mr-Q‘xlnmc Qnrdmsg‘k ’Mdv
Wnqj9Uhms‘fd)0878()1/-
0/ Rdd Oqhln Kduh)J Urwldfl sphd d s kU uhd )sq‘mr-M‘sg‘khd A‘tdq ’QnadqsK‘eenms9
O‘qhr)1//3()6/-
00 Sgdncnqd ?cnqmn)zSgd Ld‘mhmf neVnqjhmf Sgqntfg sgd O‘rs)fl hm Aphsh,
bUk Ld sgncr)sq‘mr-Gdmqx Ohbjenqc ’Mdv Wnqj9Bnktlah‘ Tmhudqrhsx Oqdrr)0887()
87
01 Sgdncnqd ?cnqmn):m Hmspnctbshnm sn ChUkd bshbr)dc-Bgqhrsnog Yhdql‘mm)
sq‘mr-Mhbgnk‘rV‘kjdq ’B‘laqhcfd)TJ9Onkhsx Oqdrr)1/06()7/-
02 ?cnqmn)zVnqjhmf Sgqntfg)fl 87-
03 ?cnqmn)zVnqjhmf Sgqntfg)fl 88-
04 ?cnqmn)zVnqjhmf Sgqntfg)fl 82-
05 ?cnqmn)zVnqjhmf Sgqntfg)fl 82-
06 ?cnqmn)zVnqjhmf Sgqntfg)fl 228-
07 Vhkkh‘l U-Ro‘mnr)z?ldqhb‘m Dwbdoshnm‘khrl)Sgd Idqdlh‘c)‘mc sgd
Eqnmshdq9Eqnl Otqhs‘mrsn sgd Mdn,Bnm,Ldm)fl antmcUpw 1+ 23)mn-0 ’1//6(9
24,55-
08 Rdd Cxk‘m Qhkdx)Sgd Ahuhb EntmcUshnmr ne EUrbhrl hm Dtpnod ’Knmcnm9Udqrn)
1/08()wwu,wwuh
1/ I‘bptdrQ‘mbhd …qd)JU GUhmd cd kU cd̀lnbpUshd ’O‘qhr9K‘ E‘aqhptd)1//4()03,
04-
10 Vhkkh‘lr)zAnmsntpr)fl 16,63-
11 Vhkkh‘lr)zAnmsntpr)fl 041-
12 Vhkkh‘lr)zAnmsntpr)fl 042-
13 Q‘mbhd…qd)JU GUhmd+ 42-
14 Q‘mbhd…qd)JU GUhmd+ 43-
15 Q‘mbhd…qd)JU GUhmd+ 48-
16 Q‘mbhd…qd)JU GUhmd+ 5/-
17 Qhkdx)Ahuhb EntmcUshnmr)wwuh-

15