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INTRODUCTION

Foot over bridge are important passenger amenity and passenger safely items in station

yards provided to facilitate easy movement of passenger and goods from one platform to other

or from platform to outside of railway station or for crossing station yards. Footbridges are

mostly constructed to allow pedestrians to cross water or railways. They are situated across the

roads for pedestrians to cross safely without slowing down the traffic. As per the Indian code

IS 1893:2002 Part1, about 60% Indian land comes under seismic zone III, IV, V. The main

objective of structural analysis is to determine internal forces, stresses and deformations of

structures under various load effects. There has been much progress in foot over bridge design

in recent years with increasing use of advanced analytical design methods, use of new materials

and new bridge concepts.

Civil engineering deals with the design, construction and maintenance of physical and

naturally built environment, including works like bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings. It

is the oldest and broadest engineering profession. All the engineering specialties have been

derived from civil engineering. It is divided into various sub disciplines including

environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation

engineering, material engineering, surveying and construction engineering. The principles of

all the above engineering aspects are applied to the residential, commercial, industrial and

public works projects of all sizes and levels of construction.

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 Figure 1. Steel Pedestrian Cross over Bridge

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. S.Rajesh studied the Design of structural components of the foot over bridge for the
loading details acquired from STAAD model. Design of the appropriate foundation for
the loading details. The use of steel as the construction material has resulted in the
overall economy of construction when compared to Reinforced Concrete Structure.
2.2. Mr.Aniket Rewatkar, Mr.Vishal Gajghate done a project work seismic analysis of
foot over bridge for different soil conditions are carried out. This paper highlights the
effect of different soil conditions in different earthquake zones with Response Spectrum
analysis using Staad-Pro. Base shear in 20m and 30m span foot over bridge increases
with the change in soil condition and earthquake zones.
2.3. Renan constantini, Chris Ripke, James Welch has constructed a pedestrian bridge
over coliseum with height of 40 ft. The structure was analysed to all the safety factors
and they are constructed using pre fabricated steel members.

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 2.4. Mohammed Yakub Ali, GugulothuSwarna done the design and analysis of
pedestrian bridge. In this project we are designing the pedestrian over head bridge
where the traffic exceeds more than 2500 vehicles, for the elimination of conflicts
between pedestrians and motor vehicles. Utilizing steel and concrete for the most
important style members, erection of the structure would proceed quickly because of
the flexibility of most of the most parts being prefab off of the work site.
2.5. Mohan gupta and shekhar gupta determined the adoption of HSS (Hollow Structural
Sections) would minimize the material. There is overall saving on Life Cycle Cost basis.
If we compare on Direct Cost basis steel is costlier than concrete. There is saving of
quantity of steel on using HSS as compared to regular section, but the total cost will be
almost same.

3. METHODOLOGY

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4. DESIGN PARAMETERS

Thickness of plate 12 mm
The span of the bridge 32 m
The height of the bridge 9m
Walking frame dimensons 3mx3m
Thickness of plate 12 mm

5. LOADS
Pedestrian Cross over Bridge are subjected to several kinds of loading such as their own
weight, live load, wind loads and earthquake loads. Of all of these, earthquake load can be
considered as the most dangerous one. This leads to high compressive stresses on structural
components. Earthquakes can also damage links and connections by causing potential buckling
to the upper course of the platform.

6. MODELLING
A Steel Pedestrian Cross over Bridge model with and without bracing is made using E-Tabs.
All the design parameters mentioned above are assigned and is further analysed.

Figure 1. Steel Pedestrian Cross over Bridge without bracings

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 Figure 2. Steel Pedestrian Cross over Bridge with bracings

7. ANALYSIS
Analysis of Steel Pedestrian Cross over Bridge with and without bracing were done
considering the sloshing effect of earthquake load and wind load. The earthquake load is
assigned as per IS:1893-2016 (part-I) and wind load is assigned as per IS:875 - 2015(part-III).

7.1. Time History Analysis of bridge with and without bracings

Figure 3. Time History Analysis for structure with Bracings

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 Figure 4. Time History Analysis for structure without Bracings

7.2. Modal Analysis of bridge with and without bracings

Figure 5. Modal Analysis of structure with Bracings

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 Figure 6. Modal Analysis of structure without Bracings

7.3. Displacement of bridge with and without bracings

Figure 7. Displacements with Bracings

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 Figure 8. Displacements without Bracings

8. CONCLUSION
1. With the provision of bracings, the lateral displacement of the structure due to
wind and earthquake load is reduced.
2. The displacement of the structure is 25% less on provision of bracings.

3. The base shear of the structure is 39.1% more on provision of bracings, which
respectively reflects on the stiffness of the structure.

4. Therefore, the provision of bracings improves the seismic performance of the

structure.

9. REFERENCES

S. Rajesh, Design Of A Steel Foot Over Bridge In A Railway Station, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), Aug – 2017.

Mr.Aniket Rewatkar, Mr.Vishal Gajghate, Seismic Analysis Of Foot Over Bridge International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Apr – 2017.

Renan constantini, Chris Ripke, James Welch, Design of a pedestrian bridge crossing over coliseum
boulevard.

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Mohammed.Yakub Ali1 , Gugulothu.Swarna, Design and Analysis of Pedestrian Bridge
International Journal of advanced technology in engineering and science, Oct - 2016.

Mohan Gupta And Shekhar Gupta, Analysis And Design Of Foot Over Bridge Using Hss
International J.of Multidispl.Research & Advcs. in Engg.(IJMRAE), Nov - 2011.