B. Microtones The flute has long been known to be capable of producing some microtones,' but its full range of microtonal possibilities has been left largely unexplored and unexploited, Accurate pitch sequences of intervals even smaller than the sixteenth tone are possible and often very easily played. For performance of music calling for quarter-tones, two extremely accurate quarter- tone scales, for closed and open-hole flutes, are presented in this section. The quarter-tone, however, is a logical rather than an acoustic extension of the chromatic scale. Oriental music practices and theories, for instance, often call for microtonal intervals but never actually use exact quarter-tones. For full development of microtonal performance and composition for flute, two other topics are explored in addition to the quarter-tone scales 1. Microtonal segments ~ short, easily played scales of extremely small steps. 2. A microtonal scale for all flutes from low D# to high G® which contains intervals as small as the sixteenth-tone, Quarter-tone Scales for Closed and Open-hole Flutes The two quarter-tone scales cover the flute’s range from low Dé to high E?. The first scale is for closed-hole flutes, the second for open-hole instruments. The quarter-tone fingerings are especially designed to be used with the traditional chromatic scale fingerings, but were also chosen on the basis of accuracy of intonation and uniformity of tone quality. Other quarter-tone fingerings are possible and many are presented in the sections on microtonal segments and multiple sounds. The first five fingerings in the quarter-tone scale for closed-hole flutes — Dz*, E54, Ez, F24, and Gz* — indicate that the low B key on the footjoint is to be depressed. Flutes with low C footjoints can play these pitches, but they will be sharper than indicated on the chart, and must be lipped down accordingly. Example: { ——— intonation ——— ease of response nmp dynamic range 1 Altemstive fingerings anc‘ 52