Verb to be

Affirmative statement

Subject + verb to be (am, are, is) + complement.

Ex.

I am a student
She is in Tarija.
You are a teacher.

Negative statement

Subject + verb to be (am, are, is) + not + complement

Ex.

We are not bad students.

They are not in their house.
She is not a doctor

Yes/No questions

Verb to be (am, are, is) + subject + complement + ?

Ex.
Are you happy? Yes, I am No, I am not
Is she your sister? Yes, she is No, she is not / No, she isn’t
Are they classmates? Yes, they are No, they are not / No, they aren’t

Information questions

Wh –word + Verb to be (am, are, is) + subject + complement + ?

Ex.

Where is she from? She is from Tarija

When is the party? The party is on Monday
How are you? I am fine, thanks.
Simple Present

Affirmative statements

Subject + *verb + complement

*verb = base form for I / you / we / they

verb + s / verb + es = for he / she / it

Ex.
I need some money
She needs some money
We need some money
They like pasta
He likes pasta

Negative statements

Subject + do/does + not + verb base form + complement

Ex.

I do not like math class I don’t like math class

She does not like math class She doesn’t like math class
We do not like math class We don’t like math class
Maria does not take a shower every day Maria doesn’t take a shower every day
We do not take a shower every day We don’t take a shower every day

Yes/No questions

Do/Does + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Ex.

Do you have a big house? Yes, I do No, I do not / No, I don’t

Does she have a big house? Yes, she does No, she does not / No, she doesn’t
Do they have a big house? Yes, they do No, they do not / No, they don’t

Information questions

Wh –word + do/does + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Where do you work? I work in a post office

Where does she work? She works in a post office
What do they study? They study English
Past of be
Affirmative statements

Subject + past of be (was/were) + complement

Was= I/he/she/it
Were= you/we/they
Ex.
I was a good student last year
They were friends
She was my classmate

Negative statements

Subject + past of be (was/were) + not + complement

Ex.
They were not in Tarija They weren’t in Tarija
She was not a good student She wasn’t a good student
You were not at home You weren’t at home

Yes/No questions

Was / Were + subject +complement + ?

Were you a good student? Yes, I was No, I was not No, I wasn’t
Was she your classmate? She, she was No, she was not No, she wasn’t

Information questions

Wh –word + was / were + subject complement + ?

Where were you yesterday? I was at home

When was the party? The party was yesterday
Simple Past
Affirmative statements

Subject + verb in simple past + complement

Ex.
I went to movies yesterday
They went to the movies yesterday
He went to me movies yesterday
You did (pasado de do) your homework
She did her homework
We did our homework

Negative statements

Subject + did + not + verb base form + complement

*did not = didn’t

Ex.
I did not study for my test
She did not study for her test
We did not study for our test
You did not eat pizza
He did not eat pizza
I didn’t study for my test
She didn’t study for her test
We didn’t study for our test
You didn’t eat pizza
He didn’t eat pizza

Yes/No questions

Did + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Did you do your homework? Yes, she did No, I did not / No, I didn’t
Did they do their homework? Yes, they did No, they did not / No, they didn’t
Did she do her homework? Yes, she did No, she did not / No, she didn’t

Information questions

Wh –word + did + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Where did you travel? They traveled to La Paz

What did she study? She studied English
When did they go to the movies? They went to the movies last night
Present continuous (Present progressive)

Affirmative statements

Subject + verb to be (am, are , is) + verb + ing + complement

Ex.
I am doing my homework
They are doing their homework
He is doing his homework

Negative statements

Subject + verb to be (am, are , is) + not + verb + ing + complement

Ex.
I am not watching a movie right now.
She is not watching a movie right now. She isn’t watching a movie right now.
We are not watching a movie right now. We aren’t watching a movie right now.

Yes/No questions

Verb to be (am, are, is) + subject + verb + ing + complement +?

Ex.
Are you playing tennis? Yes, I am No, I am not
Is she cooking dinner in this moment? Yes, She is No, she is not / No, she isn’t
Are they making a cake? Yes, They are No, they are not / No, they aren’t

Information questions

Wh – word + verb to be (am, are, is) + subject + verb + ing + complement + ?

Ex.
Where are you working? I am working in the post office.
What is she cooking? She is cooking dinner
When are they going? They are going to the movie.
Future: Will

Affirmative statements

Subject + will + verb base form + complement

Ex.
I will take a shower tomorrow
She will take a shower tomorrow
They will take a shower tomorrow

Negative statements

Subject + will + not + verb base form + complement

Will not = won’t

Ex.
I will not cook dinner tomorrow I won’t cook dinner tomorrow
She will not go to school She won’t go to school
They will not travel next month They won’t travel next month

Yes/No question

Will + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Ex.
Will you go to the movies? Yes, I will No, I will not / No, I won’t
Will she go to the movies? Yes, she will No, she will not / No, she won’t
Will they go to the movies? Yes, they will No, they will not / No, they won’t

Information question

Wh –word + will + subject + verb base form + complement + ?

Ex.
Where will they travel next month? They will travel to China next month
What will she study tomorrow? She will study English
When will the party be? The party will be next Saturday
Future be going to

Affirmative statements

Subject + to be (am / are / is) + going to + verb base form + complement

Ex.
I am going to take a shower tomorrow
She is going to take a shower tomorrow
They are going to take a shower tomorrow

Negative statements

Subject + to be (am / are / is) + not + going to + verb base form + complement

Ex.
I am not going to cook dinner tomorrow
She is not going to go to school
They are not going to travel next month

Yes/No question

To be (am / are / is) + subject + going to + verb base form + complement + ?

Ex.
Are you going to go to the movies? Yes, I am No, I am not
Is she going to go to the movies? Yes, she is No, she is not
Are they going to go to the movies? Yes, they are No, they are not

Information question

Wh –word + to be (am / are / is) + subject + going to + verb base form + complement + ?

Ex.
Where are they going to travel next month? They are going to travel to China next month
What is she going to study tomorrow? She is going to study English
When is the party going to be? The party is going to be next Saturday
Present Prefect

Affirmative statements

Subject + have / has + verb past participle form (tercer columna) + complement

Have= for I/you/we/they

Has= he/she/it
Ex.
I have done my homework
They have done their homework
She has done their homework

Negative statement

Subject + have / has + not + verb past participle (tercer columna) + complement

Ex.
I have not traveled to Cancun since 2004 I haven’t traveled to Cancun since 2004
They have not cooked dinner yet They haven’t cooked dinner yet
He has not taken a shower yet He hasn’t taken a shower yet

Yes/No questions

Have/has + subject + verb past participle (tercer columna) + complement + ?

Ex.
Have you done your homework? Yes, I have No, I have not No, I haven’t
Has she watched the movie? Yes, she has No, she has not No, she
hasn’t

Information questions

Wh-word + have/has + subject + verb past participle (tercer columna) + complement + ?

Ex.
What have they studied? They have studied English
Where has she lived? She has lived in Tarija
How many times have you gone to a rock concert? I have gone to a rock concert several times
Past continuous

Affirmative statements

Subject + was / were + verb + ing + complement + ?

Ex.
I was reading a book
They were watching Tv
She was taking a shower

Negative statements

Subject + was / were + not + verb + ing + complement + ?

Ex.
They were cooking dinner
I was studying for my test
He was doing the laundry

Yes/No questions

Was/Were + subject + verb + ing + complement + ?

Ex.
Was she dancing? Yes, she was No, she was not / No, she wasn’t
Were you going to the movies? Yes, I was No, I was not / No, I wasn’t

Information questions

Wh – word + Was/Were + subject + verb + ing + complement + ?

Where were they going ? They were going to the movies.

What was she reading? She is reading a book
 RESUMEN

TIEMPO ORACION AFIRMATIVA ORACION NEGATIVA YES/NO QUESTION INFORMATION QUESTION

Verb to be Subject + verb to be (am, are, is) Subject + verb to be (am, Verb to be (am, are, is) + Wh –word + Verb to be (am, are,
+ complement. are, is) + not + subject + complement + ? is) + subject + complement + ?
complement. *who – question for subject
who + is + complement + ?
Simple Subject + *verb + complement Subject + do/does + not + Do/Does + subject + verb Wh – word + Do/Does + subject +
present verb base form + base form + complement + ? verb base form + complement + ?
*verb = base form for I / you / complement
we / they *who – question for subject
verb + s / verb + es = for he / she do= for I/you/we/they Who + verb third person singular +
/ it does= for he/she/it complement + ?

Past of be Subject + past of be (was/were) Subject + past of be Was / Were + subject Wh- word + Was / Were + subject
+ complement (was/were) + not +complement + ? +complement + ?
+complement
Was= I/he/she/it Was= I/he/she/it *who – question for subject
Were= you/we/they Were= you/we/they Who + was + complement + ?

Simple past Subject + verb in simple past + Subject + did + not + verb Did + subject + verb base Wh – word + Did + subject + verb
complement base form + complement form + complement + ? base form + complement + ?
*did not = didn’t *who – question for subject
Who + verb simple past +
complement + ?
Present Subject + verb to be (am, are , is) Subject + verb to be (am, Verb to be (am, are, is) + Wh – word + Verb to be (am, are,
continuous + verb + ing + complement are , is) + not + verb + ing subject + verb + ing + is) + subject + verb + ing +
(Present + complement complement +? complement +?
progressive) *who – question for subject
Who + is + verb + ing +
complement + ?

Future: Will Subject + will + verb base form + Subject + will + not + verb Will + subject + verb base Wh –word + will + subject + verb
complement base form + complement form + complement + ? base form + complement + ?
*who – question for subject
Will not = won’t Who + will + verb base form +
complement + ?
Future: be Subject + to be (am / are / is) + Subject + to be (am / are / To be (am / are / is) + subject Wh –word + to be (am / are / is) +
going to going to + verb base form + is) + not + going to + verb + going to + verb base form + subject + going to + verb base form
complement base form + complement complement + ? + complement + ?
*who – question for subject
Who + is + going to + verb base
form + complement + ?
Present Subject + have / has + verb past Subject + have / has + not Have/has + subject + verb Wh-word + have/has + subject +
perfect participle form (tercer columna) + verb past participle past participle (tercer verb past participle (tercer
+ complement (tercer columna) + columna) + complement + ? columna) + complement + ?
complement
Have= for I/you/we/they *who – question for subject
Has= he/she/it Who + has + verb past participle
(tercer columna) + complement + ?
Past Subject + was / were + verb + ing Subject + was / were + not Was/Were + subject + verb + Wh – word + Was/Were + subject +
continuous + complement + ? + verb + ing + complement ing + complement + ? verb + ing + complement + ?
+? *who – question for subject
Who + was + verb + ing +
complement + ?