THE SURVIVOR Volume 4 By Kurt Saxon JUST A FEW OF THE ARTICLES IN VOLUME 4 ‘+ Mckenzies Ten Thousand Recipes, 1065 (Complete 469 page text) Chickens tor Everyone Homemade Fallout Meter Wind-Driven Generator Beekeepin Miniature Illuminating Gas Plant Home-Made Lactic Acid Cultured Foods Are Welding Selling Up and Using a Band Saw Keeping Pigs Using the Drill Press Amateur Spectroscope Making Small Metal Castings Complete First aid kit Making High Frequency Qudin & Tesla Coils Freteutling in Wood 1A Metal Wood Turner's Lathe and Tools ‘Simple Radio Transmitting Set All-Purpose Work BenchSURVIVOR Vol. 4 THE THE Volume 4 Pillows Made from Cattail Down Popular Mechanies, 1925 ‘A cheap but satisfactory substitute for eider down, now very expensive, can be ‘obtained from cattails, which grow in Swamps or along the shores of streams, Takes, oF ponds tn almast all parts of the country. The heads of these plants should be gathered in the late. summer, wnen they are partly ripe, and the down re moved from them with the hands. Pillows filled with this material are extremely Jht and soft. Their cost is practically nothing. Emergency Lifting Device of Rope land Lever Popular Mechanics, 1919 When block and tackle, chain hoists, or similar equipment are not at handy the simple ar” rangement showa in the Iu is useful or lifting heavy Toads, Make the Tever A of a piece of 2 by Hn, stuff, and cut notches into it for the ropes, as indicated." From a suitable sup- port, B, fix the ropes Cand D to the lever A at the proper Rotches! pert fing the ends C-1 and D-l to be drawn down and fastened to the floor or other support, as required in raising the load. | Fix the rope E to the load W, and suspend it fom the lever A at the proper notch by means of a loop, E-l. To raise the Toad, bear doven onthe end ofthe lever when itis in its original position A-1, bringing it to the position A-2. This will bring the lower rope to position Draw up the slack in rope D, (0 bring the loop to position D-2, and fase ten it. Then lift the lever A from its position A-2, to the position A-3, and Graw up the slack in rope C to bring the loop up to position C-2. The lower rope will be brought to position E3, 1402 SURVIVOR By Kurt Saxon Copyriant WoTE by Kun Saxon SURVIVAL THINKING by Kurt Saxon Dave Font asked for an article on how to think; or how to put together all the confusing issues working up to the crash into a set of workable rules. Throughout the letter columns many have expressed confusion over how to handle all the conflicting attitudes between survivalists and standing up to the scoffing of non-survivalists. ‘So many have sald they had felt alone in their thinking until they read my works of those of other professional survivalists. Others told of the walls they ran up against when they tried to convince friends that civilization was in real trouble. What I'm going to try to do in this editorial is set up a system of ideas which will give the survivalist a fecling of rightness in his stand. I'd like to establish a kind of belongingness among individuals who are widely seperated. No one likes to feel he is alone in his thinking, unless he is a paranoid fanta- sizing that he's the only one who has the truth. Paranoids in the field just stumble on it. Without survivalism, they would just as likely have fancied themselves in contact with beings from outer space who would take them off the planet at the last minute. But normal survivalists need a set of common sources of identilication so they will not think they are paranoid. Also, such an identification would be useful in keeping the survivalist from getting discouraged when people scoff al reparations. Well, the survivalist is a loner by necessity, now. There are no real groups to Join, no armbands to wear, no dues to pay, no demonstrations to participate in, Soa survivalist can easily feel very different from those around him without being able to focus on an identifiable organization sharing his thoughts and i- deals, This can make one lonely, indeed. But there is no need for loneliness. There are mare potential survivalists around than you think. In fact, just about everyone with any sense shares your fears, but has not as yet seen a reason for optimism in the face of increasing adversity. This optimism is what sets off the survivalist from the non-surviva- list. Let me first explain to you that you are not alone in your anxieties about the future. | will also point out why your scofting neighbor is even more afraid of the future than you are. I'l describe him in an analogy which will let you know how afraid he Is and why he finds a kind of refuge in scoffing at your Preparations. Let's say your neighbor bought a plot of land and built his dream home on it, When it was finished he believed his security was assured. Then he went to got itinsured. The insurance agent looked at a geodesic survey map of that area and found the house to have been built on a major earthquake fault. No insurance. No fire insurance, lest a tremor break a gas main or cause an electrical short and cause a fire. Anything that might happen to the house, except something like a burglary, could be blamed on a tremor. The agent went on to explain that the areas due fora quake any time. Maybe in a month, a year, three years at most, since geologists have kept records of periodic quakes in that area. THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 By repeating this process. the load may be raised gradually. The ropes may. of course, be of various lengths within the range of the support and the ‘operators. Enamel Streale Aids Night Shooting Popular Mechanics, 1925 Poultry raisers are often bothered by nocturnal pronlers, such as skunks, wea els, porsuims, ete, which have the habit of robbing the hen house of the choicest fowls. A.shotgun is often used 19 shoot them, but due fo the darkness one cannot sim well and this result in poor shooting. it'has Been found that a strip of white cnamel, ins wide, painted down” the ssenter line of the barrel helps considerably in sighting at night. Catching Large Fish with a Teaspoon ‘Popular Mechanics, 1919 Teaspoons may be made into allur- ing trolling spoon hooks, of a size suit- able for catching large fish, by the ad- dition of hooks, as shown in the sketch, Drill Yo-in. holes near the end of the spoon handle, the tip of the bowl, and near the handle of the latter, Procure three sets of triple hooks, a wer, Ne Swivel tine swivel, and a strip of lead, about 1 in, long. Rivet one end of the swivel land the loop of one of the triple hooks into the hole of the handle. Wire the Jower end of this triple hook to the handle’ and with the same piece of copper wire secure a second triple hook at the thin part of the handle. ‘Drill a hole through the lead strip and t it, together with a third triple hook, into the upper hole of the bow. Fix the lower end of this hook by bind ing it with copper wire, through the hole near the tip of the bowl. This hook has been tested in the waters of Puget Sound and is a dead! Tore for rock Sod, and other Bah weigh ing up to 12 1b, ‘The famous barracuda and rock bass of the Catalina Islands have also been caught with it. By permitting the lure to sink to the bot- ‘tom and. bringing it up a yard or,two with a quick jerk, it acts gs a “jig” bait, ‘It may also be used ih trolling. Once a fish has struck, it is seldom able to escape— 1403 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 So what does your neighbor do? He has sunk all he has in that doomed home. He can’t afford a new plot or the price of moving the house to it. He can’t sell it since anyone with the price would also have the sense to ask why it wasn't insured. it he were a survi and fixtures to a salvage company or toa party and the money to afford moving it, either at a terrible loss, Then he would take what little he had, move to safer place and bulld a shack, But he is not a survivalist so he rationalizes that a quake will not hit In his lifetime, He develops an ulcer, takes up bedwetting, gets a prescription for valium and says, “This is the best of all possible worlds”. Don't you realize by now that the average person who has given you the horse-laugh has built his house on an earthquake fault? How many of those scoffers have everything they own, their lifestyles, their jobs, sunk in this foundering system? They know what's going on. They watch TV the same as you, read the same headlines, pay the same inflated prices for food and everything else. They just lack the guts to get out of the trap, even if, like an animal, they may have to chew a.leg off to get free. Can you blame them for looking for pie in the sky, rather than sacrificing all they now hold dear to survive the coming crash? Of course, I've pointed out in previous editorials that the change need not be s0 radical. But too many non-survivalists seem to believe that facing the whole picture would be too frightening and find it easier to hope for relief from sources outside themselves Everyone knows that the surplus population, the increasing government and technological incompetence, Moslem fanaticism in tha Middle East, communist erap-stirring worldwide, etc., is bringing world civilization down. They know this, but rafuse to admit its application to their own futures. Any uy you meet in a bar, after a few beers, will say the world is going to hell! in a handbasket. But the next day, he'll goon whistling in the dark, as usual. The only difference between a non-survivalist and you, is that the non-survi- valist lacks the confidence to prepare. He will scoff, rationalize, call you paranoid and then fall to his knees before the TV evangelist and ask Jesus to save him, Baring that, he might join a political extremist group and set out to save the world by bombing a politician's flower box. He might lose himself in drink or drugs. In his anxiety and frustration he might batter his child. He may go into mom and pop store, shooting the old couple and taking $50.00 from the register. He may turn to mugging. Losing himself in degeneracy, he might try to crash the Guiness Book of Records by scoring the most rapes in his area. You'll also find him in a leather club, beating or being beaten. He may sexually are also filled with people who say you're {ull of baloney. These are the selt-doomed, the damned and the undisciplined. ‘They know the end is near for their kind and before they go, they're going to indutge in every primeval, infantile fantasy they've ever entertained. In short, the people of this planet are going mad through anxiety over situations they can't cope with. Oh, you're not alone in your anxieties. Your special kind of aloneness simply manifests itself in facing reality, while those around you are going collectively mad. A bit of Black humor | Ike is the idea that the only one who keeps his head while all those around him are losing theirs 1s the one operating the Guillotine. You've got to be in control. You've got to approach everyone worthy within your sphere and tell them they can ride this out. Don't preach at them or argue. If they can't handle the situation, you're wasting time best spent on someone else. Instead of making a dabate of the issue, show them that you have a plan which helps you to face the same prob- lems inflicting them. Compare your respective situations and show them they are not alone and there are answers. Iremember Joining the John Birch Society In 1964. They would create chap- ters made up of citizens who met in the member's homes regularly. There theyrHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 LIGHTING A MATCH IN THE WIND Popular Mechanies, 1919 To light a match in a stiff wind ts very easy if the wood part back of the prepared end is cut and turned up about it be- fore striking the match. The. curled-up | shay- ngs about the eter will catch ire easily and hold a flame, where in the ordinary way it is easily blown out when the composition of the striker hhas burned up— Fuel Made fcom Balls of Paper Pulp Popular Mechanies, 1925 A good fuel ean be made by pulping old newspapers and forming. the. palp into Lalla A tub, or other large receptacle, is fe! wi the rape and they are, cv cred with water. It there is any tendene of the papers to float, a few stones will frold them under water, Te fe well to stund the container the sun, 38 (his ‘wil assist in reducing: the maierial to pulp. "The paper should always be Kept Covered with water; after three or four days it will be soft enough to form into halls about the size of Both fists. ‘The tals should be squected tard to extract 4s much of the water a= possible, and the Completed balls then set-aside’ to dry Witen ail the moisture has evaporated hey will be almost as hard as wood and ean be stored away for winter se Eggshells as Flowerpots Popular Mechanics, 1919 A novel method of caring for small plants until they are ready to be set out in the garden is shown in the photo. graph reproduced. Holes were bored inthe bottam of the till of an old trunk and eggshells fitted into them, Seeds Bae AGG inthe shetle “auth [ed of the watietied were wisleded them, The arangemeit is conic, and when the plants are ready" [or planting, the shells may be brokes, and the" ipintes set wow Wataring the ore 1404 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 would discuss many of the problems which have since grown Into major con cerns today. They talked over coffee and made it like a cordial little party. The only thing wrong with them was that they blamed all the approaching troubles on the communists, especially the Russians. It seemed that every bit of international and domestic skullduggery, all economic woes and even teenage acne were caused by the Russians. (I still get bulletins {rom various alert patriots explaining how the Russians are behind the bad weather, even though Moscow is being mobbed by peasants coming in {rom the countryside for meat. Russia's weather has been worse than ours, causing major crop losses, Dumb Russians for ruining the world’s weather and thereby starving their own people). The Birchers finally went out of business; at least, | haven't heard of them for yoars. They told what was wrong, and quite well. Bul they offered no solutions except to write letters of complaint. Also, they blamed the commu- nists for everything and our own system for nothing. Even so, thelrideas of local chapters where concemed citizens could get to~ gether was good. Survivalist chapters might be the answer to the need for community preparation for harder times ahead. If you would like to start a survival chapter in your area, I'll give you a few pointers on how to get started. First, put a classified ad in your local newspaper. Such ads cost very little. Put it in the “Personals” column and keep it running untit you have the group you need. You might word it like this; "Survival Seminar. If you are worried about inflation, government bungling, job security, the decline of the world's systems, etc., call — When people call up to enquire you can tell them it's just a non-political get-together to discuss individual and group preparation to make it through the worsening conditions facing the community. The discussions will deal with saving money on foods, starting home businesses, storing commodities soon tobe in short supply, etc Wf they seem interested, tell them your address and the evening of the meeting; Fridays are best. Ifa caller begins to argue and tell you everything is, fine, you're talking to a boob who is so locked into the system he can’t consid- eran alternative. He called because he's afraid and hoped you were some sort of phoney who would reinforce his hopes that his fears were unfounded. He's, t00 far gone. Tell him politely that he must have had something else in mind and wouldn't enjoy the group and then hang up. ‘The ones who have the guts to act will be receptive. They are the ones you ‘can count on for a good discussion. They may not accept all your ideas, nor you theirs. But such discussions will consolidate the worries your visitors have in commen. Then you and they will learn to think concerning those survival issues confronting those in your area. ‘You wouldn't need to begin your first meeting with the rougher aspects of survival, You could emphasize the logic of learning alternative trades, dozens of which are in the four volumes of THE SURVIVOR. Not one of the visitors could reject them all You might also emphasize buying in volume or even creating a food cooperative. The way this works is for everyone to list what they regularly buy. Then you could arrange for a visit to your nearest food wholesaler. Upon getting the wholesale prices for all the week's order, you could collect each member's share for what he will take, That way, the group would get all their food at wholesale rates. There are thousands of such community food cooperatives around the country and that's the best way to start a survival group, ‘You could also broach the idea of buying commodities by the case or the gross to resell or barter later. About three years ago, Johnny Carson jokingly predicted a shortage in toilet paper. There was nothing to it but a lot of people took him seriously. ‘One old lady panicked and bought 1000 cases of toilet paper. It finallyfol. 4 THE SURVIVOR Tropical Desert Plant Heals Radium Burns Popular Science Monthly. March 1998 BURNS caused by radium and by X rays are being successfully treated with aloe vera, a tropical desert plant shown In the photograph reproduced above. ‘The thick fleshy leaf of the plant con- tains gelatinous inner surface which {a applied to the burned portion of the skin. Requests for the plant have been made at botanical gardens in various cities for use in treatment. 1405 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ‘dawned on her that there was no shortage. However, she had the cases stored in an outbullding. A few months ago she decided to sell them back to the wholesaler. She got back over twice what she originally paid ‘This system would work with anything and Is far more sensible than putting money into a savings account. A member might buy 100 cases of 50 book cartons of matches. Another might buy several gross of packets of sewing needles and spools of threads. Razor blades, safety pins, office supplies such as ball point pens, pencils, erasers, etc., would be relatively cheap by the {gross and would rise in value over the months ahead, ‘You can get such commodities wholesale from jobbers listed in your shone ‘book or even from your local stores. The store owner would be glad to knock off 10% on cases of canned goods and such, And if you use the product regu- larly , you can be sure the price will have risen by the time you had used half the case. ‘The above money saving ideas would Immediately interest a general survival group and make them more raceptive to your ideas on the harsher aspects. To get them to accept the harder stuff, you could sell survival books to the members. For instance, you can buy 30 of my books in any selection for half price. You could resell them to group members and make a profit or just ‘enough over to pay for refreshments. You could work the same arrangement with other survival book publishers and your members would assemble fine survival libraries and think more your way as the weeks went by. Ina short time, you'd have a gung-ho survival group, the kind of which so many of you have been wanting. Not only will you have a tine survival group, but in helping others to think survival, you'd be getting your own thinking squared away. You and your group would then be the most stable force in the ‘community when the crash finally comes. he Grasshopper Catcher Built of Old Gas Tanks Popular Science Monthly, June 1998 TWENTY-THREE bushels of grass hoppers were gathered from a ten-acre field of alfalfa by S. Bell, of Manhattan, Kans,, with this s0-celled "hopper dozer, which was constructed for $2.60. He ot only saved the alfalfa, but also an adjoining field of 400 acres of corn, where the hoppers had started an int vasion, ‘Since st may be attached to a pas- senger car or light truck, the auto- type “dozer” covers much more ground than the conventional skimmer drawn by horses or mules (see “War on Grass Halts Insect Invasion," S p. 60). ‘Four disearied gasoline tanks were bought at an auto junk yard for twen- ty-five cents each. The tops were cut ‘open and bent back, and the tanks were then nailed to a frame consist- Ing of a 20-ft. length of 2 by 6-in. plank. and four 2 by 6-in. uprights. ‘The up- per part of the frame was covered with scrap galvanized iron sheets 26 in, high except at the center, where wire net- ting was used to give the car engine air. The completed “dozer” was hung on the car bumper by means of two hooks, Before use, each tank was halt filled. with water, and a quart of oll was added to act as an exterminator, ‘Tue early morning, when the grass- hoppers were enjoying the top of the al- falfa, was chosen as the time to move ‘against the pests, They were struck and Knocked down into the line of tanks where the oil floating on the water suf- focated them.()THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 1406 —<—_——— Making Small Castings in Metal ‘THE AMATEUR MECHANIC ‘England, 1920 ‘Tareas aro numberleas small articles, use- fal and omamental, which are éasily cist in metal at “home. Panels for fabinets, copies of old medals, tokens, Keyhole” plates, knobs, fect, “drawer. handles, ete., can be made st o trifling outlay.” For’ amall objects of a purely ornamental netare, type metal is. the moat convenient, being easy to melt, run ning well, and reproducing every detail of ‘a9, unlike most other metal, it expands in the process of cooling, due to the admixtare of antimony it contains, Simple designs with no undercutting may be readily cast from plaster moulds, care being taken to see that the angles of the ‘model are sloping enough to allow of the canting. lifting Ta foundry. par- lance, the model” is known a8 the et Casting a Panel.—Fig. 1 illustrates a casket, made of unpolished oak with an oll Gish, the sides and ends being omamented with panels in slight reli ast from type metal, the figure of the sphinx om the lid also of this metal. All these can be modelled first in clay, then a mould made in plaster-of- is, and a casting made from this in tal, the effect in contrast. with in Oak being very rich, as the Fig Mould for ing Spine ponds resemble old silverware. In mak- fg the clay model, avoid undercutting, aint take all th incbed new Vetiape, 0 as to enable the cast to lift easly. The mould when way for caning mage, (acloed) thoroughly worked fom oroughly wor Eistaluw vite ant tf eae the metal gaining acres t0.overy part, the mond chould be mde fairly hot before pouring takes place, Of course, in cat= Ing a metal pancl there must be @ wood fre oncirding tho plaster mould, © a8 1 gigi th Biko ofthe cing tad whatever enkiog on te done with a tee cay. ‘The cleanest method of casting is to make « ood box of thin material exactly the size of the panel, which latter forms the bottom of the box, the lid closing down #0 ast leave only. about space between it. and the mould, which, of course, determines the thickness of the ting. When placed on. en should be done sm & hole in tho of tho box, » small day gr cardboard funnel being used to guide the stream o! etal, anda few pinholes in the comers Of the box will be suficiet for the escape of air, ete. Casting a Figure—lig. 2 is sec. tional view of the mould nevesary for the figure of the sphinx, in which the model is placed on a flat‘surface glass or tie, and the plaster heaped up Until it covers exactly” halfway (sce the vertical fine) The plaster is confined to thi ‘area by packiag up the other side with clay, and after the fit side of the mould otitis taken. off, cut toa clean lifting surface, and. a few holes bored to make Ft key with the other side of the mould, ‘After this is dono the half is well oiled, replaced on the model, and, the second half buile up to its edge as illustrated, ret us Fie Fie. 3 10 6—Keyhole Plates Berend nose. od for feet for stands and cabinets, and are given solely with the object of showing the large interesting art, THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ‘To cast from this mould, the interior is well rubbed with plumbago, the two hnalves are tied together, and when in- verted the metal is poured in from what constitutes the. base, pressing the sur face of the metal while still soft with a moth board soos to obein level sur face ‘This figure could alo be east hollow by the process deseribed Inter (eee p. 378) a8 “Cire perdu,” undercutting being then no ‘Obfects of this description are improved by filing the crevices with a mixture of Jnmpbiack and boiled oi, and then polish {ng all the prominent, parts with metal polish ; this brings the modelling into strong relief. Casting Keyhole Plates.—Figs. 3 to 6 show the pomibilties of what can be done in keyhole plates, Figs. 4 and 6 being the end views of the respective castings. ‘The models for these may be done in elay, wax, oF plasticine, avoiding all under cutting nd keeping the engraved Hines open. ‘The Key-way should be eut ot ‘modelled at an angie (as shown by the slanting linea in the side section) so as to lift Out easily. Handles and Feet.—Higs. 7, to 10 show examples of whet can be done in handles for the drawers and doors of * eabinets, the rings being, of cours, added fter tho ensting is done, and holes for their reception drilled thro of the Ser oi are auigea eaabie Tange of possbilitios of this Casting in Waste Moulds. —A waste mould is a mould that must be destroyed in releasing tho cast. ‘The casting of ara object by means of uch moulds ig anal mf obeaiueg eel cas of frat, plants, insta, and any moll bird or animal.” In the mould shown by Figs. 14 and 15 the object is fan ear of wheat, and if eare is taken, 0 copy, pees every deal, may be ily'east in type-metal or any’ of the ‘earlly fusible alloys, Any model that can tbe burnt may be used "Take a cantboard. box large enough to hold the object when embedded in. plas- ter, a9 shown at a (Fig. 1). ‘The model ‘supported on the tapering wood peg 2, which is thrust through the bottom of the Box, the pog, when withdrawn after the plaster is set, forming the gate by which The metal is fun in. ‘The first step is to ‘push 9 through the bottom of the box far enough to support the model well away from the sides, and to the top of ‘this peg the object: to be east may bo afbxed by a spot of glue or wax. is a tapering pieos of stecl wire, part of @ ‘knitting heedo will do, which ia alsoTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 je through the bottom of the box Shins te ojos inn pedi is wie should just touch the lowest part of the obfect, and when withdrawn forms the riser for the casting. Having got. the object and the two ‘pews into position as seen in Fig, 14, {hose paris of c and n that are inside the box should be painted with litte ol fer thick soap solution, 20 as to. enable eo. Fig 14 —Medel (Bar of Fig, 15—Model Barat ‘Wiheat) Surrounded “Out to Makes by Planer Mout them to bo easily withdrawn from the plaster A thin plasters now, made 1 part of plaster-of-paris and 2 parts of fine brickduse mixed with. water, and this is carefully poured in until the model is covered up to the shaded portion as shown, ‘In filing in this plaster, it should be well worked into the details of fhe model with « cameLbaiz bruh, 60 spaces aro left and all th filed, “and should then bo allowed to set. When hard the pegs ‘and p are withdrawn, and the mould first gently dried in an oven, and then heated Up until the model is completely. burt, the ssh being blown out. through the channel_e by blowing through -c. As some difficulty is found in reducing the abject to ashes, it is advisable to. soak it previous to casting in a strong solu- tion of saltpetre, which, after drying, causes it, to. bum away ‘freely, leaving only a slight residue of white ash, ig. 15 shows the mould reversed ready for casting, a basin-shaped cavity bein cut away at nso as to take the fuk metal, while the small channel at allows the sir to escape, and when fall ‘of metal shows the casting to be com: ote ‘When the metal is cold, it only remains to break the mould and to cut away the waste metal formed by the dead end at and the riser at c, when a delicate copy of the model should be the result, Uring the two pegs ax desribed will be found a better method than suspending 1407 the objects by means of string, and the aches are also blown out tateh more casily. The “Cire perdu" Process.—A Emcee of cating’ mnuch used ‘hy the old talions for their statuary is known as {Gite pend.” A waste mould i vied, but only @ thin shell of motal is cast round a central ¢oré. ‘The model, which is of olay, ia tightly smaller than the casting required, and the fine details are not worked outonit. ‘The example in Fig. 16 shows an elephant 4 on a base, and the entire model has a costing of wax given to it of the same thickness as the coating is required. This wax layer which ‘may be produced by immersion in bath of ‘molten wax, receives all the finishing touches of the modeller, such as the fine ereases and folds in the akin, hairs, and the markings of the eyes, ete,, and the wax coat extends quite down Fig 1 Model ad foe Casting to the bottom of the base, as shown by the thick line . During:'the modell of the base, four stripe of sheet met fre embedded one on ach side, half of each being left projecting #) as to «1 withthe doe of the meal (ae ne 16 ond 17), ‘This is important. in’ order to keep the central core at a fixed dis tance from the walls of the mould, Having coated the model and given all the finishing touches to it, the bonds x fare scraped free from wax and the tip of the trunk as well aa the extremity of the tail are connected by two small wax bonds to the base (ace p).” ‘This allows the metal to feed in at these points, while it also helps to drain away the melted Wax. The entire model is now placed on a hoard between four retaining walls, a cardboard box serving this purpose ex cellently, and a mixture of brickdust and plaster made into a thick eream with Water is run in until the model is covered. After ‘the plaster hax sot firmly the ‘mould is reversed, and half the base (see ») is eut out with a chisel, ‘This space, 4 THE SURVIVOR Vol. which is not deep enough to interfere with the four bonds, forms a feeding area, into ‘which the molten metal ia Poured. ‘ ‘The mould is now placed in en oven in the position shown in Fig. 16, and on heating the wax layer melts and rine ‘yay, leaving a space between the walls 3¢ model and the mould, the central core being Kept in its place by the four Sonus Wigs Bic dhe on 2a cat of the four sides, Fig. 17 shows the mould tumed upside own in the position for pouring, the Fig 18, —Tabing 1 Papier-ndehé Matrix metal finding ite way in along the aos rua at Me there being no necessity for rising chan: nels, as the feeding area is 80 great, while the head of metal held in the cavity ensures all parts of the énating being supplied, i Casting from Papier-maché Matrix, —Popier-miché makes.o good matrix and is well adapted for takeing casts from very fine and shallow engravings, where the plate of metal is very thin, ‘The prooess Js-as follows: Tho plate is slightly olled all over its surface, and & sheet of soft tissue-paper is pasted smoothly to iD e Fife 19 tol 22—Frame for Makiog Cant 1 fon Pioleramshe Masi ® shoot of newspaper and lid onthe face of the engraving. Over this «thin, damp cloth is spread, and 4 brush made from stif hai all of one length ike a stenci brah the paper worked ie al the lines of the goavtog care beng taken not te. uso the brush so forcibly as to tear the paper, "Fig. 18 illstter the general method, and in this figure the Engraved face & shown in section at After ‘he fir sheet has’ been applied and. well beaten in, other pasted ers Fellow, cach being worked ell in ith the dibbing brash, while the last thre ot four layers should be of stonter paper tovimpare strength and @urabiity. Rin:‘THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ‘Gate aod Riser ally, weight is spplicd, and the paper left tll dry, when the matrix should come away easly from the slate, carrying a clean, sharp copy of the im Tt is next timed tothe neo the ling frame (Fig. 19), ¢ embossed _por- tion in dusted over with finely powdered Plumbego, which should be well worked ito the details with a fine, oft brush. ‘The casting frame is shown in side sée- tion by Fig. 20, where is the wall of the mould, ¢ the matrix, aod x the apece for the fuid metal. As shown in Fig. 19, ais the gate for running in the metal, Gnd» in & small circulor opening, which Allows the air to escape and serves the ‘purpose of iter, a | Fig. 23—Plotore Frame ia Paster Casting s Frame in Plaster Mould. —Fige. 21 to 28 show a metal portrait frame with ‘details for casting it in & plaster-of-paris mould. The model, which nay be worked out in clay, is weil oiled find then immered half ita depth in lguid Hier this has set, the surface of the plaster is cut level,’ well.soaped or oiled, nd the upper frame ® placed in posi tion and filled with plaster. 4 shows the model embedded in the mould, the lifting burface being indicated by the straight Tine which interacets the whole, and it only remains, after both, sides ave set, to fut the ingate mand the riser at (Fig. 32). Tn casting, the usual of dst ‘the mould well with powdered plambago should be fellowed, thd the made ay, instead of bel in clay, be 8 Sol ar auvelneed tems already in ‘use, but in this case all parta which are tindereut must be carefully filled up with clay of plasticine 10 a to lift easily. 22, Picare-frsne Mia wik Pound MY. ‘plaster held in the tray c (Fig. 23). i the procem; bat if the heat ia not tos Nike bum it, and the wurface is ith lnyer of charcoal, wil cart yuare thou’ top, made of fine ‘and lined ‘with small fireclay Fig. 27.—Fireelay Foroece Tor Bist fireclay, ‘The chimney tead- ‘angular portion ot B is cut away for Gis edmision of nin A row of fie-bare ip shown at 4, resting ot each end on flange, ieee bars support, the coke sel ihe cute, wile Up corned during working’ with a . Fig, $5 thows nother of the same style made from a 2ft. longth of 12in. cast pipe, also with cut away an shown at 2: Both these Furnaces mush be lined with firebrick slips cemented to the walls with. fireclay ;, this last may be purchased diy and should be mixed. with water to a stiff paste, which, after beating well, should be allowed to’ stand © few days to temper. ‘Tho furnace shown. by Fig. 26 is cons structed from two old plumbago cru cibles of different sizes, 4 and 3. The inner one has the bottoms chipped out and ita place taken by a small iron gully grate, ‘8 cireular hole is cut in the langer one st D to edmit air from « pair of bellows. Tin all these three furnaces the fuel used is coke. Common gas coke will answer, but as this always contains mach sulphur, it, is advisable to buy furnsco coke, which is more expensive, but goes con= THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 siderably farther. ‘The coke should be the size of marbles, and alter heating up ‘with the blast, « hole should be made in the centre to ‘accommodate the erucible, then drawing the fucl round the rides, 27 isa cross section through © eu ‘that is made entirely of fire: ‘clay in the shape of a cheese-box, and ‘which could be easily made at home from freeay and some iron hooping. ‘The fore auing boa of alent Th diameter in the lid for the escape of ‘yurnt gases, and a semicircular iron hhandle is also fitted to the lid ; m is the say for te ir Ble wil ois that for e ie two being adjustable %0 Poll oper faint, which, ‘when wor eotively, should emerge 8 couple of inches out of the hole 4. Crucibles.—These are of either clay or plumbago of the shapes shown at 4 and in Fg. 28, the tops of the clay ones ‘being unually triangular to admit of ‘eaxy pouring, while those of plumbago have ‘sommonly slip, ‘The clay ones are made ‘of a mixture of fireclay with cement, burnt ‘clay, ote,and have the drawback of ebsorb- ing moisture, which lays them open to the ‘attacks of frost. Those termed plumbago cy are made from fireclay mixed with powe "fringe Cron eod Toop dered graphite, and their cost is roughly 1d. per pound, caleulated on the weigh’ of metal which they hold. All crucibles ‘should be annealed before use, which is done by heating them in the furnace for ‘an hour or ¢0 in an inverted position—thab ‘mouth downwardsand allowing them to cool ve ,. itt secre ee otal ae ts ok shown at ¢ (Fig. 28), where the ends of the tongs encirele the crucible ; this method of lifting is safer than taking hold of ‘one portion of the side. Moulding Sand and Flask.—For the moulds, sand forms the best’ material, i adhesive, ond porous, while it retains any form given to it very sharply, and yet it is so open it stragtre 18 to alow goes to eacape freely. Sand containing lime or mage neait is too dense to be of any use, wi for fine work a proportion of Joam is mixed with the sand; but in this latter ‘case the ramming must not be so tight as for sand alone, or the gases cannot cscope. For work on a small scalo the ‘best procured from a brasefounder ;THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 but it should be well sifted before use, and sand is now flat and smooth as repre- tween metal amped slightly before pressing into the boxes. New sind must be used for ram ming against the side of the model, os tho grains of this are sharper and cohere better than old or burt sand; but old sand may be used for filling up the rest of the m ‘The me sand is held in a box known a8 a “flask,” the susual sy which ib shown by Fig. 20. The desk oasis lwo. eeurgly made wood frames, there being four pins» on bracketa Se ig the loves rane, te pce Feeponting with holes ain the brasketa on the pret frames" these must Mt occ ‘asi tat oth avo of the moa tre. in. perfec register, otherwise, the vil to ditted'by ons tte of the mould not coinciding with the other. Teo cedar hee, ball In cach ame, wil be cen ot tho end of the flask i Fig. 29." One of these. forme the gale for pouring in the metal, while the other allows gases and steam to scape. and forms a riser which, by overtiowing, shows that the moulds fal Moulding and Pouring in Brase Casting.—fig. 0 is-a section of a model tind mould, th fling of whieh is dono as follows: ‘Te btm fame ft on fist moulding board, and is fled up with damp send ramamed “ap tight Ghrocghoats A onvity ie mow cal gah large enough to hold the model embedded to half its thickness, and a litle fresh sprinkled in this and the model ‘The euface of the sand is rammed up tight, f up with sand until level, 1409 stented by the line p, and this surface 4s now well sprinkled with parting sand, which allows the top packing to leave it readily when lifted. ‘The frame pis now placed on ¢ by means of the and holes in the four brackets, and after sprinkling little fresh sand over the model 4, the top frame is sell rammed Tt should now 1be-as shown, the model a firmly embedded in the middle of well-packed sand, which, however, easily separates by reason of tho parting sand when the top frame is lifted from the lower, The upper frame hhas now moulding board placed on it, tand gently rapped with a mallet to render the model easy to lift. ‘The upper frame B is lifted off, the model lifted atraight out 0 a8 not to disturb the sand, and Ae oo, cavities, representing the! Se halves of the model, dusted lightly, first with pea-meal, and then with finely powdered charcosl. Channels are now out from the cavity to the ingete and the riser, and after gently blowing avay the surplus char- Coal, the two frames are put together ‘ind the backboards bolted together, as shown in Pig. 81.” The metal is now an jn until it overiows through the riser, good head of metal being kept in the feeding basin so a8 to ensure all the: Lines 6f the mould being properly filled. Char- coal is used for preventing the metal from buming the sand, and so forming tough castings. It nets by burning, and thus ving off gases which form a layer be KY teh |G a AWA el Fig, 30.—Seetion of Mode! tnd Mould for Brust Cat Fig. 32-—Metal Figure for Cabinet THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 and sand, while the pea meal helps the charcoal to adliere to the mould’s sides, which otherwise: it ‘would have little afinity for. Parting sand for brass moulding is made from finely powdered firebrick dust, ite nature preventing the two surfaces of sand in the upper and lower frames from cohering: for very fine work, loam ix added to the sand, while the’ ramming 4s not ao hard, v0 a9 to allow the grees escape. Various Models.—Fig. 32 shows a series of aiaall models half embedded in the lower half of the flask; these have their cavities connected to a central channel, 0 thats large number of articles ‘may be cast together, each bei connected when cold bya thin metal bond to the runner. Figs. 88, 34, and 35 show the model for a drawer handle, which may bo cut out of thin, hard wood, and polished to lift easily. ‘Fig, 34 is @ se0- ‘ion showing the bevel and’ the boaser a 35). This handle the handle (Fig mae’ be either out from sheet metal or cast separately, the bosses being drilled to reocive the énds of the handle, which is sprung in. Figs. 36 and 37 ‘show models suitable for the enrichment of fimall cabinets, ete, while Fig. 38 is an idea capable of working out im wood or Plaster for a picture frame, the final cast- ing being made in brass or bronze. The gates or runners for brass require to be much larger than for iron; but the head of molten metal for feeding need not be to big, nor isthe riser channel 0 eens tind, Making Brass.—The making and cast fing of btiss require many_ precautions, luo to the liability of the zine. contained fn the alloy to bum off; end the custom is to melt the zine in a crucible and add tho copper in small portions at a. time, neatly solid alloy is produced. i oken up aid re-melid with th oper proportions of tine. A. certain Ce ee eta e ttre of the copper and zine. ‘The suitable proportions by weight are: 41 parts of ‘ld brass, 55 parts of copper, and 24 parts of zinc, ‘The old brass is first in- ‘troduoed and melted down, then half the zine in small picoes covered with a layer ‘of coal dust, then half the copper with a layer of coal dust, followed by the re- mainder of the zine and copper with coal dust in between and on the surface, ‘The whole is now heated for about three to four hours, and, after skimming the surface, is ready for casting Making Pewter, Gunmetal, and Pinchbeck.~Pewter, which isan alloy of 4 parts of tin with 1 part of lead, melts ‘much more easily than either of the two metals separately, and may. be ast, Gunmetal consiste of 90) parts of copper to $f parts of tin. Tt i harder ‘and more fusible than copper, and on‘THE SURVIVOR Vol. account of the difference in the specific _gravitics it is difficult: to mix ; but the usual method is to melt the tin with ‘wive its weight of copper, then re-molt with the proper amount of copper with ‘constant stirrings. Panchbeek is eom- pored of 3 parts of copper to L-part of ‘zine, and Prinee’s metal of equal parts of the two. Casting Aluminium, — Aluminium ‘melts between the heat of antimony and silver, namely 1,200° F., and as it does not 4 volatilise there is no danger of loss. It, hhowover, absorbs gases when raised much higher than its melting point, and is Liable ‘to give spongy castings. Plum POPULAR SCIENCE 1410 cibles with lids should be used for this metal, and the sand should not be rammed very hard, while large ingates and risers are necessary. No Hux ip required, but when dirty scrap metal is used, a little saltpetre should be foreed down to the bottom of the erucible. Useful alloys of aluminium are: Cop- per I part, nickel 3 parts, and auminium 96 ports;;"or for light machine parts, 82 parts of aluminium, 1S parts cf zinc, and 3 parts of tin. Bismuth and Cadmium Alloys.—Al- loys of bismuth and cadmiuin are peculiat inasmuch a8 their melting points’ are far below their constituents, some melting A SIMPLY MADE BUT VERY UFELIKE DUMMY FOR THE AMATEUR VENTRILOQUIST THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 readily in hot water, which males thom ay fot ott pos wood or paper matrices, The following eect te my Gaia aioe Elpowtt’s alloy, reli at 100" Fy Sn sists of 8 parts of lead, 4 parts of tin, 3 parts of cadmium, and 15 parts of bis: mnt sali cement consi eit 8 parte. , of antimony, and 1 part of Dimuth! Rose's motel wolting Tres" roman df yaad at ek 3 poe Sf dar and 8 parte of noth An casly mated alloy, mitale for casting from ‘wood engravings, come of & parte of lead, 3 parts of ead S parte of tin, and 8 he face it shopad from chidton 3 Tee hashes June 1938 By ‘OPSY is an intriguing ventriloquis’s §=— K EN NETH anny you cacao tom ess naive Toaterials without any spe pies mate eet ae nime §©=MURRAY comes from FOFULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, for Which he was specially designed. He wags {his jew realistically and, if you want to take ‘a little extra trouble, he can be made to wink, wiggle an ear, smoke, spit, or even blush! Mfeaching him to talk takes a little practice, of course, but {t's not nearly so hard as com- monly believed, and once you learn the trick, you will be able to entertain and astonish The mold Your friends. fr9 por ‘Modeling clay, a plaster mold, and paper '0,*h* fi pulp or papier-mdché are the materials used in making the head. Sculptur- ing the head in modeling clay may seem to require consider fable ski, but this Is mostly an iMusion, as you will quickly learn at the arst trial. The inexpensive nondrying clay sold for the use of children is quite eatistactory. To reduce the amount of clay needed, a glass globe from an old light- Ing fisture, or any other smooth, object slightly smaller than the head, may be used. Warm. the clay, spread it out into a sheet about % in, thlek, and press paper are placed clay a0 that they over- ap, it will be easter to separate the clay from the globe later on. ‘Take a small lump of clay between ‘your hands and with a back-and-forth ‘movement of the palms form it into a long roll. Strips of this can be pressed fn place on the face to the shape of the mouth and eyebrows. Roll another ehunle between your hands to form ‘mall balls, which will serve as the foundation for cheeks and nose, Cut ‘8 small ball of clay in half with a knife ‘and attach each half in place for pro- truding eyes, ‘The clay should by now have some eemblance of a face, but it will require ‘the addition of other small pieces and considerable smoothing up. Go overTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 each of the crude features you have made with @ finger or thumb, impart- ing a aliding pressure go that the parta will be nicely blended into the back- Bround clay. Tt will be necessary to Place extra bits of clay here and there, And to add a cardboard sleeve to the mouth of the globe in order to shape the neck. If you intend setting moy- able eyes into the head later, it is ad- Yisable to shape only the ‘bare eye sockets, because the eye holes canbe cet in the face of the paper head when it is made, If you do not wish to use artifciat (crape) hair in finishing the Read later, you can secure a hair effect by passing the teeth of a fine comb over the clay to leave shallow furrows ‘The back part of the head is quick- Jy made in & similar manner. Tf you ‘winh, this can be done after you have Balahed with the globe in making the face, because the mold i east in two. parte—the front and the back of the head. Be sure that the clay is of the same thickness in both halves 0 that the paper halves of the head can be Jolned up tater. Lightly oll or grease the clay before making the plaster mold, One method is to mix up a bateh of fairly thick Plaster of Paris and dab it over the clay, gradually buildiag it up into thick ‘mold. Be sure that the. plaster reaches every part of the surface and that it contains no alr pockets. A method that requires more plaster Is Ths o bette vant figura," as profess illusion then cheop commerci 141. to use a thin mix, pour it into a box of suitable size, and press the clay face Part way into it. Again, avoid air Pockets, Allow the plaster to set and dry for several hours before attempting to re- move the model from the half mold. Af any bits of clay should stick to the ‘mold when the model is lifted out, re- move them carefully. It may be ‘nec- ‘essary to wait a day or two until the nals ell if, gives Simmies THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 the sides and bottom of the movable chin, ond @ ‘cemented un h fo conceal the perty mold is perfectly dry, when the inside should be coated with petroleum jelly. Ordinary newspaper is satisfactory for molding the head. Soak it for a few minutes in a wallpaper-paste solu- tion, then tear off small, irregularly shaped pieces and press them in place inside the plaster mold, Al- low ench to overlap slightly, and be sure that all indenta- tions are reached. ‘The paper dry, the of the ad fom th Plaster mold Sed the joining Sager tmecthe aTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 1412 THE SURVIVOR Vol. The body, lef ih made of 9 ste to wit shoul be built up into a thick- tecdl Note ew con ness of about 3/16 In., and it Belg oe ond gor event fe most satisfactory to. build ond “hwo. varieties of eyelde up @ thin Inyer and allow st to dry be- fore adding succeeding ayers. ‘The paper form must be absolutely dry be- fore it is lifted out, and the halves {face and back of head) can then be trimmed with selssors so as to fit to- gether evenly. ‘At this time you ean Introduce the various mechanisms, if you wish to use more than the mouth movement. It is much simpler to do so now than to insert them through the neck open- ing later. Various suggestions are given in the accompanying drawings. Join the halves with glue and, when it is dry, reach in through the neck and reinforce the jot with more pieces of newspaper that have been soaked in saith ieetehrar ERE ory fo #960 low, stocking erope hawt 4THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 paste. The outside must then be thor» oughly gone over with fine sandpaper to give it a perfectly smooth finish. ‘One of the illustrations shows how the chin ig separated from the head with a razor blade to provide the mouth movement. A block of wood, one end rounded, {9 glued inside the chin, and the other end hinged as shown in a drawing. Cement a piece of thin cham- ols over the opening underneath the chin; then enamel the entire head @ flesh color. ‘Artificial hair is attached with ce- ment, or hair may be simulated with dark’ enamel. HE body is only a weod frame covered with cloth and padded to represent the trunk. Over the body frame is fitted either an adult's suit that has been altered Sea child's outét of the correct size. The arms and legs are merely cloth sleeves that have been well padded and sewn across to represent joints. In making up the face, photo olf colors may be used on the lips and cheeks and to simulate the eyebrows fand eyelashes, unless the latter are made of actual hair. How to become a ventriloquist. is the next problem. ‘The beginner is Secrets Of Ventriloquism How To Acquire This 1880 Much has been written regarding this popular form “or entertainment and it is our aim to simplify and not to-confuse as ‘In a majority of cases ‘Ventriloquism is not the throwing o! the volce as people are led to believe ‘ imitation. of distant voleés. Ventriloquiam conslata of two but merely the kinds used dummies distant and near, in connection with that are so 1413 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ‘When it is time for the figure to reply, talk in your “new” voice without move- ment of the lips, and move the figure’s mouth to synchronize with the sounds. Avoid words containing letters such a5 2, m, and p, which must be slurred in. onder to avoid moving the lips. Above all, 100K at the fgure as if you actually were listening to it speak. 7) to speak from the belly.” ‘This is as much f@ fallacy as the favored expression that a ventriloquist “throws his voice.” ‘The very essence of the work, ex- ‘pressed simply, consists first in the cul- tivation of @ pleasant, full-toned ‘speaking volee of your own and the enunciation of each word clearly with a full movement of your lips, This is the voice in which you address the figure. Second, you Will need to de- velop a new volee, as unlike your nat- ural voice as possible, and coming from as deeply in your throat as pos- ‘sible. Tn other words, draw the sounds from your throat instead of forming ‘them in the mouth. This is not difficult to lear. Third, in using the latter voice, keep your lips slightly parted due absolutely immovable, Some pro- fessionals utilize for this purpose a device Known as the “Abbott gim- mick,"'a recently developed mechanical ‘aid in keeping the teeth parte mistake this for the 50 throat” or "bird warbler ‘The best plan is to practice before a mirror with the figure on one knee and with finger or thumb in the ring that controls its mouth movement. The hhead can be turned by turning the con- trol stick. Speak to the figure in your natural voice, using full lip movement, often told that the word means trexsed Popsy wears on informal cecarions. A'ehlds clothing may be adupied Fer shit ay aferced with wood tne in place, and wood honds, which rad fo. suffed lover Left Em meteup con be applied with phate ol colors that should be the starting point and Test will come Tater and be far easier. Secure one or two ventrioquial “igures and you are prepared for work. Select. your Alalogue “and. practice the following: © ‘Stand before a_mir- ror and speak. “While Speaking, maintain. © fixity of countenance and @ rigidity of mus- cles ‘and nerves about the face and lips, 30 ‘Child. Amusing Art ‘The latter is the ‘wooden popular andTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 that, no visible mov ment ean Do mothced gy Gegin by saying as distinctly as pos- ainle’the ‘vowel sounds--AsE-1-0-U, Next loge the mouth and rest the upper teeth on the inner part of the lower lip, but be sure that your ex- pression ie easy and natural, Tt is tsn’t Tnake it so, Now, practice the vowel sounds again, ‘Some letters cannot be easily pro- nounced in. ventriloqulsm. ‘These are Dob. m. All words containing these Ketters will be hard to speak, When necessary to utter such 1 word you should. substitute some similar sounds, or turn your mouth away from. the eudience, so that you can move your lips without belng seen, ‘Tho former method, "however, 1s preferable and should be generaly adopted, For Instance: If you wish to pro- nounce m word with a “p” in It, sub- 1414 THE SURVIVOR Vol. stitute, “for “ke For “plano” “teano” or “Keano"” For “in” a or molasses” say Ses." “bY ubetitute, 0" ore For “being” say “veing" or “gelng: Speak in the natural voice or the volee of some character you wish to impersonate. Por instance, if you have an’ Irish. figure, talk. in "the peculiar brogue known’ to" the” Irish "people, Your muccent depends on how well you work your figures. husion 18 Tea" out by the "movable Jaw, whence there leno need of the sound’ of any distant voice, Xf you place a figure on tiher side of you, 2 test distant and peak without moving the lips, the Volee will apparently come from” th figure “whore Jaw. moves, Howeve! You must use a tittle trickery. and i dicate to the audience by word oF me {ure,"arom "waleh figure ehe velco wil say 4 POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY AUGUST, 1938 Wind-Driven - Generator By KENDALL LECTRIC current for lights and radlo ina vacation home may be ‘obtained at a cost that should not exceed ten dollara by building ‘8 wind-driven plant from a used auto- ‘mobile generator in good condition and some odds and ends of materials, most of which may be obtained from salvage ‘The generator may be geared up for proper speed, but it la much better to Fewind it to ‘run at @ greatly reduced speed, Practically any type of auto- mobile generator may be adapted, but the outst described is built around a twenty-eight bar commute tor, such as is used on the Ford A, Chevrolet, Plymouth, ‘and Pontiae. Remove the cut-out coll from the generator, noting which terminal is connected to the gen- erator terminal, Remove arma. ture windings carefully. Note arrangement of original arma- ture eoils. Clean slots in commu- tator bars with a hack-saw blade, Cut fourteen pieces of insulating paper, 2 by 2% in., fold length- wise, and place one in each slot with the fends extending an equal distance as the "The paper may be jotors and generators winding progresses ‘obtained wherever are repaired, FORD ‘The armature winding requires 145 1b. of No, 20 célenamel wire. Cotton-enamel may be substituted, but the generator will require @ higher speed since fewer turns fan be use, Tn that case, see that each oil fs reduced the same number of turns Nithber the armature slots from 1 to 14 with a sharp tool, and the corresponding commutator bars from 1 to 28 (Fig. 2). Divide the wire into two equal amounts, ‘wound on separate spools, as two wires!) are wound together. Solder two ends of; wire in slate 6.and 7 of commutator, meg Rewound armature the two wires in armature slot 1, and continue around to armature slot 7, then back through armature slot 1, and continue winding until fourteen double tums have been wound on the arma- Connect. the coil ends to com- ture, jmutator bars 7 and 8 (Fig. 2). clearness, one armature wire is fas 8 gold line, the other as a broken Tine. ‘To save space, all wires in the farmature slot should be parallel with ach other, Prose them in with a fiat ieee of ber or wood. ‘Connect ends of colla to commutator exactly as in Fig, 2, so mark the wires fea the coils are being wound, or test the colle with a dry cell and buzzer before: they are connected to the commutator. Continue this _pro- cedure untilthe arma- ture is completely ForTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 wound. See that the Solder does not bridge two sections of the commutator. Cut the ineulation paper off about % in. above the armature, fold the ends Into the armature slot, and hold down with a ber or wood wedge similar to that used on the original winding. Paint the completed armature with several coats fight ito closeup of i pomrotor ‘heving @ palley ond the cable for adjusting the vone 141s THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 oooer Fic. roeaet Tween acd | “| Fat mane Wiring Diegtam reaTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 of ineulating varnish, allowing each to ary thoroughly. ‘Mark the eld pole pieces 20 they can bbe replaced in their original positions; then remove them and the fleld coils, Make a wooden winding form, the ecn- ter of which is the same size as the ‘opening in the original field colls. Wind two new field colls im same direction as the old ones, each consisting of 220 turns of No. 20 celenamel wire (approximately 14 1b. will be neededaltogether), Connect exactly Uke the original field coils. Wrap colls with cotton tape and cover with insulating varnish or shellac. Replace the pole pleces and new coils, and connect ends to same brush and ground terminals as betore. ‘Shape the end of a I-in. pipe (long. enough to extend below the larger sup- porting pipe) as in Fig. 10 and mount the generator as shown at Fig. 5. Drive fa short plece of 1%-in. pipe over the ein, pipe and solder a metal bearing cover to it. A set of ball bearings and raceway to fit the 1-in. pipe may be pleked up in an automobile wrecking Note that the pipe sizes are trade sizes, not the actual sizes in inches. The outside diameters of pipes may vary somewnat, 20 it is advisable to. select pieces that wil make a fairly snug At ‘when one fa placed inside the other. ‘The collecting rings and brushes are shown at Figs, 10 and 1, The gener ‘ator should be placed as high as pos- aible, clear of surrounding objects. The mounting tower may be either wood oF angle iron. ‘An adjustable vane is provided (Figs. 3 and 5), 80 the generator will not be injured by strong winds. The tension on the vane may be sot so the generator speed will be nearly constant in varying wind speeds, because as the wind in- creases, the vane tends to fold at Fight ‘angles to the propeller, and this moves the propeller away from the wind. ‘To stop the generator, the vane is pulled around by a flexible metal cable ‘0 it is at right angles to the propeller. The lower mounting bracket for the vane is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. ‘The propeller is cut from 20-gauge galvanized steel 3 ¢t. square (Fig. 8). Collecting «i pipe support, Connections o It is bolted to the generator pulley. The wire reénforcing ring is threaded Yorough the holes, and the ends are Bolted of brazed together. Blades to slant about 30 deg. ‘Two No. 10 wires are brought out from the brushes on the tower to the ut-out coll and connected as in Fig. 42, The lower brush is connected to the generator terminal, which is the posl- five pole, At Fig. 5 it will be seen that the generator terminal passing through ‘the vane-aupport bracket is thoroughly: Gnsulated with fiber washiers from the surrounding metal. Tt is advisable to include an ammeter in the clreult (Fig. 12); this may also be obtained from a wrecking yard.— Bend the BICARBONATE OF SODA CALLED FATIGUE CURE Popular Science, May 1987 Enpurawer and physical capacity can be increased from thirty to one hundred percent by doses of sodium bicarbonate, & Berlin scientist reports. Numerous ex- periments in the laboratory as well as the field of sports are said to have shown that an increase in the body's alkali con tent enables the system to dispose readily af lactic acid, which is the principal cause ‘of exhaustion. A runner thus prepared ‘was able to run at full speed for farty- {io minutes, instead of his normal en- durance of twenty, and a bicycle racer was able to maintain a sixteen-minute sprint, when his previous record was elev. en. The method is said to be wholly dif- ferent from the use of drugs, because, un- Tike the latter, it does not’ increase’ the bodily effort required for a task. Aside from the field of sport, the system fs ex- pected to be useful for increasing the eff- Ciency and endurance of soldiers in an attack, WATERPROOF BOOT SOLES.—If hot tar and rosin be applied to boot soles, it will make them, Waterproof. Apply it with a piece of old flannel, or cloth, and dry tin by the fire. ‘The operation may be repeated 2 or g times during the winter i neces: sary. It makes the surface of the leather {Quite hard, so that it wears longer. Oil fr grease softens the Sole, and does nat keep the water out.THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ROR A Wire-Splicing Tool Popular Mechanies, 1925 In splicing fence, telephone, and other wires, the simple litle tool shawn in the drawing will prove its value, It is made ie irene from a piece of flat from Lar non ren gt canes jont size, and = formed ag in- dicated. A Neue gq Naeksaw, or roth Moor file, is used for’ cutting {sections in, wide by 1% ine tong, on each ‘side leaving a pro: Jecting tongue ‘which fs bent ng int the form of hak, use, cross the wires to be joined, hook the tool over one pices, and let the ather wire ft into one’ of the notches ‘The tool is then turned until the wire 13 securely wrapped, the operation being re= Peated with the remaining. end off the RELI Popular Mechanics, 1925 A Rat Alarm, In places where it is absolutely neces- sary to keep rats and mice away, it is sometimes more desirable to be apprised of their presence than to keep traps and poisons constantly set for the pests, A. Simple device that will effectively indicate their presence ean he made by mounting some screweyes, about ¥ in. from the floor, along the baseboard, then. to a. height of several feet up the wall, fasten= ing’a string to one of these and thread- ing it through the others to a weight which the string #s just able to support. The string should be previously boiled in beeswax or paraffin, to which a. small quantity af cream cheese has been added, ‘This prevents the string from rotting and serves as a permanent and alluring scent. Rats, on entering, will almost immedi- ately chew the taut string and cause the weight to fall, thus giving an indication of their presence, Making Nicotine Spraying Solution Popular Mechanics, 1925 As concentrated nicotine solutions are ot always available to the gardener, and lug tobacco usually is, the latter con be for making an effective spray {or combating aphis, radish maggot, and other insect pests An ordinary “plug.” costing about 10 cents, is steeped in Several waters until its strength has been fully extracted, To the liquid obtained, water is added to sake 10 gal, and this solution is used az spray. For radish maggot and similar subterranean insects, the earth arourd the fested plants is saturated with the sol 1417 THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 A Simple Radio-Transmitting Set By FL. BRITTIN Popular Mechanies, 1925, A, SIMPLE spark-coil radiotransmit- ting set can be used where messages are to be sent over'a short distance, he Complete outge can be put into a’ smal Sultease,and is well adapted to the need of outers in motor cars or boats, and for Boyescout feld work he necessary instewments composing the set are the following: a high-tonsion jump-spark coil of whith different sizes ean be purchated, good restlts hay been obtained. for Uistances up toe sles ith he igntion col from land ard light automobile; a key, am ordina Sclgraph key answering the purpone at a spark gap, which maybe" made from two zincrbnitery electrodes’ mounted in {wo upright ber posts, “A condenser and helix will also be'needed: she comienser ores up the enerpy which i then die charged across the spark gap, and: pro. duces the oscillations. that ave. thrown into space from the antenna inthe form The condenser can be made from a number of glass plates with'ahegts of tne {oil between them. Old 4 by Sun, ors by Zin photographic negatives” from Which the’ emulsion has een” removed, will answer the purpose; the tintoil sheets are cut, in. smaller than’ the plates, andl a tab, or ear. is left projecting, for connecting the ‘lead wires to each sheet. In assembling the condenser, the tinfoil sheets are placed between the glass plates so that the tabs of alternate pieces Will project from opposite sides, "The condenser unit may consist of five sheets of foil and six glass plates, After as sembling, bind the unit together and place ina cigar box, filing the surround- dng space ‘with. 'melted Insulating ‘co pound, or parafin, £0. make a compact Aticle for 2 portable set, “TE the transe imitter is to be stationary, the condenser may be supported on wooden blocks in a. pan, into which enough insulating or {tansformer” oil to" cover the unit fs poured, "Any desired capacity can be obs Keine by aduing the proper number of ‘The helix consists of 45 turns of No. 14 ‘bare-copper wire, which 1s wound around a grooved bakelite tube, 4'in. in diameter and 7 in, long. Spring’ clips are soldered to the wires from the serial, rounds and spark gap, as shown the iagram. Four dey cells give good te- Sulls for short-distance. work. When these are used, they ‘may be connected in series, as shown in the ‘upper patt of the dravting; another method of connects ing them isin seriescmultiple, as shown the insert. This distributes the load, and makes the battery last longer ‘At the present price of materials, and assuming that all/the parts are bought, {he total cost of such a'set_ will be about $15, but this amount ean be considerably Gut! by using materiale that are usually Available around the average: workshop, The aerial should be. well insulated from the ground, but not with porcelain cleats, which should not be used for the aerial’ of a transmitting set. Solder all Wire connections and’ make all leads short. ‘The ground is important; have the ground wire as short a= possible, and fasten it to a water pipe, if convenient, first filing the pipe bright, ‘and either soldering the wire to it or sing a ground clamp. Tf the set is to be used in the house as a stationary outit, a lightning arrester, oF ground switeh, must be installed om the outside, to prevent lightning from follow= ing the wire into the building. ‘To operate a transmitting station, an operator's license is necessary. Full’ de- tails of the necessary examination can be obtained from the #dio inspector of the district in which the builder resides." "aL “sein 1 Min Cute Std one tor the Radio Ampeurs Ty can te _Proted lta a) Sucgee, Mating Te Sale ‘ha iran ay be Made Higa ‘Wal Adopted to"‘THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 1418 WHAT TO DO WITH A RATTLER Northwestera Sportsman, February 1979 by Sam Fadala The rattlesnake ills less people in this country each year than the common bee; sll, it remains the most widespread poison: aus snake in North America, and the mast dangerous, mainly due to the size it can attain, Perhaps mare deadly than the venom is the means the snake has of using his poison, two hypodermic fangs fed by filled sacs, The poison i certainly lethal enough of itself, but then injected egg whites would be almost as final. He is a type of pit viper, though not 2 true form, tor there are no genuine pit vipers in our country. Still, the fattler has that loreal pit between eye and nostril, apparently an infra red detector, making him capable of deadly accuracy, even in the dark, The writer has gained genuine respect {or Crotalus, as his genus is calied. In college 4 demonstration of the ratler's ability was shown when a mongoose, alter anhilating 2 huge cobra, came up agamnst Mr. Rattles Ina few seconds of strokes that were swift as todety eye detection, he mongoose had been hit several times, and the powerful mammal soon lay ina corner of the test cage in a dazed state, As a sort of “class curator” another adventure with Crote/us took place, this one much more personal. The job was to gather specimens, live, for the glass observation pens in the classroom. Rattlesnakes cannot Tolerate much extreme in temperature, being about one degree (F} abave the air temperature ist n other words, i itis 67 uiside, the snake's body temperature is approximately BBF. Their muscles won't work when it drops to 40F, and above 110 will kill them, They are active between 60 and 30 degrees, and it was about 80 degrees in the shade when the near disaster took place. ‘Auge rattler, wristthick and well over tour feet long, maybe closer to five, layin the shade of asand wash. He was a prize, shining after newly sheding his skin, and he would be a perfect specimen for the lab back at the school, Asnake tis large and muscular isnot an easy capture, so the regular stick withthe hooked wire end was set aside for a much stouter piece of tree limb found in the wash, The idea was to place the stick across the snake's head and very cautiously grasp him around his small neck and transfer him tothe holding sack. That was the idea, but the sand was too soft and instead ofthe head being pinned, the snake simply wriggled out from underneath the stout branch and continued to work his way down the wash. He stopped at 2 smal green bush, and it seemed that he had dis appeared. No, he had gone down 3 gopher hole. Half of his thik body was still sticking fut of the hole. He might pull hard and get down that hole. Against better judgement, but wanting the snake, the reptile was (grasped with a good handhold ana tugged at {tw get him back out of that hale. Only he had ‘not gone down the hole It looked like he had, but instead the snake had simply doubled ‘around, his tront half ying in the shade of the bush, appearing as though it had gone down into the deep excavation n the ground, The human arm was no more than six inches fom the reptilian head. But that snake Inmaking use a te sna, te es steps vo make ong and sagt with # aha ‘aor bine, desty dwn te cane of the rates bel tary fe neck (bere the hese has been cur off al the wat te the ar, fh mor augh he section whi tans the rates, TE did not strike, There are no answers to en, rounters of this type. Call it the particular nature of that snake, or the mood he was in, but if ever a man was going to be bitten by rattler, theopportunity was there in the warn sand wash. Drawing back from the hold, the suthor went his way and Crotalus was alowed to wander his own solitary route without further annoyance Anything as deadly as the rattior ts ‘bound to draw a fot of attention from man Every year nundreds and even thousands of these snakes are killed, and’in most cases it ‘a narmal reaction to dispatch sometning tha can be lethal to yourself, as well as your family if they are nearby ‘The only problem ts that the snake 1s usually discarded at that point. Alot o people believe that, if possible, what is cropped off ought to be used in une way or another. The rattler, asi turns aut, ts quite useful in two ways, at least, nat te rmentian the scientife collecting ot venom tar chemical reasons Food prejudice is the only thing holding ‘anyane back from eating the pure cfean meat of the rattler. After all, the nation as a whole gobbles down thousands of eggs (unborn embryo) and in the best restaurants people pay very high prices for snail, called “escargo,” 10 be euphemistic about it Indeed, rattlesnake meat is forsale, usually exclusive food stares, and at very high Vol. 4 SURVIVOR Care must be taken nat ct the hand with the sharp razor. For prateciona sng edt Blade ean be usa, er neay tape canbe verte hal of 2 double edge Blas, Ate futing geed many sakes, he autor bh: learned to hace te Gove eae lee mith at ext hansTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 prices. In some places there are actual rattler roundups, where hundreds of snakes are ‘brought in. Sometimes the meat is eooked up and served at a banquet, but often it is simply tossed away as garbage. Trying to relate what the ratler's meat tastes like is difficult since individual taste tuuds are so different, But some people say it ‘resembles chicken, while few disagree that it is related closely tothe very best of frog legs. Wt is easy t0 prepare, at any rate, and if a person’s food prejudice is set aside, it is enjoyed by almast all who taste it. Rather than anything foreign in flavor, the only rea dravibackof the meats its rather bland taste. Before going into cooking the snake up for your guests, a few statements have to be made, because if someone does have Mr Crotalus dispatched and decides not to waste him, he must do one thing before removing the Snake from the site ofthe kill and into the hitehen--CUT OFF THE HEAD. In Ottawa County, Kansas, a snake head severed three or four inches behind the head itself was handled by a child. The reflexes ofthe snake acied, struck, injected the poison, and the shild died. Klauber, the great rattler expert, faund that “The head of @ rattler, when separated from the body, is dangerous for at least 20 minutes...” A Southern Prairie rattler, inane of Kiauber’s studies, bit a stick and discharged venom into it 43 minutes after the head had been cutoff. The head should be cutoff, then, and simply mashed into the dust before carrying the body away. Leaving a snake head behind intact could endanger someone later an, certainly up to several hours in some cases, The other attribute of the rattler, his beautiful skin, canbe attended to right along with saving the meat. Step one isto slit the snake full-length down the very center of the belly from anus to neck. By peeling the skin back fram both sides of ths cutestart at the neck, never the tal end-the whole skin can be quickly removed by gently stripping it Tight dovin, just like taking the peel off af a fruit, ‘When it reaches the tail section, peeling action must be stopped or the ratlers will remain attached to the body ofthe snake, rather than the skin. Now that the hide is peeled all the way down, the same. sharp razor blade that slit the snake is used to eut off the raters, being sure that they are left strongly attached to the skin section of the snake. There will probably be a little bit of ‘meat left clinging tothe ratle area. This can be gently teased away with @ pointed kite. some isiefton, it will nt hurt anything, ‘The skin, now off of the snake, is spread ‘ut and salted with plain table salt, just 1419 2 By posing back the atin at the neck section, then grasping the bed of the anake a1 that upoer part, the aber hand. merely Stipsthestinsight dm tel leg the venough to cover it well, though a litle extra ‘won't hurt. The skin does not have to be ‘fleshed out ar seraped at all. There is nothing ‘easier to work with than a snake hide, Now ‘the salted skin is stretched onto a board by tacking it carefully all the way up and down its length. It should be stretched to realize the bbest size, and of course, some big snakes hhave been stretched so_much that they resemble boa constrictors in size, a good way to fool the tourists when they see such a skin tacked tothe barroom wall ina few days to a week, the skin will be dry and it ean be remaved from the board Now the excess salt is seraped away with & piece of wood that does not have extremely sharp edges that can cut. A damp rag will take off the rest of the clinging salt. Pla slycerine rubbed into the skin will give it a softer texture, but the skin wil last for many ‘years with no further treatment, especially if itis to be hung decoratively on a wall. Some skins are turned into belts by lining a leather THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 3, The shin is beat if has been eat ect down te Bly ae, ening uel wih of white pats on both ies of {he very decorative vpper sin, Aer tin has been sae, and slimed toy far & eth, he sal wl be eeaped early of 49 abun 20ge ele a damp lath, andthe hin mi be aotned. wih lei ro he ray store. Then team be Used lo decorate a wale lamp shade, of ‘nybig ta the imagination of the ner ‘anupmit-aso maker goad tated belt with them. Some are converted into hat bands, They can be added as a veneer to almost anything by simply gluing the skin aver some object. The meat is even easier to attend to, Alter the skin was stripped off, the body of the snake only required eviscerating, which i. accomplished with the same razor, ar a sharp knife. The snake meat is delicate and can be handled quickly and neatly without rough usage. There are few innards in the rattler, 0 cleaning him is rapid. Once the cavity is lean, the nigat is held under cool running water and simply washed clean. Then it is soaked in brine for an hour, Ater the soaking, the meat, still n one pice, is dried on a paper towel and then cut into serving pieces. To cook, sprinkle garlic salt or powder sparingly on each piece, along with a trace of onion salt, some pepper ‘and enough paprika to give ared color. Some taste buds prefer a little bit of crushed oregeno, but just a little, and others like little crushed sweet basil, ‘The serving pieces are put into a batter, which is simply an egg or two, depending on how much meat there i, and a litle milkTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 orang wav the aes she suchest fart al he operation, fr they can ete Biaah anay fom the si, oF thy may De adverentiy cot away fam the skin The 5. Now hatte bod of he sabe ant shin de fly parted, the meat hat may deg ta the base ofthe rae section muse carefully teased anay tron the rales. Here, suo uses 2 very sharp pomied Anite delicately remove the excest meat fom the rate eon I i doubt about how much fol stp acess meat, up (23 pant, wll Simply diy an harden up, and beter Tenve# Ie fon mach ent in ple, ater than eating the ates ot ol he ale whipped together. This mixture should be only enough to just cover the meat and no more. The meat should soak in the egg/mitk mix for at least an hour; two hours is beter. And then itis breaded, Flour breadingis fine, but other types of breading will also work. Each pice is well breaded, and taken from the egg/milk batter, the flour will stick quite well, Some prefer to double-bread, which is shin eld bak behind the eaten with 008 hand, wile the sharp razr cuts the meat afl as stew ts lustratan ra 6. The eatof the vaeanae i at Bit ur pleasant, and it resambles diferent things a Siferentpoope Is quite Bland im taste and in the author's opinion people Dre ‘Sd in al a, 3 er nt. simply breading, then returning the meat to the ega/milk batter and then breading again, Fried in pure lard and margarine over a slow heat, 250-50 mix ofthe lard/margarine, the breading will adhere until the meat is cooked through. Depending upon the altitude itean take from 10 to 25 minutes for the me t0-cook through. It should not be burned to a crisp just cooked to doneness. The last few minutes inthe pan, the heat can be turned up and each piece will emerge golden brown, Iguests are over, itis wise to give the special meal a french name, Anything french ‘sunding will do, unless the guests speak the language. After all, if escargo is served people love it, until they find out itis the “lowly snail. Aside from French names, the meat can be called Cranebrake Delight, THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 7. Ata lightly sting he skin, tis tcked 1 aard frying. It bet cy in place that is cut of he diect sm, but Ho fom ‘humiity This skins fom » smal ater, The big onesare much more impressive, Prairie Finger Steaks, or ary other title that suggests just how delicous the meal is going to be, andit 1S going tobe delicious. Unlike many good-to-eat things we take either from under the water or above it, such 8 pantish that might take hours to scale, and game mammals that require carrying home and packaging, the rattler offers na special problems, either removing the skin, or pre: paring for the table, 1 he is taken either in ‘organized roundups or individually, he might 45 well be used rather than tossed in the garbage, for his skin rivals the decoration of the alligator and his meat is as good as the chicken. CTHE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 1421 FALLOUT PROTECTION FOR UNDER 20 CENTS! ‘This Week Magazine, November 24, 1961 By Dr. and Mrs, Luia W. Alvarez as told to Allen Brown Article-Loeated by John Nix ‘All of us, in these tense days, fear the posaibility of radioactive fallout from a nuclear war. This in understandable. In large doves, radioactivity is x and can be deadly. Yet we cannot see it, are not. We felt it urgently important to develop a simple device to detect fallout radiation. Ideally, it should be made from inexpensive materials available in almost any home. In our own home, we made such an in- strument—and it works. Tt measures sadiation danger, accurately showing ‘how long one can tolerate the current level of radiation. In case of nuclear ‘attack, a series of readings would tell ‘you whether you could safely remain ‘whero you are, or how well your fallout shelter is protecting your family against radioactivity, It works fast enough hat you could take a reading outside a fallout shelter without danger of expo- sure, and it would tell you when you ‘could emerge for longer periods. ‘This homemade gadget may look like toy, but many important discoveri iuclear physics have been made wit similar instruments, In fact, it has die tinct advantages over other radiation- measuring devices. Geiger counters ‘operate on batteries that can be dead when needed. Our fallout meter uses static electricity that always is available from a pocket comb. Apparatus commer- cially available to measure radiation is toa expensive for most fai Our device is cheap. ‘Scientists are excited about this in- strument. When we showed it to Dr. Emilio Sergre’, winner of the Nobel ‘Prize in 1969, he said he would make one himself that evening. Dr. Edward Teller ‘could hardly wait to eee it. Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg, chairman of the Atomic ‘Energy Commission, has endorsed it for ‘use in fallout ahelters. ‘You can make the device now with materials that probably are i home. It will take you hhour—and may some day save your life. ‘Here are your for making tthe fallout meter at home: 1. Gather material and tools: You'll need a 10-ounce drinking glass, the lid from a tin can, regular-weight aluminum foil, transparent tape, white nylon (not cotton) thread. As for your tools, collect a black pocket. comb, a hammer and nail, a 25- cent coin, scissors, a table knife with a smooth handle and a 16-inch ruler or yardstick. 2, Line the glase with foil: Cut « sheet of aluminum foil to measure about one square foot. Roll this sheet around the outside of the glass, completely covering the sides and the bottom of the glass with foil. Slip the glass from ita foil cove Carefully ease the shaped foil inside the glass, molding it to the inside of the glass with the knife’s handle. The foil should hug the inside walle and bottom. 8. Cut windows: Remove the molded foil, Measure down from its top and make marks on the side at two and at three inches. Cut # one-inch square from the foil between the two marks, On the ‘opposite side of the molded foil, repeat the measurements and cut another one- inch square. Return the foil to the inside of the glass. When the glase is held at aye level, you should now be able to see through the two windows. 4. Fasten scale to glass: Cut the cali brated scala which THIS WEEK has printed below. Secure it with transparent tape to the outside of the glaea, placing it horizontally just below one of the windows so the top of the scaleis at the bottom of the window. 6. Prepare Hd: With the hammer and tail, punch two holes close together one inch from the center of the can lid. Two inches directly across the lid from these holes, punch two more holes. 8. Make the radiation indicators: Using the 25-cent coin as a pattern, cu out two circles of alumintim foil. ‘Cut two lengths of nylon thread of about 15 inches each, Be careful to touch only the ends of the threads, Stretch out the two threads parallel and almost touching on the yardstick so they can be ‘measured at the same time. Do not-cross or tangle them. “Measure off five-inch lengths near the center of the two threads. Anchor them to the yardstick with two short strips of transparent tape, Place the tapes just inside the fiveinch lengths of thread 90 that five inches are held taut against the ‘THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 ruler, leaving five inches of thread ex- ‘tending from each side. Insert a knife beneath the center of ‘one of the fiveinch lengths, Raise the ‘thread slightly, but do not touch it with your fingers. Slide one of the quarter ‘sized circles of foil beneath the thread. ‘Remove the knife, allowing the thread to drop onto the foil. Fold a small edge of foil circle back over the thread to attach it, This foil should be only one half inch long, juat enough to hook the foil to the thread. Don’t touch the thread except at ‘ends, Moisture changes the reading. ‘Attach the other quarter-sized circle of foll to the other thread in the same way. ‘Tio the two parellel threads to each other at each end and pull each knot down tightly eo that it falls exactly at tthe transparent tape at each end of the five-inch lengths. Then make double kenote to secure the firat knots. 7. Install the indicators: Insert one set of the loose ends of thread through the two holes on one side of the lid. Pull the threads up as far as they will go and tie them on top of the lid. Remove tape on (7; = that end. Then do the same thing with tthe other set of loose ends. Next, remove tthe anchor tapes holding the threads to tthe yardatick, You should now have two loope of thread hanging below the lid, with a foil disk dangling from each loop. Slide the foils on their threads so they hang at the ‘bottom of the loop, opposite each o 8. How to take a reading: Create static electricity by rubbing the pocket comb in your hair or against wool. Then brush the comb against each aluminum indica- tor. Repeat until static electricity sepe- rates the indicators by about half an inch, Place the lid on top of the aluminum- ined glass, slowing the separated indi- ators to hang freely inside without touching. Look through the window above the ‘Tum the lid until you see the thin not the sides, of the round indiea- . Place the device on a table about feet from your eyes, Move the lid ‘each indicator points to the same ber on either side of the scale. ed5ge cS 5THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 YM of seconds needed for the bottom edges ae a Hl Wo have mUMBEF jzagazine has 14 million circulation) that we decided to prepare a few 1422 ‘THE SURVIVOR Vol. 4 mel ADDITIONAL MATERIAL ' ‘CONCERNING ' t PALLOUT METER eived so many inquiries concerning our azticle (the Of the two disks to move toward ecch of material that would answer most of the questions, ‘other over one full number on both sides of the scale. Multiply this number by 10 to find out how many hours you can be exposed to radioactivity at that level bofore receiving a lethal dose. The prin- ciple is this; radiation turne air from a. ‘geod ineulator into conductor of elec: tricity. In the presence of radiation, ite lectrical charge holding the indicators. apart flows away through the air. The more radiation the faster the flow, bringing the diaks closer together. ‘A reading of 600 seconds would indi- ate no radiation danger. Your test read- ing today probably will be 10 to 30 min- ‘utes, indicating the instrument is not being influenced by radiation. It will not measure the slight radiation from current tests. But after a nuclear explosion it might take only 13 seconds for the indicators to cover the distance between four and three on both sides of the scale. This would mean that the radiation you ‘would receive in that location in 130 hours would be lethal if the radiation re- mained constant. A series of readings would gauge radiation's diminishing danger. Radiation decays and its danger decreases so even such # high initial reading could mean that: over several weeks you might receive only small percentage ofa lethal dose. How to store it Now that you have your instrument put it away, with these instructions, for am emergency. We suggest storing it in ‘an empty three-pound coffee tin, sealed with tape. We hope that you will never have touseit. 0 Pree eeeeee eee ‘To prevent Destruction of Fruit Buds by Birds.—Just before the buds are ready to burst, and again when they have begun to expand, give them a plentiful dusting with chimney soot, ‘The soot is unpalatable to the birds, and they will attack no bush that is'thus sprinkled. It in no way injuresthe nascent blossom or leaf, is washed off in duo course of tise Wasps destroy & good deal of fruit, but every pair of wasps Killed Jn spring eaves tho trouble and annoy- ance of a swarm in autumn, He eee! Hi Gamma ray ‘The fallout meter is, in actentific language, an electroscope. ‘The nylon thread is an ineulator--charge won't flow along it as (t will ina copper wire. When the comb i electric charge is transferred from the comb to the aluminum indicators, ‘Weill call the charge positive (+), but it could equally well be negative e. 4 charges to escape from the indicators. ‘because "Like changes (+ and +, or - and -) repel each other", Just: as rubbed against the indicators, an ‘Air is a good insulator, so there is at firet sight, mo way for the The indicatora are pushed apart, suntike charees (+ and -) attract each other", Those statersnts ean be ‘called the fundanental laws of electrictty. When the penetrating gurma rays fron radioactive materials pass through the volune of the electroscope (inside of the glass), they have « ceortein chance of "oni sing" one of the nolecules of oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc, which rake up ordinary airs ‘men a (neutral) molecule 1s Jontzed, St breaks up nto a positively charged portion, and a negatively charged portion, called the positive and nogative fons, respectively, Me often say that the gamma ray produces fan fon pair whore 4t Mntoracte" with the molecule, (This is the saneTHE SURVIVOR Vol. Popular Mechanics, 1915 Carrying Two Pails in One Hand When it is necessary to carry two small filled pails in one hand anda package in the other it will be found a 4 ‘Two Ped Pale can be Readily Casi by Placing The Behe othe Bae! ERD very difficult job, if the contents are Tighid. Procure 'a stick of sufficient size to carry the weight of the pails ‘and cut a small notch in cach end to admit the bail. Place a pail on each nd of the stick and take hold in the center, or, if the pails are not equall filled, a Title to one side of the center, Strainer for a Milk Pail Even though a milker may be care- ful, small particles of dirt, hairs, etc, wil fll. into the mille pail, It is true that the milk is strained afterward, but a large percentage ol the diet di: solves and passes through the strainer along ‘with the milk ‘The best plan to prevent this dirt from falling into the milk is to put a piece of cheesecloth over the pail opening, securing it there by slipping an open wire ring, A, over the rim, ‘The milk will readily ‘pass through the cloth Without

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• Kurt Saxon - Survivor Vol. 2

  

  Document464 pages

  Kurt Saxon - Survivor Vol. 2

  Evan Walshaw

  No ratings yet
• Kurt Saxon - Survivor Vol. 1

  

  Document476 pages

  Kurt Saxon - Survivor Vol. 1

  Evan Walshaw

  100% (1)
• A Beginners Guide To Home Canning & Food Preserving - Recipes, Jams, Marmalades, Jellies, Chutneys, Relishes Plus More... (PDFDrive)

  

  Document118 pages

  A Beginners Guide To Home Canning & Food Preserving - Recipes, Jams, Marmalades, Jellies, Chutneys, Relishes Plus More... (PDFDrive)

  Evan Walshaw

  100% (1)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (400)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (537)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (838)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (895)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (589)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1891)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1091)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (345)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (599)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1016)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (806)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (440)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1713)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1840)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2510)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4610)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Toibin

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1938)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4201)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (821)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John Le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)