QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

HSEM4BTECHQA1119

PROGRESSIONS  a, G1 , G2 ..., Gn , b are in GP.

A set of quantities are said to be in Arithmetic progression, if th

b   n  2 term  arn  1
they increase or decrease by a common difference. It is denoted
by AP. 1
 b n  1
If ‘a’ is the first term and ‘d’ is the common difference of an r 
a
arithmetic progression, it is given by a, a + d, a + 2d, … a + nd, …

The common difference is obtained by subtracting any term of Hence the Geometric means are
th
the series from the next term. The r term of an arithmetic 1 2 n
sequence with first term a and common difference is d is given  b n  1  b n  1  b n 1
a  , a  , .... a  
by t r  a  (r  1)d. a
  a
  a

For example, 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, … is an arithmetic sequence. Sum to ‘n’ terms of a Geometric Progression

10th term  t10  3  10  1 4  3  36  39. If ‘a’ is the first term, ‘r’ the common ratio and Sn the sum to n
terms, then
Sum to ‘n’ terms of an Arithmetic Progression

Sn 

a 1  rn  if r  1
n
Sn  2a   n  1 d r
2

If a is the first term and L is the last term or the n th term, then 

a rn  1  if r  1
r 1
n a  L
Sn  Sum of an infinite G.P. when r < 1
2
a
Arithmetic mean between any 2 quantities Sn 
1r
ab 1 1 1 1
If a, b are any 2 quantities, Arithmetic mean  For example, 1     ...  2
2 2 4 8 1
1
2
GEOMETRIC PROGRESSIONS
Quantities are said to be in Geometric Progression. When they SMART Tip
increase or decrease by a constant factor. The constant factor is
called the common ratio. The general Geometric sequence The sum of the term numbers which exhibit equal sums is
whose first term is ‘a’ and common ratio is ‘r’ is given by constant for a given AP.
a, ar, ar2 , ..., arn 1. S12  S18 in an AP, then S11  S19 , S10  S20 .... S30  S0  0.

Geometric Progression is denoted by G.P. The n th term of a G.P.

HARMONIC PROGRESSIONS
with first term ‘a’ and common ratio ‘r’  arn 1.
[[

A set of quantities is said to form Harmonic Progression if the

GEOMETRIC MEAN reciprocals of the quantities form an A.P.
1 1 1 1
When 3 quantities a, b, c are in G.P., then In general, if a, b, c, d are in A.P. then , , , are in Harmonic
a b c d
b c Progression.
  b2  ac  b  ac
a b
Harmonic mean between two numbers
ac is called the Geometric mean between a and c. For If a, b are two quantities and then Harmonic mean is H,
example, the Geometric mean of 3 and 12 is 3  12  36  6. 1 1 1 1
  
H a b H
‘n’ Geometric means between 2 given quantities 2 1 1
  
Let a, b be the given quantities and G1 , G2 ... Gn be the Geometric H b a
2ab
means between ‘a’ and ‘b’. H
ab

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PROGRESSIONS 5. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are in G.P., the fourth term is

(a) 27 (b) – 27 (c) 13.5 (d) – 13.5
If A, G, H are the Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic means
between 2 quantities ‘a’ and ‘b’ 6. The sum of an infinite G.P. is 23 and the sum of the
squares of infinite terms is 69. Find the first term.
ab 2ab
A , G  ab, H  69 10 9 13
2 ab (a) (b) (c) (d)
13 3 10 69
AH  G2
7. If  ,  are the roots of x2  3x  a  0, and  ,  are the
Also A  G  H
roots of x2  12x  b  0 and  , ,  ,  form an
increasing G.P. then
(a) a  3, b  12 (b) a  12, b  3
SMART Tip
(c) a  2, b  32 (d) a  4, b  16
1. Whenever 3 terms of an A.P. to be assumed, consider the
8. The sum of the first three terms of an increasing G.P. is 13
terms as a – d, a, a + d to avoid complicated calculations.
and their product is 27. Find the sum of the first 5 terms.
2. In the same way, 3 terms of a G.P. can be assumed as
40
a (a) 121 (b) (c) 243 (d) 363
, a, ar. 3
r
1 1 1
9. If a x b y
c z
and a, b, c are in G.P. then x, y, z are in
(a) A.P. (b) G.P.
SMART Tip (c) H.P. (d) None of these

1. Questions in H.P. can be solved by inverting the terms to 10. The Harmonic mean of 2 numbers is 4 and the Arithmetic
form an A.P. and then use the corresponding properties. and Geometric means satisfy the relation 2A  G2  27.

2. To solve certain complicated problems, the option based Find the numbers.
approach is the test. This will end up in saving a lot of (a) 6, 3 (b) 5, 4
time. (c) 5, – 2.5 (d) – 3, 1

3. For simplification of numbers, number properties can be 11. If H is the harmonic mean between P and Q the value of
made use of. H H
 is
P Q
PRACTICE EXERCISE
(a) 2 (b) PQ(P + Q)
1. How many terms are there in the A.P. 20, 25, 30, … 130.
PQ
(a) 22 (b) 23 (c) 21 (d) 24 (c) (d) None of these
PQ
2. The sum of numbers between 100 and 500 which are
divisible by 6 is 12. The relationship between a, b, c, d when a, b, c are in A.P.
and b, c, d are in H.P. is
(a) 67 (b) 498 (c) 2010 (d) 20100
(a) ab  cd (b) ac  bd
3. If the first, second and the last terms of an A.P. are a, b, c
(c) ad  bc (d) None of these
respectively, find the number of terms.
1 1 13. The sum of the infinite series of a G.P. is 4 and the sum of
(a) a  b  c (b)  b  c  2a  the cubes of these terms is 192. Find the common ratio.
2 2
b  c  2a (a) 2 (b)  2
(c) (d) None of these
ba 1
(c) (d) None of these
2
4. If in an A.P. the ratio of the sum of m terms to the sum of n
terms is m2 : n2 , then if a is the first term and d the 14. If the sum to n terms of an A.P. is 3n2  5n, while
common difference, then t m  164, find the value of m.
(a) a  2d (b) a  d
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 27 (d) 28
(c) d  2a (d) None of these

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15. If the harmonic mean and geometric mean of 2 positive 26. Among four numbers, first three are in G.P and the last
numbers are in the ratio 4:5, then the 2 numbers are in three are in A.P whose common difference is 6. If the first
the ratio and the last terms are the same, then first number is
(a) 4:1 (b) 3:1 (c) 2:1 (d) 3:2 (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

16 27. The set of natural numbers is divided as groups as: (1)

16. The harmonic mean between 2 numbers is , their A.M.
5 (2, 3, 4) (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)..... then the sum of numbers in the n th
group is
is A and G.M. is G. If 2A  G2  26, the numbers are
(a) (n + 1)3 – n3 (b) (n + 1)3 – (n + 2)3
(a) 6, 8 (b) 4, 8 (c) 2, 8 (d) 1, 8
(c) (n – 1)3 + n3 (d) None of these
17. The sum of the first 4 terms of an A.P. is 28 and the sum of
the first 8 terms of the same A.P. is 88. Find the sum of the 28. If a, b, c are in G.P and x and y are A.M of a, b and b, c
first 16 terms of the A.P. respectively, then a/x + c/y is equal to
(a) 346 (b) 340 (c) 304 (d) 268 (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 1 /2

29. If the roots of the equation x3 – 12 x2 + 39 x – 28 = 0 are in

18. If x be the first term, y be the n th term and p be the
A.P, then the common difference is
product of n terms of a G.P. Find the value of p2 .
(a) ±1 (b) ±2 (c) ±3 (d) ±4
(a) (xy)n  1 (b) (xy)n
30. If there are ‘m’ A.M’s between 1 and 31 and the ratio of 7th
1n n
(c) (xy) (d) (xy ) 2
and (m – 1)th means is 5:9, the value of m is
(a) 12 (b) 13 (c) 14 (d) 15
19. If a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, d are in G.P. and c, d, e are in H.P.,
then a, c, e are in 31. After knee surgery, your trainer tells you to return to your
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. jogging program slowly. He suggests jogging for
(c) H.P. (d) None of these 12 minutes each day for the first week. Each week
thereafter, he suggests that you increase that time by
20. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a, c – b, b – a are in G.P. (a  b  c) 6 minutes per day. How many weeks will it be before you
then a:b:c is are up to jogging 60 minutes per day?
(a) 1:3:5 (b) 1:2:4 (a) 8 weeks (b) 9 weeks
(c) 1:2:3 (d) None of these (c) 7 weeks (d) None of these

21. a, b, c is a geometric progression (a, b, c are real 32. The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180º, of a
quadrilateral is 360º and of a pentagon is 540º. Assuming
numbers). If a + b + c = 26 and + a2 b2 + c2 = 364, find the
this pattern continues, find the sum of the interior angles
value of b.
of a dodecagon (12 sides).
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 4.75
(a) 3600º (b) 1980º (c) 1800º (d) 3420º
22. Let the nth term of AP be defined as tn, and sum up to 'n' 33. A mine worker discovers an ore sample containing
terms be defined as Sn. If |t8| = |t16| and t3 is not equal to 500 mg of radioactive material. It is discovered that the
t7, what is S23? radioactive material has a half life of 1 day. Find the
amount of radioactive material remaining in the sample at
(a) 23 ( t6 – t8) (b) 0
the beginning of the 7th day.
(c) 23 t11 (d) Cannot be determined
(a) 15.63 mg (b) 7.815 mg
23. The sum of 2n terms of A.P. {1, 5, 9, 13…..} is greater than (c) 31.26 mg (d) 3.9075 mg
sum of n terms of A.P. {56, 58, 60..…}. What is the smallest 34. You visit the Grand Canyon and drop a penny off the edge
value n can take? of a cliff. The distance the penny will fall is 16 feet the
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 6 first second, 48 feet the next second, 80 feet the third
second, and so on in an arithmetic sequence. What is the
24. Consider a, b, c are in a G.P. such that |a + b + c| = 15. The
total distance the object will fall in 6 seconds?
median of these three terms is a and b = 10. If a > c, what
(a) 576 feet (b) 675 feet
is the product of the first 4 terms of this G.P.?
(c) 570 feet (d) 729 feet
(a) 40000 (b) 80000 (c) 32000 (d) 48000
35. Solve the following English nursery rhyme:
25. Second term of a GP is 1000 and the common ratio is r
As I was going to St.Ives, I met a man with seven wives.
where r is a natural number. Pn is the product of n terms Each wife had seven sacks. Each sack had seven cats. Each
of this GP. P6 > P5 and P6 > P7, what is the sum of all cat had seven kits. A man, wives, sacks, cats and
possible values of n? kits – how many people did I meet?
(a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 5 (d) 13 (a) 2401 (b) 2400 (c) 2800 (d) 2801

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QUANTITATIVE ABILITY

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36. A certain city has projected population of 1,86,624 in In problems on coded inequalities, operators are coded with
10 years from now. If its population increases some symbols. So we first need to decode it and then check the
geometrically at the rate of 20% every two years, what is conclusions.
the population right now?
Example of Coded Inequality in Reasoning
(a) 90000 (b) 36000
(c) 18000 (d) None of these Directions: In the following questions, the symbols δ, @, ©, %
and ⋆ are used with the following meaning as illustrated below.
37. Hari bought a new car and is slowly breaking it in by
increasing his mileage by a constant number of miles each ‘A © B’ means ‘A is not smaller than B’.
week. How many miles will he have to drive the car in the ‘A % B’ means ‘A is neither smaller than nor equal to B’.
11th week if he drove it 280 miles in the third week and ‘A ⋆ B’ means ‘A is neither greater than nor equal to B’.
400 miles in the sixth week? ‘A δ B’ means ‘A is not greater than B’.
(a) 560 (b) 680 (c) 720 (d) 600 ‘A @ B’ means ‘A is neither greater than nor smaller than B’.
38. Nandhini wants to host a party. She invites 3 friends and Now in each of the following questions assuming the given
told them to invite 3 of their friends. The 3 friends do statements to be true, find which of the four conclusions I, II, II
invite 3 others and asks each to invite 3 more people. The and IV given below them is/are definitely true and give your
invitation process goes on for 5 generations of invitations. answer accordingly.
Including herself, how many people can Nandhini expect
Statements:
at her party?
(a) 120 (b) 124 (c) 121 (d) 240 P δ T, T @ R, R © O, O % K

Conclusions:
39. In a library there are certain number of books and they
are stacked in layers on a shelf. Each layer of books has I. R@P
one less than the layer below it, if there are 20 books on II. R%P
the bottom layer and one on the top layer, how many III. K⋆T
books are stacked on the shelf? IV. OδT
(a) 210 (b) 120 (c) 420 (d) 105 (1) Only either I or II is true

40. A piece of equipment cost a certain factory Rs.600,000. If (2) Only III and IV are true
it depreciates in value, 15% the first year, 13.5 % the next (3) Only either I or II and III are true
year, 12% the third year and so on, what will be its value (4) Only either I or II and IV are true
at the end of 10 years, all percentages applying to the (5) Only either I or II and III and IV are true
original cost?
Follow the steps given below to simplify the process.
(a) Rs.2,00,000 (b) Rs.1,05,000
Steps Involved in Solving Coded Inequality in Reasoning
(c) Rs.4,05,000 (d) Rs.6,50,000
Step 1: Make Decoding Table
CODED INEQUALITIES The easiest method is to first make a table as shown below.

Coded Inequality problems are the advanced version of

Mathematical Inequality questions. To solve Coded Inequality in
the Reasoning Sections of exams, we must know how to solve
Mathematical Inequality where direct inequality operators are
used (, , ,  and =). These types of questions are important
for competitive exams like IBPS Clerk, SBI Clerk, SSC CGL,
Placement Aptitude, IBPS PO, SBI PO, NICL AO, LIC AAO, SBI NOTE: Elements used in question are A and B so we have added
Associate Clerk, SBI Associate PO, CAT and others. A and B in table.

TIP: Sometimes, to make questions more complicated, reverse

In problems on mathematical equalities, operator ‘>’ and ‘<’ has
relations may be given as: ‘A * B’ means ‘B is not smaller than A’.
the highest priority. This is followed by ‘≥’ and ‘≤’. On the other
So here we will write B in the first row and A in the last row.
hand, ‘=’ has the least priority. So if a statement is A > B ≥ C = D
then A > C, D because ‘>’ has highest priority. B ≥ D because ≥ Step 2: Add Symbols to Table
has priority more than ‘=’.

Read Tips to Solve Mathematical Inequalities

Now we know how to get the relation between two elements. So,
we can go ahead and solve Coded Inequality in Reasoning.

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