Machine learning problem solving:

 it’s full of (i) side effects (e.g., print statements, pretty-printed dataframes, data
visualisations) and (ii) glue code without any abstraction, modularisation, and automated
tests. While this may be fine for notebooks targeted at teaching people about the machine
learning process,
OOP
A technique for system modeling:
To be truly practicing object-oriented programming, you must be using all three of the "pillars",
i.e., encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

In object-oriented computer programming languages, the notion of encapsulation refers to the

bundling of data, along with the methods that operate on that data, into a single unit. Many
programming languages use encapsulation frequently in the form of classes.

Aggregation implies a relationship where the child can exist independently of the parent.
Example: Class (parent) and Student (child). Delete the Class and the Students still exist.
Composition implies a relationship where the child cannot exist independent of the parent.
In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon
another object or class, retaining similar implementation. Also defined as deriving new classes from
existing ones such as super class or base class and then forming them into a hierarchy of classes

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use
of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class
object. Any Java object that can pass more than one IS-A test is considered to be polymorphic.

What is the difference between Multilevel and Multiple inheritance? ... “Multiple

Inheritance” refers to the concept of one class extending (Or inherits) more than one base
class. Multilevel inheritance refers, where one can inherit from a derived class, thereby
making this derived class the base class for the new class.

In class-based object-oriented programming, a constructor (abbreviation: ctor) is a special

type of subroutine called to create an object. It prepares the new object for use, often accepting
arguments that the constructor uses to set required member variables.

In object-oriented programming, a destructor gives an object a last chance to clean up any

memory it allocated or perform any other tasks that must be completed before the object is
destroyed. Like constructors, destructors are defined as subroutines in the class definition
A linked list is a sequence of data structures, which are connected together via links. Linked
List is a sequence of links which contains items. Each link contains a connection to
another link. Linked list is the second most-used data structure after array.
Singly Linked Lists are a type of data structure. ... A linked list, in its simplest form, in a
collection of nodes that collectively form linear sequence. In a singly linked list, each node
stores a reference to an object that is an element of the sequence, as well as a reference to the
next node of the list.
computer science, a doubly linked list is a linked data structure that consists of a set of
sequentially linked records called nodes. Each node contains three fields: two link fields and one
data field.

Circular Linked List is a variation of Linked list in which the first element points to the last
element and the last element points to the first element. Both Singly Linked List and
Doubly Linked List can be made into a circular linked list.