Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Series
Vol. 1
Credits
The following ArchiCAD project is used in this training material:
NHS Office Complex, Los Angeles, California, US
Architect: PAAstudio, US
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
The ArchiCAD Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Navigate Around the Floor Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Navigate in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The Virtual Building Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
The Documentation Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Basic ArchiCAD Techniques – Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Basic ArchiCAD Techniques – Selection Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Basic ArchiCAD Techniques – Construction Aids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Introduction
Welcome to the ArchiCAD Training Series!
This Guide is part of the ArchiCAD Training Series, which currently
includes the following materials:
• Vol. 1, The ArchiCAD BIM Concept
• Vol. 2, Basic ArchiCAD
• Vol. 3, Intermediate ArchiCAD
• Vol. 4, Advanced ArchiCAD
• Vol. 5, Using Teamwork
You are now reading Vol. 1, "The ArchiCAD BIM Concept" a hands-on
training to familiarize you with the modeling and documentation
concepts of ArchiCAD. This guide is meant for new ArchiCAD users and
prospects as well as students and teachers.
This guide is also suitable for using as BIM Curriculum "Exercises" - for
Hands-on Practice in universities where ArchiCAD is taught to students.
Lecturers who would like to use this guide as a BIM Curriculum should
visit the educational sites of the GRAPHISOFT website
(http://www.graphisoft.com/education/curriculum/) where, after
registration, they will be entitled to obtain a full set of training materials
suitable for seminar lectures.
The project file opens. Let's take a closer look at the ArchiCAD interface.
This application was designed by architects for architects. The easy to
understand graphical interface and the visual feedback will help you to
quickly get familiar with the program's capabilities.
The central part of the interface shows the Floor Plan of our project. At
the bottom of the screen, a set of icons help to navigate in this view, and
set the drawing scale and zoom factor.
To the left, the Toolbox contains all the tools necessary to build the 3D
model and complete the documentation.
To the right, the Navigator lists all aspects of the project – here we can
jump from story to story or to different 3D views, sections, elevations
and details.
At the very top, the Menubar lists all the available commands, logically
grouped. Commands for File operations, Editing and Viewing functions can
be selected from the corresponding menus. Since Design and
Documentation are separate processes in architectural practice, tools and
commands supporting these processes are also located in separate menus.
Commands in the Options menu regulate basic settings and the Work
Try the other icons for Panning, Reducing Zoom, Fitting in Window the
contents of the Floor Plan, or switching between Previous and Next
Views.
There is an even faster way to navigate in all views. With the cursor in
the main window, press the mouse scroll button to pan around the Floor
Plan in real-time. Remember to keep the scroll button pressed!
Rolling the scroll button away from you will zoom in and rolling it toward
you will zoom out in real-time. In these cases, the cursor position will
act as the center point of the projection.
This technique will let you move from one location of the Floor Plan to
another very quickly. Try it!
Navigate in 3D
In ArchiCAD, every building element is instantly represented in 3D as
well. Naturally this sample project includes not only the 2D
documentation but the entire 3D building model as well. So what does
our sample project look like in 3D?
The 3D model can be shown in an axonometric or a perspective view.
We’ll try an axonometric view first. To access the 3D representation of
our building, go to the 3D section in the Project Map of the Navigator
and double-click on Generic Axonometry (as shown below).
The cursor changes to a little orbit sign. Click and keep the left mouse
button pressed and move the mouse around to view the building from
all sides.
While in Orbit mode, real-time Zoom and Pan can still be used. Try them
both to explore the whole model. To get out of Orbit mode, press “Esc”.
In this view Orbit, real-time Zoom and Pan work as we have seen
already. The only difference is that here they affect the camera position
rather than the projected image. Let’s try and move around a little.
For a different way of exploration, let’s get into first-person “shooter”
mode by selecting the “Explore” icon at the bottom toolbar.
If you are sure you have the controls right, click 3D Explore and start
flying inside the building and navigating around.
Walls will not stop you in this “game”, but to get the hang of it you
should try to use the doors.
To get out of Explore mode, just click into the 3D view.
Let’s double-click on the Wall tool in the Toolbox. The dialog box for the
Wall settings appears.
In the first section we can specify the geometry of the wall, including
height and shape information as well as its vertical position.
In the second section we can set how the wall will be represented in 2D
view such as the Floor Plan or a section. We can set the attributes of the
wall (or rather its representative symbol) to control its display. Here the
structure of a composite wall or other view-dependent characteristics
can be selected.
In the next section we can determine how the wall should look in 3D
views. Surface materials and textures can be specified here.
In the last section we can link different properties that are necessary to
build bills of material for this type of wall. In list type views, the wall
behaves as a group of basic building components that forms this
composite structure.
The point is that the wall we either draw on the Floor Plan or place in 3D
in a perspective view is not merely a 2D symbol or a collection of parallel
lines or just a 3D shape. It is all that and much more: it is an
environment-sensitive building block of the Virtual Building that knows
how to present itself within the different aspects of architectural
documentation.
What does that mean in practice? Let’s make some changes in our
Virtual Building and see what happens. First of all let’s change the
current Wall settings to this:
Set the wall height to 13'-1" under Geometry and Positioning. For the
Cut Fill (which is going to be the representation of the composite wall
20 ArchiCAD Training Series Vol. 1
The Virtual Building Concept
In the Model section let’s click on the little chain icon on the right. Click on
one of the surface material buttons. The list of available surface materials
comes up. Select “Brick-Common Bond” from the list. All three surface
material settings (wall exterior, interior and edge) will be updated.
Back on the Floor Plan let’s zoom in to the wall on the right side of the lobby
area and select the Inject Parameters tool from the Standard Toolbar.
The cursor changes to a little syringe. This tool injects the current
settings of the active design or documentation tool to existing elements.
When we move the cursor above the wall we zoomed in on, the wall will
be highlighted, showing that it is selected for the injection. Let’s click
anywhere inside the wall body.
ArchiCAD Training Series Vol. 1 23
The Virtual Building Concept
Now let’s see what happened in other views of the Virtual Building.
First, let’s select and double-click 04 D_D Section from the Sections/
Elevations part of the Navigator.
The section opens instantly. On the right side of the Lobby’s first floor
we see the wall we have just modified. It shows the structure we have
just selected for it.
As you can see, the wall now shows the surface material that has been
set in the dialog box.
One of the major advantages of the BIM concept is that non graphical-
information, such as quantities, element inventories and schedules, can
be automatically extracted from the 3D model. Let’s check if all aspects
of the Virtual Building really are covered: double-click Wall List in the
Element Schedules section of the Navigator.
Instantly, an interactive list appears of all the walls placed in the project
so far. We can quickly find the wall on the first floor that we have just
modified. Here some parameters (like the height or the composite
Let’s get back to the initial Floor Plan again (double-click 1 Floor in the
Navigator). Zoom out in order to see the entire Floor Plan.
Having a Virtual Building also means that we don’t have to set up
complicated layer sets for the different stories within the project.
Stories, sections and elevations are just separate views of the virtual
building model. In ArchiCAD, the Navigator window makes it easy to
toggle between different views and representations of the BIM model.
All these views are merely derivatives of the Virtual Building. Any
number of them can be generated and they are all linked together, so if
anything changes in one view, not only is that particular view modified,
but the changes are also reflected in all the views throughout the entire
project. This is a huge advantage compared to the traditional 2D
drawing based documentation method where coordination of the
drawings had to be done manually. It is not just more productive but
also more reliable, as it reduces the risk of coordination issues to the
minimum.
Let's see how we can work with the different views linked to each other.
The revolutionary Virtual Trace technology in ArchiCAD allows you to
see and compare two different views of the BIM model. Return to the
Floor Plan of the 0.1 floor. Right-click on 06 East Elevation in the
Navigator and choose “Show as Trace Reference” from the context
menu.
The elevation appears on the referred side of the building Floor Plan.
The “Trace” icon becomes active in the Standard toolbar. Click on the
small arrow next to the “Trace” icon and choose “Drag Reference” from
the menu.
Arrange the Floor Plan so that the windows on the first floor of the
building become clearly visible next to the Floor Plan view.
Now zoom in at the right side, to have a closer look on the windows.
Now you can see how the elevation follows the changes.
As you can see, the layout changes automatically according to the active
view.
Let’s click on the icon to the right of the Project Map. This is the View
Map part of the Navigator.
As you can see, this part lists plans instead of stories. Of course a plan
can show a floor or a section or a detail. Double-click on 1 Floor in the
RCP folder of the Construction Documentation section of the View
Map.
How is this plan different from the Floor Plan we have worked with up
till now? One difference is obvious: we see the tiles of the reflected
ceiling and the lighting elements. These must have been on a layer that
was switched on when changing to the views of the RCP folder. (Layers
are like vellums of old times, layered on top of each other. If we pull one
out of the stack, it will be invisible. Elements that have common
characteristics – like exterior walls, interior walls, furniture, etc. – should
be placed on a common layer, so that their visibility can be regulated
together.)
A view is defined by these factors, plus the current zoom and the
dimensions, as shown in the Properties part underneath the Navigator.
In the Quick Options part just below it, you can change these settings
for the current project representation.
Click on any of the buttons and see what changes occur on the Floor
Plan when the settings are changed. Note that the current quick option
settings are not saved to the views automatically. For this you have to
open the view settings dialog and there launch the Get Current
Window’s Settings command.
Now that we know how to navigate in the model and in the project, let's
see how we can construct new elements. Let’s close the example file.
Select “File/Close” from the menu. Choose "Don‘t save" in the "Save
changes" dialog box.
Let’s select “File/New” from the menu. A dialog box appears. We’ll use a
template with the basic settings for our own project, so let’s browse for
the “Curr_project_template.tpl” file located in the “ArchiCAD Studio
Lessons\Demo files\Startup files” folder. When found, choose “Standard
Profile 16” as the work environment and click “New”.
If you see the “Library manager” palette after opening the template file
it means that you have to load the required object libraries for your new
project. For the“Curr_project_template.tpl” file you have to load the
subfolders of the “ArchiCAD Library 16” folder, which is located in the
ArchiCAD 16 installation folder, and the “Student.Lib” folder from
“ArchiCAD Studio Lessons\Demo files”. To load the folders, select the
Add button at the top of the dialog box. Choose the appropriate folder,
then the “Choose” button. After adding the two folders, click on “OK”.
Let’s place a a single straight wall segment on the Floor Plan first.
Activate the Wall tool in the Toolbox by clicking on the Wall icon once.
Note how the Info Box changes to reveal some of the most important
attributes of the wall we are about to place. The placement method
we’ll choose is the Single Wall as seen in the Info Box.
Click somewhere on the Floor Plan. While drawing the wall we already
have two helpers for data input: Guide Lines and the Tracker.
You can also enter data into the Tracker. Move the cursor so that the wall is near
horizontal. The cursor snaps to the 0° guide line. As you move the cursor along this
line, only the Distance value changes in the Tracker.
Press “D” on the keyboard. The Distance field is highlighted and a new
value can be entered. Let’s enter “6000” and press “Enter” on the
keyboard. The wall is finished and it’s exactly 6 meters long.
Of course, if we don’t snap to a guide line, the distance and angle values
can be set one after the other (by pressing D and A respectively), or we
can operate with X and Y values (by pressing X and Y on the keyboard).
An Enter finalizes data entry.
Now let’s take a closer look at the wall. Move the cursor along the wall. The
intelligent cursor technique is one of the major innovations of ArchiCAD.
The cursor shape changes according to its position in the model - for
instance, it takes the form of a checkmark, hammer, or mercedes-sign.
We see the cursor changing its shape to a mercedes-sign when finding one
of the sides (a bold one when finding the Reference Line of the wall,
meaning the line we actually drew during data entry) and to a check-mark
sign when finding one of the corners. These points and lines will help us
construct the model accurately without using coordinates all the time.
Note that as you hover over significant points (or lines), guide lines appear
and show significant angles. Moving the cursor over one of them and
hovering there briefly will make that guide line permanent.
Note that the layers of the composite structure of the walls are joined
seamlessly.
We’ll start the third wall at the upper right corner of the previous wall
and construct it parallel to the first one. In this case, we know that the
first wall is 6m long, but that may not always be the case. So if we want
to construct a wall of equal length, we’ll have to take measurement in
most cases. To do that, we’ll fix the angle of the wall by pressing the Shift
key on the keyboard. Note that the angle snaps to horizontal (or vertical,
or other pre-defined angles, if near). While you draw the wall, point with
the cursor to the starting point of the first wall. When you click, the
current wall will be just as long as the first one. ArchiCAD helped to take
the measurement, instead of you having to make calculations.
Let’s finish the rectangle of walls by connecting the upper left corner
with the lower left one. Let’s take an axonometric view of what we have
produced so far.
In the Info Box we see multiple options for the use of the Arrow. First
(default) any element that has at least one of its nodes, edges or curves
in the selection polygon or rectangle will become selected. The second
method means only elements with all of its nodes inside the selection
polygon or rectangle will become selected. If we select the last method,
selection logic will depend on the direction in which we draw the
rectangle.
reference line – where the cursor changes its shape). For the time being,
leave the Magnet ON.
Let’s hover with the cursor over one of the Walls. Note that after a little
while an information box appears near that element with the most
relevant data: the type of the element, its structure, base elevation,
thickness and the layer it was placed on. Click on the wall to select it.
The selected wall will be highlighted.
Clicking now to another wall will mean that the previous one is
deselected. In order to select multiple elements, keep the Shift key
pressed. Select all the walls this way. From the menu, select “Edit/
Grouping/Group”. After this, clicking on one of the walls will select the
other ones as well. The grouping effect can be temporarily suspended by
switching the “Suspend Groups” icon on the Toolbar ON.
Now select the Marquee tool. In the Info Box we see the options for the
use of the Marquee tool. The first option specifies whether we want to
limit the effect of the Marquee to the current story (simple dashed
lines), or use it across all stories (bold dashed lines).
The other option is the same as with the Arrow tool and specifies the
shape of the selection area.
We will use the Marquee tool mostly to specify which parts of the model
we want to display in 3D (a useful limitation with large projects if we
want to work on a small part of it). To see how it works, let’s draw a
rectangle with the Marquee tool over only a portion of the four walls we
have. With a right-click, bring up the context-sensitive menu and select
“Show Selection/Marquee in 3D”. You’ll see the result in the 3D window.
Back on the Floor Plan, we can make the selection marquee disappear
by selecting “Remove Marquee” from the context-sensitive menu (right-
click) or press the "Esc" button.
Now, with the Slab tool still selected, let’s press the Shift key and hover
with the cursor over different parts of our little model. Note that
elements underneath the cursor are highlighted, helping the selection
process. Click when the slab is highlighted. The slab will be selected: we
are able to select elements without the explicit use of the selection
tools.
Let’s click on one of the corner points of the selected slab. Aside from
the Tracker, another little palette appears. It’s named the Pet palette
(because it can be set to follow the cursor like a pet animal) and it gives
access to various relevant editing functions. The advantage of this
solution is that the required modification tools are always at your hand
when you need them.
In the upper row: the selected node can be dragged to another position;
the selected corner can be filleted/chamfered; the whole outline can be
offset; Boolean addition and subtraction with another polygon can be
performed.
In the lower row: the whole element can be dragged; rotated, mirrored,
elevated or multiplied.
Let’s select the “Offset” icon. Then press “D” and enter 500 into the
Tracker’s Distance field and press “Enter”. The slab outline will now
appear around the walls.
Let’s click now on one of the sides of the slab. This time the Pet palette
contains different editing functions in the upper row.
A new node can be added to the side; the selected side can be
transformed into a curve; a tangent to the curved side can be specified;
the sideline can be offset. Explore the possibilities. Once you finished
the modifications, make sure that the Slab is deselected. Press “Esc” on
the keyboard to achieve this.
Finally, before turning to our example project, let’s get to know the
Special Snap Points. You may have noticed that when hovering with the
cursor over an element, temporary division points appear, to which the
cursor can snap.
Let’s move the cursor now to the bottom side of the slab. After a short
while a little black line shows the halving point of that side.
The so-called Special Snap Points can show other particular points in
addition to halfway points. Let’s check our possibilities in the Toolbar.
Clicking the little arrow by the Special Snap icon brings us to the
currently valid settings. We can choose among different options:
• showing halving points of element sides
• showing division points (number of divisions can be set in “Set
Special Snap Values”
• showing a division point at a certain ratio of the side (as a
percentage)
• showing division points at a given distance from each other (and the
nearest node)
Use the “Set Special Snap Values” menu to set values for the division
points.
I
Also there is an option whether the division points should refer to the
entire element, or just that portion that falls between intersection
points with other elements.
For the time being we are going to use the halving points. They will help
us to insert windows into the walls. Let’s select the Window tool from
the Toolbox. In the Info Box let’s select the Center “Geometry Method”.
Let’s hover with the cursor over the walls and wait for the Special Snap
Points to appear. When they do, click on them with the cursor.
After the first click, the cursor changes to a little eye. Click toward the
exterior. The windows will be inserted exactly at the middle of the walls.
Let’s see the result in 3D: select Show all in 3D in the context menu.
Now we are all but ready to start our example project. With the Window
tool still active, select “Edit/Select all Windows” from the menu.
This particular menu item always refers to the currently active tool, so if
- let’s say - the Column tool is active, we’ll be able to select all the
columns from here.
Here, all the windows on the Floor Plan will be selected. Press the
“Backspace” or the “Delete” button on the keyboard. All the windows
will be deleted.
Do the same with the walls and the slab, too, to delete them. We’ll start
to build our example project with a clean sheet. Close this file with File/
Close. Choose "Don’t save" in the "Save changes" dialog box.
Congratulations!
You have succesfully completed this Training Guide! We hope that you
have learnt many new and exciting things about the possibilities of BIM
and understood how ArchiCAD supports the architectural design
workflow. Please check the other volumes of this training series for
more details about ArchiCAD.
Should you have any questions regarding ArchiCAD or other
GRAPHISOFT products, please visit ArchiCADwiki, our online knowledge
base: http://archicadwiki.com
Please feel free to contact GRAPHISOFT and its worldwide partners with
further questions at www.graphisoft.com.
We look forward to seeing you in the ArchiCAD user community.
The GRAPHISOFT Team