CHINESE TRADITIONAL MEDICINES RECOMMEDED IN THE

TREATMENT OF COVID-19
Advisor : Dr. M. Yanis Musdja, M.Sc.
Compiled to fulfill the assignment of the Radio Farmasi

Fatimah Nur Fauziyah

11171020000062

Farmasi 17 AC

DEPARTEMENT OF PHARMACY

FACULTY HEALTH SCIENCES

SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF

JAKARTA

JANUARY/2021
 FOREWORD

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

AssalamualaikumWr. Wb.

Praise and gratitude we say to Allah SWT who is almighty because of His blessing
that I was able to complete the Pharmacy Radio assignment entitled CHINESE
TRADITIONAL MEDICINES RECOMMEDED IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19
which was given to the lecturer, Mr. Dr. M. Yanis Musdja, M. Sc. lecturer of Pharmacy
Radio course.
I realized that although how I tried to present this paper to the fullest, there were
definitely flaws. So I expect criticism and suggestions from you, my friends, and anyone who
reads this paper, so that with your suggestions and criticisms I can be better at making the
next paper so that I will continue to try to be better.
That is my foreword, if there are words that are not pleasing to me, I apologize.
Hopefully the writing of this paper can be of benefit to me in particular and generally to
readers. May Allah SWT reward all of our deeds and worship.
Wassalamualikum Wr. Wb.

Jakarta, 31 January 2021

Fatimah Nur Fauziyah

11171020000062
 ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared SARS-CoV-2 a public fitness

emergency of global problem on 30 January 2020 and as a controllable pandemic on eleven
March 2020. The pathological capabilities of COVID 19 are very much like the ones visible
withinside the SARS coronavirus contamination and Middle East syndrome (MERS).
According to WHO statistics (as of March 22, 2020), the maximum said instances had been
in China (eighty one 498), Italy (fifty three 578), Spain (24 926), Germany (21,463), Iran (20
610), France (14,296). Korea (8897) and the United States (15,219). Various techniques had
been followed withinside the improvement of the CoV vaccine; maximum of those goals are
uncovered floor spike glycoproteins or protein S because the number one inducers of
neutralizing antibodies. One of the efforts to restriction the impact of viral contamination is
via way of means of constructing the immune system. The flavonoid content material in
hawker plant life can inhibit the pastime of this virus.
Keywords : COVID 19, immunity
 Table of Contents

Foreword 2
Abstrack 3
Table of Contents 4
Chapter I Introduction 5
1.1 The Background of The Study 5
1.2 The Identification of The Study 5
1.3 The Purpose of The Study 6
1.4 The Benefits of The Study 6
Chapter II Theoritical Review 7
2.1 Coronavirus and Transmission 7
2.2 Epidemiology of Coronavirus 7
2.3 Etiology of Coronavirus 9
2.4 Pathologenesis of Coronavirus 9
2.5 Clinical Diagnostics of Coronavirus 17
2.6 Risk Factors of Coronavirus 18
2.7 Treatment of Coronavirus 20
2.8 The Benefits of Traditional Medicine 20
2.9 Chinese Traditional Medicine 22
2.10 The Relationship Between Biological Activity Components of Chinese Traditional
Medicine and Treatment of COVID-19 25
Chapter III Conclusion 26
3.1 Conclusion 26
Bibiliography 27
 Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Background of The Study

In December 2019, a set of instances of peculiar pneumonia in Wuhan, China had
been stated to the World Health Organization (WHO). Then, the ones instances had been
connected to the brand new breathing virus presently called COVID-19. This contamination
assaults each continent. It became characterised through the WHO as a worldwide pandemic
on March 11, 2020. Countries round the sector are enforcing numerous preventive measures
to include the unfold of the contamination inclusive of tour and alternate restrictions, closure
of tutorial establishments and shops, and a few are taking stricter measures inclusive of
curfews. that is impressive. WHO emphasizes the significance of early case detection, touch
tracing, danger communication, making use of a multisectoral technique to combating
COVID-19 contamination. Countries should offer correct and obvious statistics to the general
public approximately the nearby and worldwide state of affairs of this growing
contamination. There are nonetheless many uncertainties surrounding the contamination of
this virus, the mode of transmission and the dynamics. Epidemiological investigations
specifically for the primary few instances of COVID-19 contamination are vital to expand
our understanding of this growing pandemic. In this overview we summarize the information
to be had on the primary few instances and deaths from COVID-19 contamination thru 18
March 2020 throughout the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean region. such
information is handiest to be had at the web sites of the fitness ministries of goal countries,
WHO situational reports, on-line newspapers and different media channels and this offers us
an concept of the quantity and kind of information to be had to the general public concerning
this developing contamination.

1.2. The Identification of the Study

1. What is the coronavirus and how is it transmitted?
2. What is the epidemiology of the coronavirus?
3. How is the pathogenesis of the coronavirus?
4. What are the risk factors for coronavirus infection?
5. How do obesity risk factors affect coronavirus infection?
6. How is the treatment of coronavirus infection managed?
1.3. The Purpose of the Study
1. To find out what the coronavirus is and its transmission.
2. To find out the epidemiology of the coronavirus.
3. To determine the pathogenesis of coronavirus.
4. To find out what risk factors cause coronavirus infection.
5. To determine the effect of obesity risk factors on coronavirus infection.
6. To know the management of COVID 19 treatment.

1.4. The Benefits of the Study

1. Can find out what the coronavirus is and its transmission.

2. Can find out the epidemiology of the coronavirus.
3. Can know the pathogenesis of coronavirus.
4. Can know the clinical manifestations of patients infected with the coronavirus.
5. Can find out what risk factors cause coronavirus infection.
6. Can determine the effect of obesity risk factors on coronavirus infection.
7. Can know the management of COVID 19 treatment.
8. Abduljali, J. M., & Abduljali, B. M. 2020. Epidemiology, genome and clinical
features of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2: a recent view. New Microbes and
New Infections, 100672. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205229752030024X)

9. Chiappelli, F., Khakshooy, A., & Greenberg, G. (2020). CoViD-19

Immunopathology and Immunotherapy. Bioinformation, 16(3), 219.
Diakses pada :
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7147500/)

10. Ejaz, H., Alsrhani, A., Zafar, A., Javed, H., Junaid, K., Abdalla, A.
E., ... & Younas, S. 2020. COVID-19 and Comorbidities: Deleterious
 Impact on Infected Patients. Journal of Infection and Public Health.
Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034120305943)

11. Fateh, A. H., Mohamed, Z., Chik, Z., Alsalahi, A., Zin, S. R. M., &
Alshawsh, M. A. 2019. Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Evaluation of
Verbena officinalis During Gestation Period in Female Sprague-
Dawley Rats. Chemico-biological interactions, 304, 28-42. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009279718314765)

12. GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Okba, N. M., Igloi, Z., Bogers, S., Embregts,
C. W., Laksono, B. M., ... & van den Akker, J. P. 2020. An Evaluation
of COVID-19 Serological Assays Informs Future Diagnostics and
Exposure Assessment. Nature communications, 11(1), 1-5. Diakses
pada : (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467- 020-17317-y)

13. Helmy, Y. A., Fawzy, M., Elaswad, A., Sobieh, A., Kenney, S. P., &
Shehata, A. A. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive
Review of Taxonomy, Genetics, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment,
and Control. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(4), 1225. Diakses pada :
(https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/9/4/1225)

14. Jamilloux, Y., Henry, T., Belot, A., Viel, S., Fauter, M., El Jammal, T.,
... & Sève, P. 2020. Should We Stimulate or Suppress Immune Responses in
COVID-19? Cytokine and Anti-cytokine Interventions. Autoimmunity
Reviews, 102567. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1568997220301294)

15. Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., & Duan, G.
(2020). Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-
19. Viruses, 12(4), 372. Diakses pada:
(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340321286_Virology_Epidemiolog
y_ Patho genesis_and_Control_of_COVID-19)
16. Kannan, S., Ali, P. S. S., Sheeza, A., & Hemalatha, K. 2020. COVID-
19 (Novel Coronavirus 2019)-Recent Trends. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol.
Sci, 24(4), 2006-2011. Diakses pada :
(https://www.europeanreview.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2006- 2011.pdf)

17. Katno. 2010. “Keamanan Obat Tradisional”. Crafts, no. 226: 51–55.
Diakses pada : (https://docplayer.info/228505-Tingkat-manfaat-dan-
keamanan-tanaman-obat-dan-obat-tradisional-katno-1-s-pramono-2-
abstrak.html)

18. Kim, J., Lee, Y. J., Kim, Y. A., Cho, E. S., Huh, E., Bang, O. S., &
Kim, N. S. 2017. Aqueous Extract of Phragmitis rhizoma Ameliorates
Myelotoxicity of Docetaxel in Vitro and in Vivo. BMC complementary and
alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-13. Diakses pada :
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1890-1)

19. Kim, N. S., Shin, S., Shin, G. G., & Bang, O. S. 2019. Genotoxicity
Evaluation of a Phragmitis rhizoma Extract Using a Standard Battery
of in Vitro and in Vivo Assays. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 241,
112025. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874119312930)

20. Kubica, P., Szopa, A., Prokopiuk, B., Komsta, Ł., Pawłowska, B., &
Ekiert, H. 2020. The Influence of Light Quality on The Production of
Bioactive Metabolites–verbascoside, Isoverbascoside and Phenolic Acids and
The Content of Photosynthetic Pigments in Biomass of Verbena officinalis L.
Cultured in Vitro. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:
Biology, 203, 111768. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1011134419317282)

21. McGonagle, D., O'Donnell, J. S., Sharif, K., Emery, P., &
Bridgewood, C. 2020. Immune Mechanisms of Pulmonary Intravascular
Coagulopathy in COVID-19 Pneumonia. The Lancet Rheumatology.
Diakses pada :
 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2665991320301211)

22. McGonagle, D., Sharif, K., O'Regan, A., & Bridgewood, C. 2020.
Interleukin-6 Use in COVID-19 Pneumonia Related Macrophage Activation
Syndrome. Autoimmunity reviews, 102537. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568997220300926)

23. Meng, L., Chen, S., Zhou, L., Liu, Z., Li, S., & Kang, W. 2020.
Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Effects of Genus Patrinia: a
Review. Current Pharmacology Reports, 1-35. Diakses pada :
(https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40495-020- 00240-7)

24. Merad, M., & Martin, J. C. (2020). Pathological Inflammation in

Patients With COVID-19: A Key Role For Monocytes and
Macrophages. Nature Reviews Immunology, 1-8. Diakses pada :
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0331-4)

25. Nishiga, M., Wang, D. W., Han, Y., Lewis, D. B., & Wu, J. C. 2020.
COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Mechanisms To
Clinical Perspectives. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 17(9), 543-558. Diakses
pada : (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7370876/)

26. Prompetchara, E., Ketloy, C., & Palaga, T. 2020. Immune Responses
in COVID-19 and Potential Vaccines: Lessons Learned From SARS and
MERS Epidemic. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 38(1), 1-9. Diakses
pada : (http://apjai-journal.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/1.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR1kVlFnoc6mobqEy7FDz_93fX__AaY8
ZgE4TUwtjzhh8oVqgs82rgf3QoU)

27. Raucci, F., Mansour, A. A., Casillo, G. M., Saviano, A., Caso, F.,
Scarpa, R., ... & Maione, F. (2020). Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), a key
molecule of innate and adaptive immunity, and its potential involvement in
COVID-19-related thrombotic and vascular mechanisms. Autoimmunity
Reviews, 19(7), 102572. Diakses pada :
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7252120/)
28. Shih, H. I., Wu, C. J., Tu, Y. F., & Chi, C. Y. 2020. Fighting COVID-
19: A Quick Review of Diagnoses, Therapies, and Vaccines. Biomedical
Journal. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2319417020300858)

29. Sukmana, M., & Yuniarti, F. A. (2020). The Pathogenesis

Characteristics and Symptom of Covid-19 in the Context of Establishing
a Nursing Diagnosis. Jurnal Kesehatan Pasak Bumi Kalimantan, 3(1),
21-28. Diakses pada : (http://e-
journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/JKPBK/article/view/3748/2536)

30. Susilo, A., Rumende, C. M., Pitoyo, C. W., Santoso, W. D., Yulianti,
M., Herikurniawan, H., ... & Yunihastuti, E. 2020. Coronavirus Disease
2019: Tinjauan Literatur Terkini. Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia, 7(1),
45-67. Diakses pada :
(https://ocw.ui.ac.id/pluginfile.php/2469/mod_resource/content/3/415-
1924-1- PB.pdf.pdf)

31. Wang, X. R., Hao, H. G., & Chu, L. 2017. Glycyrrhizin Inhibits LPS-
induced Inflammatory Mediator Production in Endometrial Epithelial
Cells. Microbial pathogenesis, 109, 110-113. Diakses pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0882401017304163)

32. Wen-Lan, L., Xue, Z., Xin-Xin, Y., Shuai, W., Lin, Z., Huan-Jun,
Z., ... & Zheng, X. 2015. Species Classification and Bioactive Ingredients
Accumulation of BaiJiangCao Based on Characteristic Inorganic
Elements Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry and
Multivariate Analysis. Pharmacognosy magazine, 11(44), 756. Diakses
pada : (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4621645/)

33. Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., ... & Wang,
F. S. 2020. Pathological Findings of COVID-19 Associated With Acute
Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The Lancet respiratory medicine, 8(4), 420-
422. Diakses pada :
(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-
 2600(20)30076- X/fulltext?rss=yes&utm_campaign=update-

lanres&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=83570178
&_hsen c=p2ANqtz-9uESUXj_Lm4iXDmvI7dkxjM6zR338P5y63h6v-

10exFeWJ3NmnEemsd0SL_ftH9EkPEZ3SiWrzL7vAIGVMdFVtzj32qQ&_h
smi=83 570178)

34. Yazdanpanah, F., Hamblin, M. R., & Rezaei, N. 2020. The Immune
System and COVID-19: Friend or Foe?. Life Sciences, 117900. Diakses
pada :

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320520306500)

35. Yonesi, M., & Rezazadeh, A. 2020. Plants as a Prospective Source of

Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19
Coronavirus. Diakses pada :

(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340771876_Plants_as_a_Prospectiv
e_Sour ce_of_Natural_Anti-
viral_Compounds_and_Oral_Vaccines_Against_COVID- 19_Coronavirus)

36. Zhang, Y., Wang, X., Li, X., Peng, S., Wang, S., Huang, C. Z., ... &
Qiao, Y. 2017. Identification of a Specific Agonist of Human TAS2R14
From Radix Bupleuri Through Virtual Screening, Functional Evaluation and
Binding Studies. Scientific reports, 7(1), 1-12. Diakses pada :
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017- 11720-0)

37. Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., &
Zhang, L. J. 2020. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective
From China. Radiology, 200490. Diakses pada :
(https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/radiol.2020200490)