Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (a) (i) slope/gradient
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1(a) (ii) area (under graph)
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (b) (i) no
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (b) (ii) dop
graph not horizontal
or velocity not constant
or (still) accelerating
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (c) (i) A
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (c) (ii) D
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1(c) (iii) C
(1)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (d) • constant velocity terminal velocity 1
• weight downwards/drag upwards 1
• equal 1
• no acceleration 1
(4)

Question Correct Answer Extra Information Mark

Number
1 (e) greater area under graph 1
before sea 1
(2)

(Total 13 marks)

4420_2H
0811
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) any one from: 1
• idea that there is no data at the value of 0;
• idea that {pressure of gas / speed of
particles} cannot be zero;
• idea that all data would be bunched
together at the top of the axis / eq;

(b) for either graph: 3

MP1. as temperature increases, pressure/speed ignore positive correlation
increases;

for graph 1:
MP2. relationship is linear; accept proportional only if
there is a clear link to the
temperature being
measured in kelvin

for graph 2:
MP3. relationship is non-linear;
MP4. idea of decreasing gradient of curve;

(c) any two from: 2

MP1. this temperature is absolute zero;
MP2. pressure/speed/kinetic energy of gas allow idea that negative
particles would be 0 at this temperature; pressure/speed/KE is
impossible
MP3. idea that it is impossible to have a
temperature lower than this;

(d) (i) answer in range 520-525 (m/s); ignore 515 1

(ii) recall of KE formula; can be implied from working 3

substitution; ECF from (i)
evaluation; -1 for POT error

e.g.
KE = ½ × mass × speed2
(KE =) 0.5 × 5.3 × 10-26 × 5202
(KE =) 7.2 × 10-21 (J) allow 7.16 × 10-21 - 7.31 × 10-21

(iii) 373 (K); 1

(iv) straight line with positive gradient; judge straightness by eye 2

line passes through origin;
Total for Question 8 = 13 marks
Question Question
Number
3 (a)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
water (spillage) near electrical
connection (1)

Question Question
Number
3 (b)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) wavelengths not clearly defined,smudgy
etc (1)

(ii) measure several wavelengths (1)

take average (1) (3)

Question Question
Number
3 (c)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) 29 - 30 (mm) (1)

(ii) 17 - 18 mm (1)

(iii) continue one line (1)

continue other line until they meet

(1)

measure angle 26º - 28º (1)

Notes maximum of (2) if no lines shown (2)

30
Question Question
Number
3 (d)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) James (1)

(ii) wavelength decreases with increase in

change of direction (1) dop

(iii) yes or no (1)

reason (1) dop

Notes (ii) varies inversely

(4)
Total 13 marks

31
Question Question
Number
4 (a)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
place rod in flame (1)

place rod in water (1)

note highest temperature of water / rise

in temperature/ compare temperature
readings (1)

repeat for another part of flame (1)

(4)

Question Question
Number
4 (b)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
ANY FOUR

amount of water in beaker (1)

(initial) temperature of water (1)

time of rod in flame (1)

size of flame (1)

same (metal) rod (1)

Notes award if any seen in (a)

(4)

31
Question Question
Number
4 (c)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) lagging, stirrer, stopwatch, measuring
cylinder (1)

(ii) gloves, pliers, tongs (1) (2)

Question Question
Number
4 (d)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
54 – 28 (1)
= 26 (1)
(2)

32
Question Correct Answer Acceptable Reject Mark
Number Answers
5(a) fracture energy = initial gpe - division or 1
final gpe product of
I=E+F phrases
i.e. E = I – F in words F=I–E (1)
in words

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Mark

Number
5 (b)(i) 60 × 10 × 0.5 60 x 9.81 x 0.5 = 294.3(j) 1
60 x 9.8 x 0.5 = 294(j)
= 300 (J) nwn 1
(2)

5 (b)(ii) 300 / same as (i) ecf 1

(1)

5 (b)(iii) ½mv2 = answer from (i) or (ii) ecf 1

1
= 3.16 (m/s) (2)

5 (b)(iv) friction / air resistance /drag energy lost to a stated form e.g 1
heat and/or sound (1)
not all gpe changed to ke

5 (b)(v) 300 – 70 allow ecf from b(i) 1

no ecf from (a) 1
= 230 ( J ) or 0.230 kJ (2)

Question Correct Answer Acceptable Answers Mark

Number
5 (c)(i) metal metal spring 1
any metal
metal wire
ignore ‘spring’ (1)

Question Correct Answer Reject Mark

Number
5 (c)(ii) linear region correctly marked 1
(1)

5 (c)(iii) dop 1
proportionality between force(or elastic behaviour
mass or load or weight) and (1)
extension OWTTE
(Total 12 marks)
 6 (a) The pressure (of the water) is
the greatest (at the bottom) 1
so that is where it needs to be Or so this is where the force is
strongest greatest 1

(b) Gravitational/potential ... Correct order essential for the

kinetic mark 1

(c) Appropriate statement (1 mark) with appropriate

explanation/example/amplification (1 mark)

Advantage examples 2
• Renewable (1 mark) so no waste of non-renewable resources (1
mark)
• No release of CO2 (1 mark) which is a greenhouse gas/damages
environment (1 mark)
• No release of 502 (1 mark) which causes acid rain/damages
environment (1 mark)
• (relatively) low maintenance costs (1 mark) and no fuel has to be
paid for (1 mark)
• Tourist amenity if a new/enlarged lake is created (1 mark) for
boating/fishing etc (1 mark)

Disadvantage examples 2
• Only suitable for hilly/mountainous region (1 mark) with high
rainfall (1 mark)
• Only suitable for particular sites (1 mark) which may (often) be
inconveniently located for users of electricity (1 mark)
• Occupies a large area (1 mark) so possible loss of scenic amenity
(1 mark)
• Land has to be flooded (1 mark) so loss of habitat(s) (1 mark)
• Unsuitable/unusable during drought (1 mark) as no
water/insufficient water behind/in the dam (1 mark)

(d) Appropriate statement (1 mark) with appropriate

explanation/example/amplification (1 mark)

Advantage examples 2
• Electricity is cheaper (1 mark) because (system) more efficient (1
mark)
• Current lower (1 mark) so power/heat/energy loss is less (1
mark)

Disadvantage examples 2
• Difficulty of insulation/prevention of earthing (1 mark)
[allow 'danger of electrocution'], contact may be lethal (1 mark)
• Overhead cables must be high (above ground) (1 mark), tall
pylons are expensive/unsightly (1 mark)
• Underground cables are very expensive/ difficult to maintain/to
cool/to insulate (possible (2 marks))
• Cost of transformers (1 mark), both step-up and step-down
transformers are needed (1 mark) ('expense' must be part of a
good answer)

Total 11 marks

Page 12 of 27 Edexcel International, Mark Scheme with Examiners' Report June 2005
IGCSE Physics 4420
 7. (a) Thermal/ heat Or kinetic energy of
particles/fission products 1

Do not credit just 'kinetic energy'

(b) Fission Or chain 1

(c) Any point (1 mark) then linked

point (1 mark) 2
• (to act as a) moderator
• (which) slows neutrons
• (that are) produced by
fission Accept 'produced by splitting
• (then) slow moving neutrons atoms'
more likely to split (other) or '(so that) the reactor works
nuclei more efficiently'

(d) (i) Moved (slightly) in and Accept ' ... speed .. .'
out/ up and down Do not credit this mark if the
(1 mark) erroneous suggestion is made that
the rate will increase if the rods
to control the rate of (the are lowered
nuclear) reaction/fission
(1 mark)

Independent marks 2

(ii) Plunged in/ forced down/ Accept 'dropped in'

at speed (1 mark)
to stop the reaction(s) (1 or to absorb the neutrons
mark)

Independent marks 2

Total 8 marks

222
Rn 1
86

Page 14 of 27 Edexce! International, Mark Scheme with Examiner5' Report June 2005
JGCSE Physics 4420
Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Rej ect Mark
Number Answers
8(a) t o reduce heat loss allow do not credit any
(f rom t he (small) ‘ t o st op/ prevent suggest ion of
beaker) heat loss’ elect rical
insulat ion or
or t o insulat e t he prevent ion of
beaker breakage
(1)

Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Rej ect Mark

Number Answers
8 (b) (gent ly) st ir (t he wat er bef ore t aking
t he t emperat ure)
(1)

Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Rej ect Mark

Number Answers
8 (c)(i) 5. 4 5. 40… 1
6. 8 6. 80… 1
(2)

Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Rej ect Mark

Number Answers
8 (c)(ii) ammet er amet er ampmet er
(1)
amet re a met er

current
met er

Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Rej ect Mark

Number Answers
8 (c)(iii) volt met er volt met er Volt amet er
volt age (1)
met er

Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Answers Rej ect Mark
Number
8 (c)(iv)
23 ( ˚ C) and 31 ( ˚ C) or correct dif f erence 1
8 ( ˚ C) bet ween candidat e’ s 1
readings. e. g. 37 and
49 t o give 12
(2)
Quest ion Correct Answer Accept able Answers Rej ect Mark
Number
8 (d) Any t wo (2) each examples 2

appropriat e point (1) heat loss (1) 2

by evaporat ion / f rom do not accept
amplif icat ion or linked t he surf ace of t he responses
point (1) wat er (1) such as ‘ t he
t hermomet er/
readings would not be t imer may not
const ant / would be accurat e’
change(1)
because of increase /
change in resist ance(1)

some heat ing t aking

place
while t he variable
resist or
being adj ust ed(2)

(very) dif f icult t o

ensure
ident ical mass of
wat er (1) because
some drops remain in (4)
measuring cylinder(1)

(very) dif f icult t o

ensure
ident ical st art ing
t emperat ure (1)
because room
t emperat ure not
const ant (1)

t emperat ure will not

exceed 100 oC (1)
when wat er boils (1)

(Total 12 marks)
Question Question
Number
9 (a)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) weight down(wards) (1) ‘or’ (force of) gravity
down(wards)

(water) resistance / drag / friction up(ward) (1) ‘or’

in opposite direction (to the movement / motion)

Notes - both force and direction for each either order

(ii) (water) resistance / drag / friction increases (1)

as speed/velocity increases (1) (depends on previous
so do not credit unless first mark gained) (4)

Question Question
Number
2 (
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
1.25 (2) ‘or’ F = ma (1) ‘or’ (a) = 15 ÷ 12 (1)

m/s2 or ms-2 (1)

(3)

Question Question
Number
12 (
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) down(wards) (1) at a steady speed (1)
‘or’ no acceleration / deceleration (2)
‘or’ constant velocity (2)

(ii) zero/0(N) (1)

(3)
Total 10 marks

22
Question Question
Number
10 (a)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) (nuclear) fission (1)

(ii) hit other uranium/ nuclei (1)

neutrons emitted which go on to hit other
nuclei and so on (1)
Notes - or words to that effect but must
convey the idea that the process goes on and
on also depends on the previous mark

(iii) kinetic energy (of the fission products)

(1)
‘or’ kinetic energy of the (daughter) nuclei
and neutrons
Notes - allow ‘heat’ or ‘thermal energy’ or
‘internal kinetic energy’

(iv) alpha particle has positive charge (1)

any suggestion
is repelled (by the positively charged nucleus) that the
(1) neutron is (7)
attracted
(but) neutron has no charge (so it is not
repelled) (1)

Question Question
Number
10 (b)
Acceptable Answers Reject Mark
(i) any two of
• slows neutrons
• neutron(s) more likely to hit/split ‘…. of U238’
nucleus/nuclei (of U235)
• so the reactor works more efficiently

(ii) to control the speed/rate of the (fission) just ‘they are

reaction (1) moved in and
out’
prevent overheating/reaction getting out of just ‘control
control / meltdown (1) reaction’

(4)
Total 11 marks

27
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) (i) Current – 2(.0) (A); 1
Voltage – 12(.0) (V); 1
ecf from a i
(ii) Using E = V x I x t (formula given on sheet)
Time conversion; 1
Substitution; 1
Answer; If time conversion not done / incorrect then 1
e.g. ALLOW
20 minutes = 20 x 60 seconds = 1200 seconds E = V x I x 20 with subs of V and I for 1 mark
E = 12 x 2 x 1200
28 800 (J) ALTERNATIVE APPROACH (using power)
Calculate power of heater = V x I;
Calculate 30000 ÷ (20 x 60);
to show comparability;
 Question Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (b) (i) Efficiency = useful energy output / total energy 1
input;

(ii) Substitution into correct equation; ALLOW values calculated using their answer to 1
Calculation; (a) (ii) e.g. 22 000 / 28 800 = 0.76 1
e.g.
22 000 / 30 000 ALLOW percentages
= 0.73

(iii) Calculation of useful energy doesn’t allow for 1

energy lost;
1
(iv) Insulate the block (to reduce energy loss);
(c) (i) Energy raising temperature of the heater / Time 1
for energy to transfer between heater and
thermometer;
(ii) Heat transfers through block by conduction; 1
input (energy) greater than output (energy); 1

(iii) ANY TWO of 2

Energy lost to surroundings;
by radiation;
at higher rate;
most of the heat supplied is lost / energy input
and output nearly equal;

Total 15
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
12 Any FIVE from: 5
MP1 reference to Doppler effect;
MP2 wavefronts are emitted at constant
frequency by buzzer;
MP3 wavefronts arrive at student (A) further
apart than when they were emitted;
MP4 distance between wavefronts is the Allow ‘wavelength
wavelength; increases’ if MP3 or MP4
not awarded
MP5 speed = frequency × wavelength;
MP6 speed of waves is constant;
MP7 as speed is constant and wavelength has
increased, frequency must decrease;
MP8 decrease in frequency is experienced as a
decrease in pitch;

(Total for Question 9 = 5 marks)

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
12 (b) (i) correct symbol for resistor; 4
correct symbol for cell;
correct symbol for ammeter;
circuit is complete series circuit; reject extra components
allow ECF for
missing/incorrect symbols

(ii) voltmeter symbol is correct and in parallel with 2

any component;
voltmeter is in parallel with variable resistor;

(b) any FOUR from: 4

stretchy resistor increases in resistance (when
mass increased);
total resistance increases;
I = V/R; reject V=IR or I=V/R with
assumption of constant
current
current in circuit less;
voltage across fixed resistor decreases;
so voltage across stretchy resistor increases;
as total voltage is constant/voltage of cell
constant;

(c) (i) voltage; allow ‘V’ 1

(ii) suitable linear scale chosen (>50% of grid used); ignore orientation 3
axes labelled with quantities and unit;
all plotting correct to nearest half square;

(iii) correct best fit line judged by eye; 1

(Total for Question 12 = 15 marks)