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    Syrian Christianity and Judaism

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    H. Drijvers - Syrian Christianity and Judaism -1992

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    Syrian Christianity and Judaism

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    180 views16 pages

    H. Drijvers - Syrian Christianity and Judaism - 1992

    Uploaded by

    the_doctor1990
    Syrian Christianity and Judaism

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    THE JEWS AMONG PAGANS AND CHRISTIANS In the Roman Empire died by Judith Lien, John North and Tessa Rajak Re London and New York Mit camScanner gescannt ng peblshed 1992 Tye Rowedge 1 New Fener Lane London ECD 4EE Smaneosly pitt in che USA and Canada ‘yr Rouedge 4 division of Route, Chapman and Hal, oe 39 Wet 38 Ses New Yer NY 10501 Edi teri © 1992 Jueh Lien, Joon North td Tes Raley Iadisaual capers © 192 individual consibuors, Sein 1/12 Garamond by Lay, London Peed and bound in reat Ucn by TH Press Putow) Le, Padstow, Cornell A sighs reed. No par of ths book may he eprint o ‘pprofuced or uta in any form of by ay elton, smctunea oc oer meso, Sow know o heer ened incldig plococpring tnd recor ay infnmaccn ‘rag Greener stem ioe ermsn ke weg om te publics rbsh Lary Cataloging in Pabition Date ‘The Jet among pats and Chins he Roman Epi. 1 Reman Empire, fudanm, Hiory 1 Liew edith Not Joho "I Rak Tessa oath Library of Congest Caaoging in Publication Data “The Jews among apn ted Chaat fhe Roman Epil by 7 "edi Un, Jobe Non Tae Bask Includes biiogapl rlrnces and inde. 1, Juans inary Taeobc pod Tesi 2 Chea iy church, S040 Rome-Raligon 4. Just eatone-Chrtaniy. 5. Chratany a one felons Sein Liew, Jdsh Norby olin I, ake Tosa ‘aij ioe 296.0905 dete 9686s ISBN 0-415-0072-5 CONTENTS Lis of combat Price bevitions ote on tarsi lary of Ji sares and tems Ghronlga uide tothe Joos Diapora toner Roman rade Mey Inxodtion Jub Lien, Jol Nomb and Ten Rak 1 The Jew communi and is boundaries Tena Bae 2 The pre-Christian Paul Martin Henge! 2 Jewish proseltning inthe frst cenury ‘Marin Gooden 4 Hlitory and theology in Chnian views of Jaden Judith Lien 5 The Jews of the Gratco-Roman Diaspora berween apanism and Christy, x0 312-38 Fergus Miler 6 Syrian Chisiasty and Judaism Han Drivers » 3 ” m Mit camScanner gescannt 7 From Judsisin to Chrnanty: The Syrite version ofthe Hebrew Bible Michael Weitemen w 8 The development of religious plraism Jol Nowa hii m4 Index a LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Han Drivers is Profesor inthe nate of Semi Languages tel Lnertars inthe University of Groningen ‘Martin Goodman i Reader in Jewith Seas in the Usivescy of Onto Martin Henge is Profescor of New Testament and Early Jadism in he Univensicy of Tobingen Judith Liu Lecturer in Chen Origine and Esty Jods fm King’s College London. Foopue Milar Camden Profeuce of Ansieat History in the Unvensicy of Oxford John North Senioe Lectrer in Ancient History in Uaiversiy College London ‘Tea Rak it Reade in Clasce inthe Univesiy of Reading, Michal Weitzman is Letrer in Hebrew and Jewish Stadies in Unvewsty College London. Mit camScanner gescannt vss genzosly sie by rane fom the Bish serie wa ge y inh Acton, Tot of Jevth toes of Unverty College Lone BE PEESE Gita! Sate, London aed of od Ted et Srmond a sco frso. us ABBREVIATIONS sind gs dich ht freee cin 8 Ciba) Leas pat Paro See Ee coin Olen Fo ee ra ene ‘rerio, Laine Sele, H. Dests Prat Litman | Pig Seta ins Een codons Cade dren, eV, Teheikover, A. Mit camScanner gescannt 6 SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM Han Drijvers ANTIOCH AND EDESSA ‘The main ceure of Chistanity in Syia was. Amioch on the (rons the former Sdeuid cape, where the fist Gentle om: ‘ered 0 the new bel. There the name Chistany (onion) ‘ae into use for the fs time, snd fom there the mision to the Genes sare (Aco 15-20), Amos thereon, wan the fm pac wine te Chistian (= “Chrisus-peopie) stood ot om Jodi 3 divine sect (Meeks and Walken 197: 13-36 Downey 1961: 272). We can asus thatthe new bebe spread ‘usm from Amich slong the msn rade roues to orate Mepis So came wo Ede pial of te al igo sf Ostheenein orem Mesopotania though Cyrus Dos Oto nn peania through Cyrus, Dich, pra es en at Bie os Be pe Se ral ma ah sh oe Ae hte eae Sates sao Hegre Sune fg ene wri Na eg ae tes tonearm ce a ch on ines te el Se ren ie has Tne oe ee Gi pn ay pr at ghar uo ores Mepet ESSN Sih he el and al ace oe na 9) 4 (Oues 1968 Drips 97: woh 90) Sane SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAS. a cea ad ae i cock at ee eis ce Sy a oe Aa hank he et de of 5 I Chest ergs sad developmen in this particle act ht Gul phenmenon whch Slope Scie eae ee ne Berke oof peel mt ot Et er wees ae eles eit eS Fre enone a ict Gi roe nt me Sa rite eiienmrsiperctnd we ee nae mea Sea Sree scoer cere Sk BeBe no oe ene Heep ey oe al ee rete pe tae Sms fa es st a Be ns Mit camScanner gescannt WAN DRIVERS (ht agony o iv pred hos Seve ter no ein mse eh et nc Croton ach ane STR el tne nd mona he its exclusive use, * Sem vse the ces of het sith schol where piosophy and rhetoric were taupe wo he ge GGeck wosks were mos likely readin Greek bot We och SIS Stars tri oa sear ts hig ff eanlason from Grech ito Syria andthe other way Ser itstrd al ed even con he we Salome sel ind tap ne oe eh ‘fer Ue Grn e7T he oe etna Rope ter ocarey meena eee Teno Gres Brdsint eerie ne Se win fleet fee pape a bsp Risnerl aged eee Epa nor hee eae ee A Sit alae toy Euct of Coren he a Sit ts mle ne Ga ead Se he brane lah ner ie. of Nasu Auris, 1-0) creed Seyi od Eases son sali Sroe compe! tape et he Send eer indo corns obs ed Sen hsm ngs sad cp tpt ih oy sti os ag Techs ied ey nee Eee Scebascal see aman on sie ets Ron the i Septet eons Chung fae (heed soy Ese on te ped Sich gob ot ate Sud emp h sina se Sonia a Fly ete ma a a en ne SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM in the cen Zenoia and undoubtedly taught and wrote in Gree dialect In Syria, language was nota colteral bare, Bighe ashe fe ie cieagte Heke ew he Tae Se oe cai a, Mad ata ewe the National Mustom of Damas, i good example of poate eigen eto eee et le a on Samra eae ser (CHRISTIANITY IN SYRIA ‘Chisianiyspead is ear Antioch, the min admin and ‘alia! conte and t string point of itary and commercial fcihtes tect may Be ray ssmed thatthe Chan tekct do spread fom Amtoch wo the ean and reached the cen St nonhe Mesopotamia, Ede and Nis, some sie Ging the cond centr. The dels ofthe Chan mon inthe Syrin eeion ae, however. completely unknown. ‘Christa abo ame to DuriEsropon, wheres Christan dhipel welt 2 tapers fas been exer raking 1967- A Grech fepment tke Dhaesir somal harmony conpored by Taian daring the second hal of the snd cemry 0, ma ao ducovered a DareEuropos (Bracing 1998) The connecion wih Antioch it tn imprena oe and, 9 to speak dct by the rend See, Dire vay foc Josie secern Nesoptania ‘Mrouph he deven hd nor exe Tovelers who wanted o oortey Mit camScanner gescannt an DRIVERS a ee ag cn mee sn im ce om sed ren Mempne snd in parveuar at Edesa deserve special attention, becruse ‘bas widely been believed to represent a verv special kind of Christ 1 kind of cultural enchve, unpuched by Hellen, 8 scholar cee eens eas se inant atin oe gy Ripa crea oie eee ee a re dS ote Siti, fo nC Se nc tt rash ree woe als ayer races ge Statesman at Saeed ana acm teal Cet ee at ee ce ie rs SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM cin, ad shar» crn tering. Th nie poplin Sri ke Elena cccbned spp ipow len wh ed EA cen and mat he Sone wn eater tins Suttope wat be hed frm shr nas doen, A etre go othe magn, wher eb Genesee Mth roby Os Cs ues a3) Ioan ts nro Kealape deren ligiar pc 8 Mik od epeioes of hsealy sta dere the satay sce for he nay of Edoene Cini sats Go the tod bal of ond ener ao om SIS etc nahing swt he hr ogo he loo BEE? cep peng les whch hve shot oom inte “aoc ba oly ctpate ou Le of wld evden LEADING INFLUENCES IN SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY he nc wc ey osha on Tate Ayn ‘who wis 4 pupil of Juin Mary in Rome and wen ick 0 hit em or 7 ei oe os Gt ed Gr fn pilrphical antl theolopietretie The dive oon Ses Wert hls s evr psion Tsang “The logos fancions as eretor and 3 savour an he syng principle hat unites God and man The only way to sachs ion and regun man's orginal immoral by pring 30 Iunee acral sce, ena, Basel, Tazo doce leat from a theoreti iempcint = her simple The fit tan, Adam, wa rested by the divine logo 4a trol beng emposed of body sel and ind. The soa is man's Hecgving Prince the mind (nou) is dvine enc rd embodies Ada nmonaliy. When the fst man, however, ade the wrong ute at his God-given re wilh lu he vine mind ho calla a light robe, snd comequnty Beame moral and therefore 3 ‘seri being Saation fom she rate of Uaopines adi ie trough about only by seal scrim, by Lepang body and soul pure so tat cheer = ati Jeet the dite ad = ‘an dll in mans soul ad in thi wy” Bing him bee vo hi eri wat of immoral: Ebr the oly wry of ning {HETIL squrangthe mdling of Co mind aught ism is aps prover of regtinng pare lone Ths on the fice of single tdiene dome te mansueam of Syn Givi etn atthe oot of ts ceacepe of te ang the 29 yorouigte Theol. Demure entree Mit camScanner gescannt HAN DRIERS| eet ee anchor dcop eee ge son a a mn ga sein a ai fe Bate Shoe ata ne rebar SER ime td pean ce aaa Poitier burner ae Sige ett korea ee a ‘Senay ER Bin oma Beek ie ee re oe Boe STS eee enn ty Tain ono a Dien ine a argh Tie orn te ign, {ike his teacher Justin Marys, Tatian was a strong opponcat of Stace hr en a arte ‘aie inte faneerh and wiih ea Milas Pinning fer Fak a 10 SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND juDAss just fe Jewish Holy Book and retained feom the gospels an SEE a bell ct i rnyS ncmiyat sepals pene pei ad siteacas otey reese 1 Gea is One, 8 you say Heit nd Hea crested masking inning yo todo wha you are charged oy why dd le ot rete mand in sch wie that they ould ot Sin But be Mit camScanner gescannt ‘eae full. Bardhan said to” him: “Tell me ny St eetya whardo you think: The God of the Uniram 28 ag Be Oma crs Sm oo ‘This comeraion contains peeiely Macion's stan from whch be coscled tht the erator ian vl deny Pent be cened mankind inthe wrong way. Barisan tes dese Nery Srbaet Gal enor hanson MLSS ell God eee mae pale ad heheh nae con! Silogs Basha aoe SSCs a oe anette san he ee ae an acto eae to Tuan’ as. Tie dine os Sas Ge musa ae Gen ses hes Alpe roy Ses ena ad por needa SS Colada ale A ecg na isda che at seer eg oie ohana pir or ore authee'e a es {re wil m rier to han col fom the worl, Again icaraon pal toe ee Ae eee EDN ips anand eee nace Sims her ee a in doit cme in he sree SPS se iene wa Tec syac Se Ogu eld cay ol pa SES CS ren ee Son syn ing of harap eps aby pening momen eran feo se Pao rern whol ‘eral aie tw young tee Fo her S nghogt ey cul ch et Soo Se cing Hosa een a Si ee ee shen on geen sha aah SR Larne dn a ee feet ao nal Cae Sete he cient Ca i) Sn soe Seo ce op rope ign sh pa br ed couple SeRIASS CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM sein, Hes atl enhstoril sins pong,» combi schiny jetn Didyma y Thomas te The Se ems a) meas ein ~ and da the lari ot aa er was ented with Jods the brother of Jes, the [bhai Wa Lord, and conseqoenty sen 32 broth of fests seo horas ie heer Jee” in bother ard see too Jee hte Loed himself ln 1970: 88-96; Driers 96 ae Sexual abutinence maker man into a true son of Gol, 1 17} jou the only Som of Ged, who is hs hemeny double ari ese inne spit in hi, in ths way man ic brought HS his oxpinalimmoralty when he had aor yet lst the ae capint Thee is one simple message: asain from 2ex and peed be ike Adam and Even pres. The same heme can Jo led nthe her wings Under the mame of Judas Thomas Tee Goipe of Thomas preserced in 2 Coptic Fenion in the Tonic Borary of Nag Hmm, and the Book of Thomas the ‘Eonteder found a Nag Hammadi too, These works abo berny [Syren orgins have moch i common withthe Act of Thoma nd splay Tati theological concepts. The olen remarkable ‘Sr biare Gonpel quotations in the Govel of Themes ace elated 1S teen of Taans Duatsaron and ae another sign of Tan's ‘Gesitrile influence Batt 198: 168), TNowintes followers of Rosin, eh Chis 208 pcp be proops fo, soem vo have dominstal the Chistian ‘ene athe becca of he rd cena in Soria ad ‘When 2is Mont wa bom, Mani procsmed himself the 2pone Ur Jes Chr a dal Pauly and. developed the various elemenss (of heist inthe Syrian area inte a raialy Guise ste Marcon ard Bardasan proved bin with esentalelemeass for The comrneson. ef his cosmological and sotrologal moth, ‘ich domunated by to apponng pancipe, ght and dak ess These have fought a permanent fghe fom de ine before the cation of our rable wodd. Then darkness discovered the (Wend of fghe and stacked it Aesoring tothe Manichaan mth {he gal ofthe werd of light sent hs Son he fist man, ro the {nl darkness inorder to repel to its own domain. But the int Stn ete Sinquera and hed cptve by te darkness. The result rie haw tt ght pari, eeresented By the ft man ave hos nopraoned ini and date mater, out of which this word bop Renfree crete Pang over all the complicated TEAEW ins covmologea ad andropologal myth, he esence 3 Mit camScanner gescannt as onyvens ad db pie 0 cord I he wl a oft te Bote eye tar oa SSH aT eS we br ue ‘vith a special diet, i order not to damage the light particles they TAD Witaleerrebce They had nepate tw gf si el cer ee ae oe ot seus ie ta nena ae tarp hea anette Bsc ca re he to awe th a a ace eat mioey rego tnd. Mincaen edits taity I'ma ie ea pat teh Zap rant eg srg ard fe prot Bayan Ane keliag Sane Sn in Mn wu guy nd soe el S1Rihon Msn One othe eee Nines Te TATE Sue ote ee SE Necpouin eon Org he el hl a he Sed Sry Shc spn nl eee ne Flea tte tens te ee ae e at Cae mee elon, te SP. a soc aes oats td roo eos wie Lia Solicited TRahce odode unas pe oats nay SEM he Sean Ce nl 2 cae foe eres orgasm Pe ork wos ey a ony tiem Sat vista to bre ma into nets whch Mw wo (Coan sl eney 18 Koen er it, Spier we an a Ces ne Sra ea 1 He ied plement 9 eco ope seek eb dro Ton ol Tho {ps thaw peopl cri ta rch Stem of emempony pilosa of eee a pO fame Marois and Manichaea embod “The seer of Mani ‘of Macchi inpartslar gave the impetit 10 8 Be SyRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM. eanermoneer on te pt of other Chris which would et se rcenryonbodory avg oe aks wth Seon erent nthe tale Dacia da ove TR fetar apocrplal corerpndenee beeen the in ohch 6 Alar Chaos (he bik) and ese fom the Boose ee ey whe Hes convenient the new eid er on) The end anew te howe of Drie et rpote hecoespodence mo the fis Fok ca oe sy 1) usa lw ac be nse co ao em Sac nn Gk fm xe onal en sm Edo Tos ory town ror fo ey arn hed scopy ofthe Abr eed a eam th Coons selvce The meme As shat ane omar wo Evin, bcos no apt o howe a7 ase was known i he cay Rover of Pee cmon ht he age lo Tea, eo iStenes bi lpn opens by sling what he Edens King se st he Horan goeror of ya wth I SUedncTe ie ey ooh Haan th op See Rene mes ge ros on etna ee SULIT Elsen noma ome hem Jolie Shor ncn Jeter, meet te Bate 2 arte wamal te i Jest and nem we a8 Sede Jo mk ie They bewnirdeaice word Tu oieadtupo sen aletrsa jews Tekin sid JS SPE Won Ene nn thw ofthe Soha ETaik be aie heen worse col ho Rig Nostloscun nef ctny wet co Jeralms SREESS tet our i he hun fe Jv gh pr Resides fad onc how nd ant rep ih eb Een elves re won gun verb Abpar Uklama, w Jesus, the Good Physisin, who bas fppccel in ie country of Jerslem. My Lon: Peace, T me heard of The and of Thy healing, tat i is no by Ihetignes and ous Thos hele, but By Thy word Thou ‘pene the yer ofthe Bed, Thou makes ee he 10 wally Slime the Ieper and taker the deaf eo hes And ‘icles pins and nate, tnd dose tormented, hem Thow een by Thy word; Thou ako rss the dead. Aed when hs Mit camScanner gescannt HAN DRYVERS, ew se ge onde wih Thw dn, desde Ter Cie ak wa de a ge ago Thorny 1 a te ge cre fie a Se ee eget ae ee ere Eee vin time wl been Thee Page HAST Lathe memantine eee eta set Suc a deep Bihtoay pnorss eal siaamee its sfliine for Boch vo dwell initia quietenn Jest reply to Abas lene is a follows Bleed ar shou, who, although thow hast not seen Me, belive in Me, fort wren of Me, Those who sce Me sel sot ebese ia Me, and those who see Me nots wil five in Me. But 2s 0 har whih thou hart writen vo Ae thar I should come to thee, that for which T'was sent here ' now fiished, and | am going up so my Faher, who sent ‘me, and when | have gone up to Him, I will snd to thee fone of my disciple, who will coe the diese which thou hast and restore thee o health; and ll who aze with thee he will conver to everlasting ie. Tay city shall be Blesied, fnd-no enemy shall aain become marer of it for ever. his 175: 45) ‘Asa esl of Jess” promise 10 Abgar the apostle Adds arrived 1 Edesa, sen there by Judas Thomas. Adda ayed with Tobias 400 of Tobis, Jew froin Palestine, unl King Abgar exnt about his coming and invited him to cour There Adda heled the king tnd some of his nobles, preached the gospel and gor the oppor= lusiy to speak to the ene population of Edessa, which sssembled at royal odes i a are auare, Everybody, eten some Jews and pagan piss convened othe new bebe (Drivers 1985 88-56), The orginal Abgar legend with the correspondence 25 in the course of tine extended with varios addins all vith 2 ‘ropaeandsic am, util reached is final form some ine ing. ‘the fist hal ofthe fit century ap, The original legend, however, has nothing to do with & supposed early or even ner conversion the Eesiene dynasty, but hat «clear ant Mancheean pro finds im, Adds, ne ofthe be-nowa Maniczean mssionst- 5 inthe Syrian rea, was wenslormed into Christan apomle- 16 SYRIAN CHRISTIANITY AND JUDAISM. os Man wrote o Fd, J ho sen letra wich he Je cmey av apone Tew of ts pee nee EIT. Stole prope i Jos Goel hee os dee end the Pane, Job 174 evel Tl you th wth; is expen for you hat seers To nor aay, he Comfoner il nt 1 bt 1 ep {wl end ev ut ou, ere A cere wl ere he wo fed Fa Beaastes aed of aden 1 Jou lene Abr he promises 0 sedan apa, whos 0 Ie Ae of he Parte Conor he we, ohn Gove es asovory ht Man cones ca esc Pale Te et fom jb? Gone in aoe eae Surcaron wa hs sn apo easton arches eso n sonata a8 meal he posse Pola, Inthe Aba oroor- feel oe ota aos ho our tbe Ada Tee Se ee Alga legend th dees Bins Sac moe arta singh sa peng de Tog Chany» mich oe {lereore much move prestipons than Marichseis and its lea cet te une of Rng Abr Unk and Jn wher BET Alb ac to Chan led wit he ere of Chee Se Ts he ean nye ged ero tha Rub eed eth Tats son of Tobay, 2 Je om Perig ha Sen some Js cone to ew he Te toe Haesr Edie ad paar King Abgu Uhine iy on teense ds ngenous an septal sors ene BLEU Un Seal conto wi the Samana sour td poss By ler Teak poupe cen Guan Zeno of Pare Noa ofthe ons iat Mn miscues. re set oh Sarl ene wound peel pesnages rine 9 PEGS Tac pepe the Nya end a serepodence Jeane bye Masha mic and ou Eos {Jy etna comen of Man pst perfomance a Mit camScanner gescannt HAN DRIVERS THE JEWS OF EDESSA AND THE Onto SYRIAC-SPEARING Chistian OF ‘Nowe ths rough shech of Syrian Chrissy, Jud farsi the Jews at Eos sk for ate 1 284 n Jewish community that pethaps comprised about 12 per cent terutin: Tis percentage bel on the meses ae te fh ine hour fee written in Hebrew and one in Greek (Segal 1965: 40; Segal 19950 Jewish too, but there is 2 lot of guesswork here. Some shen, ofthe Jewbh congregation were merchants in sk sae Bae ‘es amin stain onthe sk roadto Ching They were ne then a cena wealth a potion ta seciny Bat seem oe ‘umber of the Jews sus have bonged to the rk sel the Edesienepoplason. Thee wa atlas one synapge, chk ‘eis made nt church of Se Sepn in the fst hal tte Se entury when Rabu the tyrant of Elsa, hell te Bobopy See: Edea’s Jews had therefore s certain weight and lalenee Sich abo Becomes car from the fact ha the ey b mentonad inthe Targam on Genesis 10:10 and is Meni with ba Erk Seal 1979: 153). Bur the main argument forthe impor ance and dint Jens ual taken rom te. _supposely apd growth of Chrisianity and the fle abated Tou Tess rik procr Of comerion Te ee Nowa subtle tJ ihe Chinon of Ea founded, since bated only om spree nerpretin ‘the Docrrins Addai, a : Some scalars consrus sik between she Abgat legend and the famous conversion ofthe ray house of Adiabene r0 Jssism 4 told by Flavus Josephus CAntigutin XX-2, 31 Sel 1980 iss Opperhemer 1983: 1-17) Jost 36 Queen Hens ad King Lane of Adiabene convened to Juan so King ADga of Edna embraced the Christan tet Others belo tt a ee where unknown Christian apostle Addai brought the gospel Grey fram Jenslem to Ede, so that oral and ue clement ofthe erly Chrnian mesage were preserved a 3 onl Mesopotamian King. inthe Tomas pspel

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