HVAC DESIGNING NOTES HVAC DESIGNING NOTES

Ventilation System (Fresh & Exhaust Air) - Exchanging of Air within space
and Outside.

Exchanging of air can happen due to :

 Pressure Difference
 Difference in Density

Positive Pressure or Fresh Air System( EA < FA) -

 For Improving IAQ
 Pressurization fan is used for creating Positive Pressure.
 For Kitchen Ventilation (100% Fresh Air)
 For Clean Rooms ,OT’s (100% Fresh Air)

Negative Pressure or Exhaust System( EA > FA) - Caused by Exhaust Fans, Mostly we
create negative Pressure ,The advantage of creating negative Pressure is that if any
odour,smoke is present inside the room that will removed outside .If we Positive pressure
there may be chances of Staggering Smoke or Odour from outside to inside .
FA should be 70-85% of Exhaust

Ventilation are generally of two types:

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 HVAC DESIGNING NOTES HVAC DESIGNING NOTES

 Natural Ventilation( Window ,Louvers, Doors ,Vents)

 Forced Ventlation ( Tube Axial Fans ,Vane Axial Fan , Jet Fan)

Major Areas For Ventilation

 Car Parking
 Toilet
 Kitchen
 Staircase

Staircase Pressurization:
We have two Options for that
In Case of Fire ,People will try to escape from staircase but due to fire the smoke will be 1. Exhaust (Ventilation) –
accumulated in the staircase , Not used because People coming from the above floor may inhale the toxic Gases.
In Staircase Pressurization our aim to remove that smoke . 2. Providing Fresh Air (Pressurization) –
 In This Case we provide Pressurization Fan placed on the roof and with help of Duct
fresh air is supplied to each Floor
 Air Release Vent or Smoke louvers are provided on each floor for smoke removal
from the building.
 A Pressure Relief Damper is also Provided for maintaining Pressure not more than
50Pa.
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So in Staircase Pressurization What we need to design?

1. Pressurization Fan Capacity.

2. Designing of Air Release Vent or Smoke Louver Sizing.
3. Designing of Pressure Relief Damper.

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1. Determining Pressurization Fan Capacity.

Case -01

2. Smoke Louver Sizing

Exhaust Air Louver Size A = Q/V
Flow through Fire Floor (M3/S) = Q
Velocity through Louver (M/S) = V (2.5M/S)
Case -02
Q=AxV 3. Pressure Relief Damper (PRD) Sizing .
A = Area of Open Door (Sqmt) Pressure Relief Size AE = Q / 0.83 P 1/n

V= Velocity through open Door (m/s)

Fan Capacity = Case -01 + Case 02

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 HVAC DESIGNING NOTES

Example-01
Calculate Pressurization Fan Capacity , Smoke Louver Size & PRD for G+6 Floor Building.
GF - Double Door
1-6F- Single Leaf Door

Stairwell Pressurization.xlsx

Fan Sizing for Toilet / Basement / Car Parking Ventilation

CFM = ACH X Volume / 60

Toilet :- 10-12 ACH

Basement /Car Parking :- 6-12 Normal & 12-18 In Case of Fire

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