SUMMER TRAINING PROJECT REPORT ON

E-COMMERCE
IN

"SPV LABORATORIES PVT. LTD."

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF

THE DEGREE OF

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (MBA)

2019-2021

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: SUBMITTED BY:

MR. PAYUSH APOORNA JAIN

ASST. PROF. IN MGT. DEPT. ROLL NO. : 19MBA012
GITAM MBA 3rd SEMESTER
REGN NO.: 12HITTJ0126

GANGA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT,

KABLANA, JHAJJAR
AFFILIATED TO MD UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK, HARYANA
124001
 CERTIFICATE
There Is To Certify That The Research Entitled, “E-COMMERCE” being Submitted by

APOORNA JAIN To The H.O.D. MANAGEMENT OF GANGA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT , KABLANA JHAJJAR, Affiliated To MDU,

ROHTAK For The Award Of The Degree Of MBA is a record of bonafide research work

carried out by her.

APOORNA JAIN
MBA 3RD SEM

Ther is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of my
knowledge.
 CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE

I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the report entitled “Information
Technology” by “APOORNA JAIN” in partial fulfillment of requirements for the award of
degree of MBA submitted to Department of ( “ Management ” ) of GITAM. at M.D.U Rohtak
is an authentic record of my own work carried out during a period from 5th August, 2020
to 05th October, 2020under the supervision of Mr. Sanchit Garg.

Signature of the Student

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my/our knowledge

Signature of the SUPERVISOR(S)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to MR. PAYUSH under his guidance I

could complete the project being undertaken on the ‘E-COMMERCE’

successfully in time. His meticulous attention and invaluable suggestions have

helped me in simplifying the problem involved in the work. I would also like to

thank the overwhelming support of all the people who gave me an opportunity to

learn and gain knowledge about the various aspects of the industry.

APOORNA JAIN
MBA 3RD SEM
INDEX

1INTRODUCTION TO E-COMMERCE
Electronic Commerce commonly known as E-commerce which denotes different types of
transactions involved in commercial activities. It contains both organizational and individual
activities which include the processing and transmission of digitized data such as text, pictures,
sound and video etc.
E-commerce has developed a new environment with the help of internet in business transactions
and processing. Here information is provided direct to the consumers about the product they
want to buy, and the platform is set for the product advertisements. It also permits negotiations,
order for raw materials, settlement of financial transactions etc.
Electronic commerce is a combination of Communication Services, Data Management and
Security Mechanism which provides a platform to organizations where they can store
information about selling of goods and services. The three elements are described as follow:
 Communication Services - Electronic transfer of information from buyer to seller is
supported by Communication Services.
 Data Management - it is exchange and storing of data in a constant format which enable
easy exchange of information.
 Data Management - it provides following functions:

a) Authenticate the source information and

b) Guarantees the integrity and privacy of information.

DIFFERENT ONLINE PAYMENT MODES

An e-payment system is a way of making transactions or paying for goods and services through
an electronic medium, without the use of checks or cash. It’s also called an electronic payment
system or online payment system.
The electronic payment system has grown increasingly over the last decades due to the growing
spread of internet-based banking and shopping. As the world advances more with technology
development, we can see the rise of electronic payment systems and payment processing devices.
As this increase, improve, and provide ever more secure online payment transactions the
percentage of check and cash transactions will decrease.
Credit Card -
The most popular form of payment for e-commerce transactions is through credit cards. It is
simple to use; the customer has to just enter their credit card number and date of expiry in the
appropriate area on the seller’s web page. To improve the security system, increased security
measures, such as the use of a card verification number (CVN), have been introduced to on-line
credit card payments. The CVN system helps detect fraud by comparing the CVN number with
the cardholder's information.

Debit Card -
Debit cards are the second largest e-commerce payment medium in India. Customers who want
to spend online within their financial limits prefer to pay with their Debit cards. With the debit
card, the customer can only pay for purchased goods with the money that is already there in
his/her bank account as opposed to the credit card where the amounts that the buyer spends are
billed to him/her and payments are made at the end of the billing period.

Smart Card -
A smart card is a plastic card with an embedded microchip containing information about you. It
can store about 100 times the amount of information than a magnetic strip plastic card can store.
A smart card contains private user information, such as financial facts, private encryption keys,
account information, credit card numbers, health insurance information, etc.

E-Wallet -
E-Wallet is a prepaid account that allows the customer to store multiple credit cards, debit card
and bank account numbers in a secure environment. This eliminates the need to key in account
information every time while making payments. Once the customer has registered and created E-
Wallet profile, he/she can make payments faster.

Netbanking -
This is another popular way of making e-commerce payments. It is a simple way of paying for
online purchases directly from the customer’s bank. It uses a similar method to the debit card of
paying money that is already there in the customer’s bank. Net banking does not require the user
to have a card for payment purposes but the user needs to register with his/her bank for the net
banking facility. While completing the purchase the customer just needs to put in their net
banking id and pin.

Mobile Payment -
One of the latest ways of making online payments are through mobile phones. Instead of using a
credit card or cash, all the customer has to do is send a payment request to his/her service
provider via text message; the customer’s mobile account or credit card is charged for the
purchase. To set up the mobile payment system, the customer just has to download a software
from his/her service provider’s website and then link the credit card or mobile billing
information to the software.

Amazon Pay -
Another convenient, secure and quick way to pay for online purchases is through Amazon Pay.
Use your information which is already stored in your Amazon account credentials to log in and
pay at leading merchant websites and apps. Your payment information is safely stored with
Amazon and accessible on thousands of websites and apps where you love to shop.

If you are planning to sell your products online, Amazon would be happy to help you in setting
up payment gateways for your products and services. You can also consider selling on Amazon,
one of the most popular e-commerce platforms in the world. To sell on Amazon,
please register yourself for free.

BENEFITS OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS

1. Faster, easier, more convenient -
Perhaps, one of the biggest advantages of cashless payments is that it speeds up the payment
process and there is no need to fill in lengthy information. There is no need to stand in a line to
withdraw money from an ATM or carry cards in the wallet. Also, with the move to digital,
banking services will be available to customers on a 24/7 basis and on all days of a year,
including bank holidays. Many services like digital wallets, UPI, etc, work on this basis.
2. Economical and less transaction fee -
There are many payment apps and mobile wallets that do not charge any kind of service fee or
processing fee for the service provided. The UPI interface is one such example, where services
can be utilized by the customer free of cost. Various digital payments systems are bringing down
costs.
3. Waivers, discounts and cashbacks -
There are many rewards and discounts offered to customers using digital payment apps and
mobile wallets. There are attractive cash back offers given by many digital payment banks. This
comes as boon to customers and also acts a motivational factor to go cashless.

4. Digital record of transactions -

One of the other benefits of going digital is that all transaction records can be maintained.
Customers can track each and every transaction that is made, no matter how small the transaction
amount this.
5. One stop solution for paying bills -
Many digital wallets and payment apps have become a convenient platform for paying utility
bills. Be it mobile phone bills, internet or electricity bills, all such utility bills can be paid
through a single app without any hassle.
6. Helps keep black money under control -
Digital transactions will help the government keep a track of things and it will help eliminate the
circulation of black money and counterfeit notes in the long run. Apart from this, this may also
give a boost to the economy as the cost of minting currency also goes down.

Digital payments are slowly gaining popularity in India and there are many apps that are being
launched in this sector. It has become a hassle-free and secure way to make payments.

DRAWBACKS OF DIGITAL PAYMENTS

1. E-commerce fraud is growing at 30% per year. If you follow the security rules, there
shouldn’t be such problems, but when a merchant chooses a payment system which is not
highly secure, there is a risk of sensitive data breach which may cause identity theft.

2. The lack of anonymity - For most, it’s not a problem at all, but you need to remember that
some of your personal data is stored in the database of the payment system.

3. The need for internet access - As you may guess, if the internet connection fails, it’s
impossible to complete a transaction, get to your online account, etc.

E-commerce, as well as m-commerce, is getting bigger year after year. Still, one of the most
popular payment methods are credit and debit card payments, but people also choose some
alternatives or local payment methods. If you run an online business, find out what your target
audience needs and provide the most convenient and relevant e-payment system.
NEEDS OF E-COMMERCE

For consistently increasing the graph of business to new heights it must possess two things, first
- reaching new customers with steadily rate and second - effectively communicate, interact with
the existing ones.

And if you are running an offline business then surely you already aware of these two
requirements that company growth is not accomplished easily without winning the hearts of both
new as well as existing customers.  In accordance with that if you create an online retail store of
your offline business you can win both hearts and minds of your customers at the same time,
which is the ultimate pathway to profits.

As we already know that today’s world wide web is no longer just limited to finding information,
sending mails or connecting with people but it is expanding their reach by offering services and
products at customer’s doorsteps. In such a scenario where more and more buyers prefer making
most of their purchases online, an ecommerce website of your business is the need of the hour.
Thus if you want to hit the bottom lines of your business you must get in on the action.

1. 80% of Web Population Has Made a Purchase Online -

“You can’t wait for customers to come to you. You have to figure out where they are, go there
and drag them back to your store.”- Paul Graham, Y COMBINATOR
People are going online; they are leaving the traditional way of shopping from bricks and mortar
store and started purchasing online. Hence in order to sell your products and to earn great
revenue, you can’t wait for them to come at your store. You have to do what your competitors
are already doing by allowing your customers to purchase your offered products and services
when and where they want.

2. Wider Audience Reach -

E-commerce website allows your business to sell you’re offered products and services to your
online customers all over the world.  These websites break the barrier of geographical location of
business and offers you a vast spectrum of audience and hence possibility of better overall sales.

3. Purchase Decisions Are Influenced By E-Commerce -

When customers prepare their mind to purchase something, they start by searching it on internet.
And as you already know that your website is your online showroom, where your customers can
easily check out your offered products and examine all the reasons that it is right for them. Now
imagine that if you had an e-commerce website then the same product was just a few clicks away
from being theirs and you’ll get money for it without physically opening or going to your store. 
A well managed, eye-catchy e-commerce website can influence your customers purchase
decisions, by showcasing your products and offered services at your best you can get great
revenues.

4. E-commerce Provides Convenience -

Interested customers can browse your entire product gallery just by lying on bed watching
movie. You can also sell them recommending products that relate to the ones they are browsing.
An Ecommerce site saves customers’ time makes prize comparisons easy, offers a wide variety
of items to purchase and also vanish the headache of fighting through crowded stores. This
facility which is combined with a quick payment, checkout, order tracking and quick shipping
process wins the heart of customers.

5. Search Engines Help You to Gain New Customers -

One of the main factors in the success of one’s business is location. An  E-Commerce website
offers you prime locations with less trafficked areas. With search engines, you can forget the
stress of your business location which is affecting your sales and revenue directly, because here
your skills to rank in searches engines determine how noticeable your business is. Potential
customers, who haven’t driven past your stores or heard about you from someone else, have the
ability to find you online. Everyday someone is searching for something relevant to your stores
products and E-Commerce site gives you the ability to get found by and sell your products to
them directly through the web.

6. Store Promotions Becomes Easy with E-commerce -

On big festive days or on some special occasions every store has certain promotions to do and
they hunt for ways to spread their hottest deals, offers to everyone. In that case your ecommerce
site will act for you as your free promotional partner to market your special deals. These online
promotions will help your business flourish both for short term with big sales margins and for
long term as you encounter new customer sign-ups giving you the chance to approach these
potential customers later for new deals.

7. E-commerce can expand your Brand Name -

Initially when today’s big names of the ecommerce market such as Flipkart, Myntra, Amazon,
Snapdeal, Paytm, Jabong, ShopClues , EBay etc was started they were just viewed as a
normal super stores selling their products online rather than a serious online store. At that time
nobody would have even thought that the buying and selling online will become so easy and
trend in the World.  After their huge sales, these sites along with the product they sell become the
brand itself.

8. The Ability to Earn on Holidays As Well -

With your 24*7 running ecommerce website, you’ll give your potential customers the
opportunity to purchase from you not just during regular hours but throughout the day and even
night. Whether it is Sunday or a National holiday, your e-store is always open for your
customers. This will help you to increase your customers and make more sales.

9. Boost Conversion Rates -

“Profit in business comes from repeat customers, customers that boast about your project or
service, and that bring friends with them.”- W. Edwards Deming
No matter how popular your brand is, if your conversion rate is low, then profits will be low.
Having an ecommerce website helps you to increase your conversion rate since people get a
chance to immediately buy from you rather than wait to visit the store.
10. Easier to set up -
An e-commerce platform is definitely much easier to set up and run than an actual physical store.
There are many good website development and management platforms which can easily do this
task for you at reasonable rates. It is not just easier but also a lot cheaper.

11. E-Business helps in Customer satisfaction -

E-business allows business organizations to have intimate relationship with customers. And
customers can choose and order products according to their specifications. E-business enables a
business organization to keep the doors open for business, whenever a customer requires it.

E-business allows customers to perform online shopping. The convenience, flexibility and

speedy flow of information help the business organizations to provide improved customer
service. Advertisements placed on internet attract customers from domestic and global market.

The gains obtained in e-business are passed on to customers through lower prices or as additional
features of products or services, this provides customer satisfaction. Up-to-date information
available on an organization’s website provides more information to customer, thus educating
them better.

12. E-Business helps to acquire Just-In-Time Information -

E-business enables business organizations to have direct links with suppliers, distributors and
customers through improved information systems and the speedy flow of communication paves
way for quick processing of orders. E-business helps to deliver just in time information and
removes communication barriers between employees, customers, suppliers and business
associates.

The cost incurred on communication in e-business environment is low and allows instantaneous
communication between anyone from anywhere from the world. E-business enables instant flow
of communication regarding goods, services, transmission of orders and the status of delivery.
DIGITAL LIBRARY
A digital library, digital repository, or digital collection, is an online database of digital objects
that can include text, still images, audio, video, or other digital media formats. Objects can
consist of digitized content like print or photographs, as well as originally produced
digital content like word processor files or social media posts. In addition to storing content,
digital libraries provide means for organizing, searching, and retrieving the content contained in
the collection.
Digital libraries can vary immensely in size and scope, and can be maintained by individuals or
organizations.  The digital content may be stored locally, or accessed remotely via computer
networks. These information retrieval systems are able to exchange information with each other
through interoperability and sustainability.

Features Of Digital Libraries -

The advantages of digital libraries as a means of easily and rapidly accessing books, archives and
images of various types are now widely recognized by commercial interests and public bodies
alike.

 No physical boundary - The user of a digital library need not to go to the library
physically; people from all over the world can gain access to the same information, as
long as an Internet connection is available.
  Round the clock availability - A major advantage of digital libraries is that people can
gain access 24/7 to the information.
 Multiple Access - The same resources can be used simultaneously by a number of
institutions and patrons. This may not be the case for copyrighted material: a library may
have a license for "lending out" only one copy at a time; this is achieved with a system
of digital rights management where a resource can become inaccessible after expiration
of the lending period or after the lender chooses to make it inaccessible (equivalent to
returning the resource).
 Information retrieval - The user is able to use any search term (word, phrase, title,
name, and subject) to search the entire collection. Digital libraries can provide very user-
friendly interfaces, giving click able access to its resources.
 Preservation and conservation - Digitization is not a long-term preservation solution
for physical collections, but does succeed in providing access copies for materials that
would otherwise fall to degradation from repeated use. Digitized collections and born-
digital objects pose many preservation and conservation concerns that analog materials
do not. Please see the following "Problems" section of this page for examples.
 Space - Whereas traditional libraries are limited by storage space, digital libraries have
the potential to store much more information; simply because digital information requires
very little physical space to contain them and media storage technologies are more
affordable than ever before.
 Added value - Certain characteristics of objects, primarily the quality of images, may be
improved. Digitization can enhance legibility and remove visible flaws such as stains and
discoloration.
 Easily accessible - The data and information in digital form can be easily accessible.
They also increase availability to individuals who may not be traditional patrons of a
library, due to geographic location or organizational affiliation.
 Low cost - As such, the cost of maintaining a digital library can be much lower than that
of a traditional library. A physical library must spend large sums of money paying for
staff, book maintenance, rent, and additional books. Digital libraries may reduce or, in
some instances, do away with these fees.

Both types of library require cataloging input to allow users to locate and retrieve material.
Digital libraries may be more willing to adopt innovations in technology providing users with
improvements in electronic and audio book technology as well as presenting new forms of
communication such as wikis and blogs; conventional libraries may consider that providing
online access to their OP AC catalog is sufficient. An important advantage to digital conversion
is increased accessibility to users.
M-COMMERCE
The phrase mobile commerce was originally coined in 1997 by Kevin Duffey at the launch of the
Global Mobile Commerce Forum, to mean "the delivery of electronic commerce capabilities
directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via wireless technology." Many choose to think of
Mobile Commerce as meaning "a retail outlet in your customer’s pocket."
Mobile commerce is worth US$230 billion, with Asia representing almost half of the
market, and has been forecast to reach US$700 billion in 2017.

M-Commerce also called as Mobile Commerce involves the online transactions through the

wireless handheld devices such as Mobile Phone, Laptop, Palmtop, Tablet, or any other personal
digital assistant. In other words, Mcommerce is the ability to conduct commerce using a mobile
device such as:
1. Mobile Phone
2. Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)
3. Smart Phone

It does not require the user to sit at the computer that is plugged in and perform the commercial
transactions. Through M-Commerce, people can perform several functions such as pay bills, buy
and sell goods and services, access emails, book movie tickets, make railway reservations, order
books, read and watch the news, etc.

However, while mobile commerce can help you increase sales, it can also serve as a customer
retention strategy and will, of course, increase your customer’s lifetime value and profitability.

According to a research by Bain & Company, along with Earl Sasser of the Harvard Business
School, “A 5% increase in customer retention can lead to a 95% increase in profitability”.
M-COMMERCE FRAMEWORK/INFRASTRUCTURE

For a proper and well-functioning M-commerce application, m-commerce should have a proper
infrastructure. This infrastructure should be compatible to the newly developed applications as
well as to the most general user level devices. Also the interface between the user and the service
provider must be easily accessible and secured.
A layered infrastructure of Mobile commerce framework is shown in figure below. This defines
multiple functional layers with respect to the user, service providers and vendors.

Different Levels of M-Commerce Framework-

1) M-commerce Applications: M-commerce Applications are the most important part of the
framework. For proper functioning, various applications are to be developed for mobile and
handheld devices. And also time to time individual store and shopping applications are
developed.
2) Wireless user infrastructure: This refers to the various high speed communication and
network technologies that provide expanding network technology to mobile users anywhere at
any time. The network service providers are trying to provide faster and quicker communication
to user with newly developed technologies.
3) Mobile middleware: Mobile middleware is very significant component of the m-commerce
framework. It hides the working complexities in m-commerce framework. There is variety of
accessing equipments available like Small cellular phones, Smart phones, Tablets, Laptops,
Palmtops etc. these are available with middleware such as high internal memory, processing
memory and high frequency.
4) Wireless network infrastructure: A proper network infrastructure is required for m-
commerce application. The user can get good services and products by a good network
infrastructure. The present cellular systems are to be developed with not only voice and
messaging system but also with great internet connectivity systems.

SCOPE OF M-COMMERCE IN INDIA

India has become the second largest market for smart phones replacing US. Indian customers
have welcomed mobile commerce with open hands; with nearly 83% of the populations own a
Smartphone and shop online using their smart devices. To be specific, customers in the age
group of 25-34 use their smart phones/ tablets to shop online. These are some of the results that
emerged from the “State of M-Commerce 2016” survey conducted.  The current online shoppers
in India fall under the range of 80-100 million, and these numbers are expected to go up to 175-
220 million by 2020.
Hence, M-commerce remains to be an area, yet to be explored. There are lots of technology
firms helping their customers to gear-up for the upcoming change in the way of doing business
online
ADVANTAGES OF M-COMMERCE

1) Through M-commerce, the companies can be in regular touch with the users through the
Push Notifications. Any discount, scheme, pay back benefits can be communicated to the
customers through a message to their mobile phones.
E.g. Shoppers Stop always sends a message to its members about the Season Sale.

2) M-Commerce enables local business to grow by tracking the location of the potential

customer and sharing the information on their mobile phones.
E.g. The educational institutes track down the local students and give information about the
courses offered by them.

3) With the help of M-commerce, the users can pay their mobile bills, electricity bills, without
standing in the long queues.
E.g. Mobile applications such as Paytm, Freecharge are the online payment platforms.

4) M-commerce enables the customers to book movie tickets, railway tickets, air tickets, and
event tickets thereby saving a lot of time.
E.g. Book My Show, IRCTC Mobile Application offers the online reservation services.

5) Through M-Commerce, customers can easily access the complete information about the

product or service provider before availing its services.
E.g. Any new restaurant is opened in the city; one can access about it in detail through
mobile.

6) M-Commerce helps the marketer to have a wider reach of potential customers than he can
have by visiting all personally.
E.g. Text can be sent to the mobile phones of many potential customers residing in different
parts of the country Make My trip is the best example.

7) The technology behind the M-commerce is WAP i.e. Wireless Application Protocol that
enabled users to make use of the internet anytime and anywhere.

DISADVANTAGES OF M-COMMERCE

1) The Screen of mobile phones is generally small as compared to the computer screen and,

therefore, the display of cellular gadgets may not influence the user to make the purchase.
E.g. Through Flipkart Mobile Application a customer can see several products, but the user may
not decide on the purchase because of the smaller image of the product and rather rely on E-
commerce i.e. computers for the better view to make a purchase decision.

2) M-Commerce software is costly as compared to the E-commerce, many retailers may not go

for it, and hence the mobile users may have fewer options.

3) Poor connectivity also hampers the M-commerce to flourish. Sometimes the data is too slow
to access the websites through mobile applications.
4) M-commerce, being the latest technology is struggling with its applications in terms of its
graphics and the content those results in more reliance on the E-commerce applications.

5) Information shared through the wireless medium have higher chances of getting hacked.
Therefore, people use more of E-commerce applications to perform the money transactions.

MOBILE COMMERCE TRENDS

Today, the number of B2B and B2C buyers who research and buy products via mobile and tablet
devices is rapidly increasing and becoming the norm. Here are three global mobile commerce
trends which are expected in 2015:

 Mobile app revolution -
"Apps are increasingly becoming experiences that live across multiple endpoints - from
wearables to phones, tablets, and web applications." As this trend proceeds in 2015,
offerings that can seamlessly transfer between these states as customers move from one
device to the next will have a huge advantage. Many of today's small businesses are eager
to build their own branded mobile apps. Thank to mobile app's outstanding features
which are different from responsive website and mobile site, now retailers can drive
customer engagement and sales.

 The Smartphone Credit Card -

Mobile payments will move toward an international level of functionality. Just as the
magnetic strip revolutionized payment by plastic credit card, NFC and other fast-evolving
technologies will facilitate the move to payment using mobile technologies in 2015.

NFC chips inside most new smartphones transmit customer payment and banking data
when scanned on a reader. Unlike a credit card, smartphones can include interactive
payment processing and other financial services which PayPal president, David Marcus,
calls Money 3.0. NFC chips could be placed inside wearable smart technology — also
coming of age in 2015. However, tapping a device may not be significantly more
convenient than swiping a card.

 Mobile Marketing Will Become More Personal -

Mobile marketing will move from broadcasting for a large mobile user audience to a
targeted approach of interested mobile users. Big data will drive it both online and
offline, while targeted marketing will have huge benefits for local businesses. Traditional
mobile marketing made it difficult for businesses to reach their desired ROI, but things
will change with targeted mobile marketing as they are able to cut through all the
background noise. Overall, they will attract new and repeat customers to their stores.

Conclusion - M-commerce lets the user do a transaction including buying and selling of goods,
availing services through online providers, transferring rights, transacting money. The ubiquity
of mobile devices makes them omnipresent and omnipotent, they remain with you wherever you
go, help you navigate a nearby restaurant or a hospital, connect with family and friends, pay for
items at a store, or hail a cab etc.  In the upcoming year, M-commerce will become the preferred
way doing for digital transactions surpassing E-commerce.

ONLINE MARKETING
Online marketing is a set of tools and methodologies used for promoting products and services
through the internet. Online marketing includes a wider range of marketing elements than
traditional business marketing due to the extra channels and marketing mechanisms available on
the internet.
Online marketing can deliver benefits such as:

 Growth in potential
 Reduced expenses
 Elegant communications
 Better control
 Improved customer service
 Competitive advantage

Online marketing is also known as internet marketing, web marketing, digital marketing and
search engine marketing (SEM).
Specialized Areas of Internet Marketing
Internet marketing can also be broken down into more specialized areas such as Web
marketing, email marketing and social media marketing:

 Web marketing includes e-commerce Web sites, affiliate marketing Web sites,

promotional or informative Web sites, online advertising on search engines,
and organic search engine results via search engine optimization (SEO).
 Email marketing involves both advertising and promotional marketing efforts via e-mail
messages to current and prospective customers.
 Social media marketing involves both advertising and marketing (including viral
marketing) efforts via social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Digg.
 Search engine optimization (SEO) involves the optimization of landing pages within
your website to increase the number of visitors.

Advantages of Online Marketing

1. Lower Cost
2. Global Audience

3. Reliable Technology

4. Convenience and Quick Service

5. Measure & Track Results

6. 24/7 Marketing

7. Faster Response to both Marketers & the End User

Disadvantages of Online Marketing

1. Face to Face contact is limited

2. Marketing complexity

3. Security & Privacy Issues

4. Dependability on Technology

5. Higher Transparency of Pricing & Increased Price Competition

6. World Wide Competition through Globalization

E-COMMERCE MODELS
Typically, E-Commerce business models can be divided into six major types, such as:

 Business-to-Business (B2B)
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
 Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
 Consumer-to-Business (C2B)
 Business-to-Employee (B2E)
 Business-to-Government (B2G)
The description of all these are given as follow:

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce refers to the electronic exchange of products, services

or information between businesses rather than between businesses and consumers. Examples
include online directories and product and supply exchange websites that allow businesses to
search for products, services and information and to initiate transactions through e-procurement
interfaces. In 2017, Forrester Research predicted that the B2B e-commerce market will top $1.1
trillion in the U.S. by 2021, accounting for 13% of all B2B sales in the nation.

Procedure to Register On A B2B Site:

Step1. Go to the URL of that particular site, like www.amazon.in and click on the button “Create
a Free Business Account”.

Step2. Now it will ask you for filling the information for creating an account. Like Email Id,
Setting Password and Business Related Information which includes Business Type, Industry etc.
Step3. After providing all the necessary information the system will ask for confirming the
correctness of information and continue for the further formalities.
Step4. Now the system will internally make processing and took a while for updating the given
information and gives the final confirmation for successful account creation. Now user can log in
on Amazon site and do transactions as per requirement.

Business-to-consumer (B2C) is the retail part of e-commerce on the internet. It is when

businesses sell products, services or information directly to consumers. The term was popular
during the dot-com boom of the late 1990s, when online retailers and sellers of goods were a
novelty. Today, there are innumerable virtual stores and malls on the internet selling all types of
consumer goods. The most recognized example of these sites is Amazon, which dominates
the B2C market.
Procedure to Register On A B2C Site:

Step1. Go to the URL of that particular site, like www.flipkart.com and click on the button “Sign
Up”.

Step2. As the user click on the button Sign Up, the system will ask you for the Mobile number
so that the OTP (one time password) will be sent on the user mobile for authentication purpose.

Step3. The user will receive an OTP on mobile and user has to fill that OTP to go to the further
formalities and now the system will highlight the column to set a password by the user. As the
user will set the password, user will get registered on the site.
Step4. At this step the user have become registered on the side and can perform actions as per
the desires. The user can manage its account from the option given on the right side. He can
place the order, check the order status and update personal information etc.
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) is a type of e-commerce in which consumer’s trade products,
services and information with each other online. These transactions are generally conducted
through a third party that provides an online platform on which the transactions are carried out.
Online auctions and classified advertisements are two examples of C2C platforms, with eBay
and Craigslist being two of the most popular of these platforms. Because eBay is a business, this
form of e-commerce could also be called C2B2C -- consumer-to-business-to-consumer.

Procedure to Register On A C2C Site:

Step1. At first, the user types the URL, www.olx.in on the search engine and click on My
Account option to get registered on the site and then a new window will get open and demand for
the Email Id and Password to register you. After filling the Email Id and Password click on
Register button given on the right side.
Step2. After clicking on the registered button, the user will receive a mail in its mail box for
confirmation. As the user click on the link for Activating Account given in the mail, user will get
registed on the site.
Step3. After confirming the mailed Authetication, the user will get registerd and can see its name
mention on the top right side of the window. Now user can buy anything and even sell anything.

If user wants to sell any product then he can sell by clicking on the “Submit a Free Ad option”
and require to fill some of the mandatory information.
User can also purchase anything by watching the ads shown on the site.
Consumer-to-business (C2B) is a type of e-commerce in which consumers make their products
and services available online for companies to bid on and purchase. This is the opposite of the
traditional commerce model of B2C. A popular example of a C2B platform is a market that sells
royalty-free photographs, images, media and design elements, such as iStock. Another example
would be a job board.

Procedure to Register On A C2B Site:

Step1. At first, the user types the URL www.shutterstock.com and click on the Sign up button on
the top right corner.

Step2. Add the necessary details like Name, Email Id and Password etc. and then click on the
Next button.
Step3. Now system will send an Email on your registered mail and ask for Authentication. After
the verification has been done, click on the Next button.
Step4. Now the system will ask for the address details. As the user fill the details then click on
the Next button.
Step5. Now the user has registered on the site and can upload the images. But first of all user has
to upload any Govt. Authorized Identification Proof for starting earnings. After uploading user
requires to click on the continue button.

Step6. Now all the authentication process has completed and now user is require to upload
images captured by the user itself.
Business-to-Government (B2G) model is business model that facilitates transactions between
government and business over the electronic network.

There are many activities which are done by businesses over the Internet like filing tax returns,
public procurement, apply and issue commercial licenses and many other government related
activities. For Exp, Classic Shoes Ltd files the annual tax return over the Internet to the Income
Tax Department. This forms the B2G model. We are showing the example of Tax Return filing.

Procedure to Register On A B2G Site:

Step1. At first, type the URL on the search engine and click on the “Register Yourself” button
shown in next screenshot.
Step2. Select user type and click on continue button and as you click on the continue button
system will ask for the personal information, Email Id, Password, Contact details and address etc
and click on the Submit button.
Step3. Then system will show a Thank you message and system will send a password on the
registered mobile no. and a link to activate your account on your Email address. Now user will
click on the received link on the email to activate an account.
Step4. As you click on the Email link the system will lead you to the income tax return site and
ask for mobile pin and click on the Submit button.
Step5. After clicking on the Submit button, a message for the Successful activation will received
and now the user account will become activated and if user wants to login then user can login by
clicking on the below link by clicking on the User id and password.
PROCEDURE FOR ONLINE FLIGHT TICKET BOOKING THROUGH
“IRCTC” WEBSITE
Step1: To book the online flight ticket user opens the “IRCTC” website. By default “Home”
page will open and from the Home page click on “Flight Tickets Icon”.

Step2: Click on “sign in” option shown on the right side of the window.

Step3: As you click on the Sign in button the below shown popup box will appear. If user has
already an account then user will click on “Sign into IRCTC” and fill the shown blank columns
and if the user doesn’t have any earlier account then user can sign in through “sign as a guest
user”.
Step4: After sign in, a new window will appear and it will ask you for the flight booking details.
Here user requires filling all the mandatory information like: one way/round trip, where, when,
etc. after filling the details the user will click on the “Search” Icon.

Step5: After clicking the search Icon, the system will make processing and find the suitable
flights options for the passenger.
Step6: Once the system will get complete with its processing, it will show you various flights
with different price, departure time, duration and stoppages etc. if user wants to get the details of
any flight, then he/she can click in the details option given below the book option.
Step7: After getting the details and choosing the suitable flight, the user requires clicking on the
book option. As the user will click on the book option a new window will open which will show
the details regarding flight base fare, taxes, additional charges etc.

Step8: After varifing and analyzing the details click on the terms and conditions check box and
after clicking on the check box a small pop up window will appear and from pop up bok click on
OK button.
Step9: After clicking on the pop up OK button, system will show the tick on the term and
conditions check box. And then click on the Continue button.

Step10: In this step, the system will ask for the Traveler’s details. And the passenger fills the
details in the blank columns like first name, middle or last name etc.
Step11: Here user clicks on the check box at the end of the window. And passenger will click on
the “Make Payment” button.

Step12: Now the system will directs the passenger to the Make Payment window. This window
will show various options for making payments. User can choose the option which the passenger
finds fit like Credit card, Debit card and Netbanking.
Step13: Now the passenger will asked to fill necessary details to make payment and then click
on the make payment option at the end.
Step14: After entering the credit card details an OTP will receive on the registered mobile
number. Then enter that OTP to complete the payment processing and click on submit Button.
Step15: Now the system will finalize the transaction and take a while for this.

Step16: Now the system will show the confirmation of booking for the passanger. Here booking
has done completely. And user will also get confirmation on Email and mobile also.