HEADACHE

Putu Anggia Dimitri Pramesti

1770121078
SGD 3

Block 4.1 Neurology

Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter
Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Warmadewa
2020
 Journal Reading
Article Title : Headache
Article Type : Review Article
Author : Paul Rizzoli, William J. Mullally
Published Year : 2017
Journal : The American Journal of Medicine
Article Contents
• Introduction

• Epidemiology

• Classification

• Evaluation

• Treatment
 Introduction

• Headache is a universal human experience

• Ancient references dates back to 1200 BC

• Direct and indirect socioeconomic costs of headache

to society are estimated at 14 billion/year
 Epidemiology

• Tension type headache global prevalence : 40%

• Migraine global prevalence : 10%

• Cluster headache global prevalence : 0.1%

• Migraine is 3 times more common in females

 Classification
Primary Headache Secondary Headache
No known underlying cause Result of another condition,
including psychiatric disease,
Ex. Migraine, Tension type infections, vascular disease
Headache and trauma
Ex. Sinus Infection,
Medication Overuse Headache
 International Classification of Headache
Disorders (ICHD)
Migraine Tension type Headache
Unilateral (approximately Dull, bilateral, mild-moderate
60%), moderate to severe intensity
intensity
Types : Types :
• With aura • Infrequent episodic
• Without aura • Frequent episodic
• Chronic • Chronic
 Evaluation
Patients History
• Frequency, duration,
character, severity, location,
quality and triggering,
aggravating and alleviating
features
• Family history
• Lifestyle features
• Comorbid conditions
Patients Examination
• General neurological
examination
• Further examination might
be needed in presence of
red flags
 Treatment
Primary Headache Secondary Headache
Migraine : Treatment of underlying
NSAID, analgesics, anti- conditions
emetics, selective 5 HT1B/D
serotonin agonists, the
triptans, intravenous/intranasal
dihydroergotamine
Tension type Headache :
Muscle relaxants, tricyclic
antidepressants (prevention)
 Conclusion
• Early and accurate diagnosis and appropriate
treatment is crucial

• Flexible system of categorization of the various

headaches allows for proper management
References
Rizzoli P, Mullally WJ. 2020.
Headache. The American
Journal of Medicine. Viewed
7 September 2020, from:
https://www.sciencedirect.co
m/science/article/abs/pii/S000
2934317309324
THANK YOU