Professional Documents
Culture Documents
02 07 Inventory
02 07 Inventory
($ in Thousands)
Concept: Now, we have an even better idea for a "business expansion" opportunity…
Instead of just selling online courses and coaching, we'll expand and also offer physical versions of all the courses!
Problem: to do this, we'll need to order the supplies for the physical versions of these courses.
Yes, we're going to build them, package them, and ship them in-house.
So now we run another problem with cash flows going "out of sync" with revenue and expenses.
Problem: We need to pay for all those supplies upfront, in cash… or at least pay something upfront in cash
since it's a new product line and the supplier doesn't quite trust us yet.
BUT we can't record that as an Income Statement expense right away because we haven't sold the products yet.
Can only record it as an expense when the products are actually sold… in which case, we then list what we paid
for these supplies under "Cost of Goods Sold" or "Cost of Revenue".
Question: How does this affect the cash generated from this business? How does Net Income differ from cash generated n
If we're paying cash upfront for these supplies but we can't recognize those payments as expenses yet, we get an account
that we also have to track over time.
If this "Inventory" goes UP, our cash goes DOWN because we're paying out cash upfront! It's just that we can't exactly reco
it as an expense on the Income Statement yet… but the cash in our bank account is going down.
So if this keeps going up and up over time, cash generated will be *lower* than Net Income on the IS…
On the other hand, if we HAVE an Inventory balance and then we stop buying Inventory and wait to recognize the expense
the balance falls and cash generated will be MORE than Net Income…
Because we've *already* paid for it in cash… so those expenses we just recognized are not real cash expenses in this perio
Let's say we order Inventory, but it takes us 3 months to finish turning all of it into finished products and actually sell it to c
Inventory Paid for Upfront: Paying for Supplies Gradually Over Time:
Supplies Paid for Upfront in Cash: $ 30 <--- This represents our "Inventory Purchases" - w
Subscription Revenue Paid Upfront in Cash: $ 15 haven't turned them into finished products and so
Operating Expenses Paid in Cash Later On: $ 15 hanging around at the end of the year, and we ca
Prepaid Operating Expenses: $ 30
Revenue NOT Received in Cash Upfront: $ 50
In a very simple business, Net Income really DOES mean "How much cash did this business generate in this period?"…
But now you've seen all the ways in which that falls apart:
1) Customers not paying upfront.
Our idea to allow installment payments for the products…
5) Company paying for supplies upfront and recognizing the expense later.
Deciding to offer physical versions of the products that you receive in the mail.
Over time, all of these issues create long-term differences between Net Income and cash generated.
As a result, once the business grows beyond a certain complexity level you need to track all of these changes.
And then you track the adjustments to Net Income on the Cash Flow Statement.
ions of all the courses!
upfront in cash
e on the IS…
ory" balance goes up each time the company Therefore, we need to adjust down to reflect how much cash we
pplies / parts / components upfront in cash, but can't actually generated in this period.
ze it as an expense on the Income Statement.
If Inventory decreases, it would be the opposite scenario - cash would
when the company recognizes those expenses. increase and the Net Change in Cash would be greater than Net Income
(assuming no other changes, i.e. AR, PE, AP, and DR did not change either).
ncreasing and decreasing, but there will always be
ce if the business continues to operate. The Year 2
nce represents what the company will recognize as
OGS) in the first few months of the next year.