- UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION NET BUREAU Code No : 80 Subject : GEOGRAPHY SYALLABUS AND SAMPLE QUESTIONS Note ‘There will be two question. papers, Paper-II and.Paper-Ill (Part-A & B). Paper-II will cover 50 Objective Type Questions (Multiple choice, Matching type, True/False, Assertion-Reasoning type) carrying 100 marks. Paper-III will have two Parts-A and B; Paper-III(A) will have 10 short essay type questions (300 words) carrying 16 marks each. In it there will be one question with internal choice from each unit (i-e., 10 questions from 10 units; Total marks will be 160). Paper-III(B) will be compulsory and question will’ be set from Unit-I to Unit-X. The candidate will attempt one question from Part-B (800 words) carrying 40 marks. Total marks of Paper-III will be 200. PAPER-II 1. Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces: Denudation and weathering; Geosynclines, continental drift and plate tectonics; Concept of geomorphic cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial. arid, coastal and karst cycles. 2. Climatology : Compbsition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat, budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon and jet stream; Tropical and temperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite's schemes. 3, Oceanography : Ocean deposits; Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the ocearis; Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents. Bio-Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Problems of pollution. 4. Geographic Thought : General character of Geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period: Foundations of Modern Geography; Determinism and Possibilism; Areal differentiation and. spatial organisation. 5. Population Geography : Patterns of world distribution;.Growth and density of population; Patterns and processes of migratian; Demographic transition. Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size , spacing and internal morphology ofrural and urban settlements; City-region; Primate city; Rank-size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller's Central Place theory; August Lésch's theory of market centres. 8010. 80 Economie Geography : Sectors of economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources: renewable and non-renewable. Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combination and diversification; Von Thunen's Model . Classification of industries : Weber's and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries. Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and_ connectivity. Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers; Nature of administrative areas and Geography of public policy and finance. Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect; language, caste and religion; Concept of social well-being. Cultural Geography : Culture-areas and cultural regions; Human races; Habitat; Economy and Society of tribal groups. Regional Planning : Regional concept in Geography; Concept of planning regions: ‘Types of regions; Methods of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development; Regional imbalances; Evolution, nature and scope of own planning with special reference to India, and Fundamentals of Town and Country planning. Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : Its regional variations: Vegetation types and vegetation regions: Major soil types; Irrigation and agriculture; Population distribution and growth ; Settlement patterns ; Mineral and power resources; major industries and industrial regions. Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of. distribution; ‘Choropleth; Isopleth and. Chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location-specific data; Accessibility and flow maps. Remote sensing and Computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS) . Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulative frequency : Measures of central tendency ; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz Curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple and Multiple correlation: Regression. Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score: Sampling techniques for Geographical analysis.PAPER-II (Part A & 5) { CORE and ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL} Unit—1 Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts ; Factors controlling landform development; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation process: weathering and erosion, Geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift and plate tectontes; Concept of Geomorphie Cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles, Slope forms and processes; Environmental and Applied Geomorphology. Unit—O Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Insolation ; Heat budget of the earth; Distribution of temperature, atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoons and jet streams ; Stability and instability of the atmosphere; Air-masses; Fronts, temperate and tropical cyclones ; Types and distribution of precipitation; Classification of world climates ; Koppen's and ‘Thornthwaite's schemes; Hydrological Cycle; Global warming. Unit—Ir ‘Oceanography : Origin of ocean basins; Bottom relief of Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; Ocean deposits: Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the Oceans; Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents; Sea-level changes. ¥ Bio-Geography : ‘Physical factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions of ecosystem : Forest, grassland, marine and mountain ecosystein; Bio-diversity and its depletion through natural and man induced causes; Conservation and management of ecosystems; Environmental hazards and problems of pollution; Ozone depletion. ‘Unit—IV History of Geographic Thought : General character of Geographic knowledge during the ancient and medieval period; Foundations of Modern Geography : ‘Contribution of German, French, British and American schools; Conceptual and methodological developments during the 20th century; Changing paradigms; Man and Environment, determinism and possibilism, areal differentiation and spatial organisation; Quantitative revolution; Impact of positivism, humanism, radicalism and behaviouralism in Geography. Unit—V 80 Population Geography : Nature , scope, subject matter and recent trends; Patterns of world distribution, growth and density of population; Policy issues; Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition; Population-resource regions. ‘Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology ofrural and urban settlements; Ecological processes of urban growth; Urban fringe: City-region; Settlement systems; Primate city; Rank-Size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Losch's theory of market centres. 3Unit—V1 Economic Geography : Location of economic activities and spatial organization of economies; Classification of economies; Sectors of Economy: primary, secondary , tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources : Renewable and non-renewable; Conservation of resources. Agricultural Geography : Concept and techniques of delimitation of agricultural regions; Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency; Crop combinations and diversification; Von Thunen’s Model; Agricultural systems of the world. Industrial Geography : Classification of industries’: Weber's and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries. Geography of Transport and Trade : Models of transportation’ and transport cost; Accessibility and connectivity : Inter-regional and Intra-regional : Comparative cost advantages. \ Unit—vir Political Geography : Definition and scope of Political Geography ; Geopolitics: Global strategic views (Heartland and Rimland theories ); Concept of nation, state and Nation-State; Boundaries and frontiers; Politics of world resources: Geography and Federalism, Social Geography : Nature and scope of social geography ; Social structure and social processes; Elements of Social Geography—ethnicity , tribe, dialect, language, caste and religion; Concept of Social well-being. Cultural Geography : Nature and scope of Cultural Geography; Environment and culture; Concept of culture-areas and cultural regions; Theories of tribal groups: Dwelling places as cultural expressions. Unit--VEI Regional Planning : Regional concept in Geography; its application to planning: Concept of planning region; Regional lierarchy; Types of regions and methods of regional delineation; Conceptual and theoretical framework of regional planning; Regional planning in India: Concept of development; Indicators of development; Regional imbalances. Unit—1x Geography of India : Physiographic divisions; Climate : Its regional variations ; Vegetation types and vegetation regions; Major soil types ; Coastal and Marine resources; Water resources; Irrigation; Agriculture; Agroclimatic regions; Mineral and power resources; Major industries and industrial regions ; Population distribution and growth; Settlement patterns; Regional disparities in social and economic development.Unit—x why : Map as a tool in Geographical studies ; Types of maps. Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; Single purpose and composite maps; Choropleth, Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location specific data; Accessibility and flow maps. Remote sensing and computer application in mapping; Digital mapping;Geographic Information System(GIS) : Thematic maps. Statistical Methods : Data-sources and types of data;'Statistical diagrams; study of frequency distribution and, cumulative frequency; Measures of central tendency: Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple and multiple correlation; Regression. Measurement of spatial patterns of distribution; Nearest-neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques, rank score, weighted. score; Sampling techniques for geographical analysis.i 80 SAMPLE QUESTIONS PAPER—II Who, among the following, is associated with the concept of ‘spatial diffuston'? (A) Hartshorne (B) Hagerstrand (C) Humboldt (D) Harvey What is the thrust of the journal Antipode ? (A) Phystcal Geography (B) Quantitative Geography (C)_ Radical Geography (D) Behavioural Geography Who wrote the book Spatial Organisation ? (A) Abler (B) Johnson (C) Hoggett (D) Johnston PAPER—II (A) Identify Landforms associated with ‘Karst Topography’. Or Differentiate between Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces in Geomorphology. PAPER—III (B) Write an essay on ‘Environmental and Applied Geomorphology’. Or Which are the parameters used for forecasting Of Indian monsoons? 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