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Language has a heart ELINOR OCHS and BAMBI SCHIEFFELIN Abstract {the past several years, the soll seences have bean arteuating how ‘emotion inpacs cognition an soil action. Linguists have underestimated the extent to wich grammatial and dicourse strctaes serie affective fends A erossinguisic nays neater tht languages dedicate phonlo ‘lal, merpho-sytacle and dacourse features 0 inten and spec fatiudes, moods, feelings and dspostions. These fetres provide on “afective frame for propositions encoded. Suck frames cam be considered a Dar ofthe information expresed, affective conuménts onthe expressed Dbropotions they address. Tse comments interface with gesture Ces 0 Drovde merocwors with eriteal formation on wich to base subsequent Social ection, INTRODUCTION this paper, we presenta general framework for understanding at in Junguage. While the emphasis is on the grammatial and discourse ‘orginzation of exresedallet, our framework draws on hypotheses put {onward in theories of development and evolution. Our intention isto inicate process that motivate verbel communication of affect and relate these proceses to the pragmatics of affect across languages and speech commie, ‘We tne alc to be a broader term than emotion, to nce feelings, ‘moods, dispositions, and altitudes associated with persons andor sta: tion. Our particular concern is withthe conventional displaying of alt ‘through linguistic means. We are not concerned wih ister of speakers actual feling sates oF the extent to which their afective expression i sincere, Suc relations between inner sates and outward expresion are

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