Language has a heart
ELINOR OCHS and BAMBI SCHIEFFELIN
Abstract
{the past several years, the soll seences have bean arteuating how
‘emotion inpacs cognition an soil action. Linguists have underestimated
the extent to wich grammatial and dicourse strctaes serie affective
fends A erossinguisic nays neater tht languages dedicate phonlo
‘lal, merpho-sytacle and dacourse features 0 inten and spec
fatiudes, moods, feelings and dspostions. These fetres provide on
“afective frame for propositions encoded. Suck frames cam be considered a
Dar ofthe information expresed, affective conuménts onthe expressed
Dbropotions they address. Tse comments interface with gesture Ces 0
Drovde merocwors with eriteal formation on wich to base subsequent
Social ection,
INTRODUCTION
this paper, we presenta general framework for understanding at in
Junguage. While the emphasis is on the grammatial and discourse
‘orginzation of exresedallet, our framework draws on hypotheses put
{onward in theories of development and evolution. Our intention isto
inicate process that motivate verbel communication of affect and
relate these proceses to the pragmatics of affect across languages and
speech commie,
‘We tne alc to be a broader term than emotion, to nce feelings,
‘moods, dispositions, and altitudes associated with persons andor sta:
tion. Our particular concern is withthe conventional displaying of alt
‘through linguistic means. We are not concerned wih ister of speakers
actual feling sates oF the extent to which their afective expression i
sincere, Suc relations between inner sates and outward expresion are