Medical X-Ray Radiography System

Operation

4 Control Console

4.1 Console operation

4.1.1 Names of console keys

All controls and displays of the generator are arranged on the console, key on console
sounds for prompt and LED indicator works. Console panel is indicated in figure below:

iREEz |EN|ds F=
mBrr

Effi Effi E]E]ffiffi

ffi ffi ffi EL E ill ffi fi fi

rm(
flca:. tag. :ir. toe rndtoquDty mza]d erg ®ach€
cepc)Sln8.

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.=-+=.="i:a+'Jr==*::1=:.=.-LLof.?<=ir.

14. Poweron 1. Common radiography table 29. Shortcut up key

15. Poweroff selection 30. Shortcut DOWN key
16. kvdisplay screen 2. Chest unit selection 31. AEC 1 selection

17. mAdisplay screen 3. Tomography table selection 32. AEC 2 selection

18. s/mAs display screen 4. Gastrointestinal checking 33. AEC 3 selection
19. sindicator selection 34. Measuring mode selection
20. mAs indicator 5. Fluoroscopy selection 35. BodyAP selection
21. s/mAs fine tilming increase 6. Radiography selection 36. Body LAT selection
22. s/mAs gear increase 7. Bucky radiography selection 37. Storekey
23. s/mAs gear decrease 8. Small focus selection 38. Maintenance/Clear key
24. s/mAs fine turning decrease 9. Large focus selection 39. Exposure indicator
25. mAgear increase 10. Fat figure selection 40. Prep-
26. mAgear decrease 11. Normal figure selection 41. Exposure
27. kvgear increase 12. Thin figure selection

28. kv gear decrease 13. Children selection

Figur§ 6 Control Console

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 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

4.1.2 Power ON/OFF

The kv display screen start and recorded valiles when the "Power
ON" button is press. Start finished display windows; the screen
displays the last shutdown parameters after finished start-lip, which
indicates that generator power is turned on. Console, real-time
controller, interface circuit and a variety of devices are powered by
the generator are all turn on. Then the operations can be carried out
now.

When the "Power OFF" button is pressed the power supply of the
system can be turned off.

When the system is turned off, the power supply switch must be.

pulled down to be completely cut off the generator power.

The generator cabinet maybe still have a fatal high-pressure even the

power is turned off.

4.1.3 Inspection equipmentltubes /focuses selection

Common Radiography Table /Chest Unit/ Tomography table /Gastrointestinal checking

1. Inspection equipment selection

There are four inspection equipment selection buttons on the console:

Common Radiography Table selection button, Chest Unit selection
button, Tomography table selection button, Gastrointestinal checking
selection button. Only when the system equipped with the
corresponding eqiiipment can the buttons be selected. Indicator light
will always prompt the current selection of inspection equipment.

2. Radiography/Fluoroscopy selection

The Radiography and Fluoroscopy selection buttons lay on the

console. You should carry out radiography inspection by pressing
Radiography selection button, and carry out fluoroscopy inspection by

pressing Fluoroscopy selection button. The corresponding indicator

lamp directed work in the corresponding state.

20
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

This system only has radiography function; the Fluoroscopy selection

button is invalid.

3. Bucky Radiography selection

Inspection with no Bucky requires fewer doses (kv and mAs). The
system is in the Bucky Radiography state when the indicator lamp
which at the upper left corner lights on.

4. Focus selection

The focus selection buttons include Small Focus selection and Large
Focus selection button. Press rnA increase/decrease button to switch
large and small focus. The focus indicator lamp shows that the state
of focus. The following information must be considered at focus
selecting:

• Small Focus

lt has clearer image, but smaller load, and will has a greater heat load
to the anode when selected small focus.

• Large Focus

The image is not as clearer as small focus, but the load is larger at
large focus state,

The focus indicator lamp at upper left corner of the button shows that
the state of focus.

4.1.4 Parameter adjustment

The quality of film in general by two factors: voltage (kv) and

current-time product (mAs); this is the fundamental basis for setting
exposure parameters.

1. Manual parameters adjustment

Any parameter combination is allowed if it is not exceed the limits of

X-ray tube and generator, Intelligent controller modules always
monitoring the parameters which that setting by user, and does not

21
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

allow them excess the limit capacity of X-ray tube or generator.

1 ) X-ray tube voltage (kv) adjusting

kv display
I__i___:_`|

kv decrease/kv increase

X-ray tube voltage can be change by pressing kv increase/decrease

button with 1 kv stepping. The kv value can be changed fast by
continued pressing one button of them.

It has no effect to mAs value when change the kv value at mAs

measuring mode. However, due to the increase of load which catches
by voltage increasing, the mAs value will limit the maximum kv.

2) X-ray tube current(rnA) adjusting

rnA display

rnA gear decrease/rnA gear increase

Press rnA increase/decrease button to select a value from a series

pre-setting values.

There is an example of pre-setting value as follow:

I The pre-setting rnA of small focus:

25, 50, 100

I The pre-setting rnA of large focus :

100, 200

3) Exposure time(s) /current-time product adjusting

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 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

• Measuring mode selection

The measuring mode switch in AEC, mAs, s working mode when

press the button.

At AEC working mode, the AEC exposure area indicator lamp light up,
and s/mAs display screen shows "0".

The mAs measuring indicator lamp light up at mAs measuring mode

and the s measuring indicator lamp light up at s measuring mode.

• mAsadjusting

s indicator

s/mAs display
i_=I:J=--i-
mAs indicator

tt
1234

1. s/mAs fine turning decrease

2. s/mAs gear decrease
3. s/mAs gear increase
4. s/mAs fine turning increase

Press s/mAs increase/decrease button to change mAs value at mAs

measuring mode.

Continue pressing the s/mAs fine turning decrease button, the mAs
value will decrease with 1 mAs stepping until the minimum value.

Continue pressing the s/mAs fine turning increase button, the mAs
value will increase with 1 mAs stepping until the maximum value.

Continue pressing the s/mAs gear decrease button, the mAs value
will decrease with gear until the minimum gear.

Continue pressing the s/mAs gear increase button, the mAs value will
increase with gear until the maximum gear.

There are the mAs pre-se'tting values as follow:

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8,10,12,16, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 63, 80,

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 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

2. Shortcut technology mode

The exposure parameters can be set by selecting shortcut

technology mode. This working mode can prevent users from
remarking the common exposure parameters and make easy
parameters setting.

The control console of shortcut technology is as follow:

Shortcut UP key

AEC area
selection

ShortcutDOWN key APselection LATselection storagekey

The use of shortcut techniques:

1 ) Adjiist the position of patient.

2 ) Press the Shortcut UP/Down key respectively or continuously to select the radiation

parts.

3) Select one of the postures according to actual situation.

25
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

4 ) Press the entopic or side key to select the entopic or side position.

5 ) The radiation parameters stored in the machine will be shown on console with the steps
of 2, 3 and 4. If the parameters need to be modified, press the corresponding keys.
however, the modification has no influence on former stored parameters, and the indicator
lamp related to shortcut mode will be distinguished, which indicates that it is different from
the setting parameter of shortcut mode, the parameters on the display panel are effective.

7) Press the preparation key on console or press the position 1 of hand brake switch until

the preparation indicator lamp lights.

8) Guide the patient to stay with the proper posture and keep his breath, press the

exposure key on console or the position 2 of hand brake switch until the exposure time
reaches. The exposure will be terminated as soon as the key or switch is released during.
its procedure. When the preparation indicator lamp is not bright, operation of the exposure
key or the position 2 of hand brake switch will be invalid. During the exposure procedure,
the indicator lamp of X-ray exposure always lights, and there is the sound of "Di-" when
the exposure starts and ends.

9) Repeat the above steps when additional exposure is required

4.1.5 Prep. and Exposure

Photography is controlled by pre-exposure button, exposure button.

Exposure indicator: lt is the exposure duration indicator. The indicator

lamp goes out when no load is applied; the indicator lamp illuminates
until the end of the exposure duration during exposure. At the
beginning and end of exposure will be heard ''di-" soon as the signal.

Prep.: After pressing the button, the selected x-ray tube prepare to
exposure. When the X-ray tube is ready, the preparatory indicator at
the upper left corner will be light.

When this key is pressed, the following functions can be activated:

1. Anode rotates.

2. The filament current turns to heating status of the selected rnA from
standby mode.

B33E

Exposure: When preparatory indicator light, Press this key to start the
X-ray exposure. At the beginning and end of exposure will be heard
26
 System
Operation
"di-" soon as the signal.

Exposure hand switch

X-ray exposure can be control by the hand switch which connected to

the console.

The hand switch has three states: off, preparation and X-ray
exposure. These features have the same functions as the prep. Key
and exposure key on console.

4.1,6 Taking radiography with shortcut technology

Featuredwiththeperformancesofradiationinspectiontechnologyparameters(16*2.*4
equalsto128shortcutradiationinformation)formemorizing16partsofbody.twokindsof

postures and four forms of patient, the shortcut technology can be customized with the
following steps:

1 ) Firstly, press the Maintain/Clear key "? /CLR" and release it untH the buzzer sends two

sounds of "Di-", and the system enters into the status of data query.

2)Pressthekvincreasingorkvdecreasingkeytoadjustthedisplayvaluetobe``2",when
itdisplays"2",pressmAincreaseanddecreasekeytomodifythedisplayscreenand
modify the right password to be "88". Press "storage key" to store the value.

3) Press Maintain/Clear key"? /CLR'' to exit.

4) Continuously press the storage key and release it until there are two "Di-" sounds of

buzzer,atpresent,thesystemhasenteredintoshortcuttechnologyprogrammingstatus.

5) Select the radiation parts through pressing the shortcut UP/DOWN keys; Select the

bodyshapeandpressthecorrespondingkeystoselecttheentopicorlateralpositjon.The
storage technology parameters of radiation part will be displayed on control panel. For
example, if it is desired to edit the storage technology of lumbar part, press the shortcut
UP/DOWNkeytolightthelumbarbytheLedofbodyfigurelumbarposition.

6 ) Select the corresponding technology, equipment and optimal radiation parameters.

7 ) Press storage key to store the technology parameters.

8) Repeat the steps of 4) , 5) , 6) and 7) to edit other parts.

9) Press Power Off key to exit the status of shortcut programming.

10) Restart the machine and inspect whether the shortcut parameters are programmed

27
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

successfully.

ANote: The password must be modified before you enter the programming to
shortcut technology, otherwise the store is invalid; closed the system when the
programming is completed, and restart it to modify the permissions.

4.2 Start-up Procedure

Switch on the system distribution switch, the system will start power-on self test. Except
the power indicator lamp, all strokes of other indicator lamps and digital tube at the
console alternately illuminates for display inspection; after the self test, the KV parameters
display screen shows "OFF" or "E". At this time, auxiliary power of generator and the
computer control circuit are in normal operation. However, the main power has no
electricity, and the high-voltage generator is in sleep status.

Press "Power ON" key on the console, KV display screen shows starting values. After
completion of start, the display screen shows the parameters before the last shutdown,
representing that the main power of generator is on.

Press "Power Off" key on the console, the main power of generator is off,

4.3 Common Radiography Operations

1. Typical radiography order is listed as:

1 ) Adjust the position of patient.

2) Press kv increase/decrease key to select the Kv parameters.

4) Press rnA increase/decrease key to select the rnA parameters.

5) Press to select the S measuring mode or mAs measuring mode.

6) Press s/mAs increase, decrease key to select the s/mAs parameters.

7) Select common radiography machine Bucky diaphragm or vertical chest radiography

stand Bucky diaphragm or no use of Bucky diaphragm.

8) Press the preparation key on console or press the position 1 of hand brake switch until

the preparation indicator lamp lights.

9) Guide the patient to stay with the proper posture and keep his breath, press the

exposure key on console or the position 2 of hand brake switch until the exposure time
reaches. The' exposure will be terminated as soon as the key or switch is released during
its procedure. When the preparation indicator lamp is not bright, operation of the exposure
key or the position 2 of hand brake switch will be invalid. During the exposure procedure,
the indicator lamp of X-ray exposure always lights, and there is the sound of "di-" when the

28
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

exposure starts and ends.

10) Repeat the above steps when additional one exposure is required.

A Note: The keys of fluoroscopy or film check of this system are invalid.
A Caution:
I When the machine is turned off, the system switch should be pulled down
to cut off the power of generator completely. Even the power supply is
turned off; still high voltage which is dangerous to life exists in generator
cabinet.

I Some time is required to preheat the X-RAY TUBE, and as anticipated, its
period is 30 seconds.

I Work loading should be less than 80% of total in 10 minutes after the
machine is started.

4,4 Error Code

The generator js capable of self-diagnosis. It can give signals to report big problems,
helping with repair a lot. For trouble-shooting, normally, check the power supply system
first and then the auxiliary power supply of the generator.

When the system goes wrong, the KV screen on the console will display the
corresponding error code as the table 3 shows:

Figure 7 Error code

Table 3 Error code display

Errorcode
Where and what is the problem? Trouble-shooting

Check normality of AC power and

replace the circuit board of the
E00 Abnormal power or fault of input circuit
interface unit by professional
servicemen.

Overourrent or fault of inverter Check HT circuits and the inverter

E01 discharge of BR1. X-ray tubes or HT and replace faulty parts by
parts and lead to over-loading. professional servicemen.

29
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

Overcurrent or fault of the inverter

E02 discharge of BR2. X-ray tubes or HT

parts and lead to over-loading.

Check HT circuits and the bulb tube

Failure of cathode heating or the fault and filament heating circuit and
E03
of heating driver circuit replace faulty parts by professional
servicemen.

Check anode motor circuits and

Failure of anode heating or the fault of
E04 anode drivers and replace faulty parts
anode heating driver circuit
by professional servicemen.

Cut off all power supply, start the

machine two minutes later. If the
trouble is still there, check the
E05 The machine fails to start.
interface board , commun ication
cables and the console by

professiona I servicemen.

Cut off all power supply, start the

machine two minutes later. If the
trouble is still there, check the
E06 The machine fails to shutdown.
interface board, communication
cables and the console by
professional servicemen.

E07 Self-diagnosis fails.

EO8 Resetting fail.

Controlling system hardware problem;
EO9 The intema[ radiating port fails.
to be checked by professional
The protective circuit of the inverter servlcemen. Parts to be replaced.
E10
fails.

Ell The focus switching fails.

Check normality of electrical

E12 The Bucky diaphragm fails
connection of Bucky diaphragm

E13 Positive deviation of tube voltage. Cal ibrated by professional

E14 Negative deviation of tube voltag?. servicemen.

E15 Positive deviation of tube current

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 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

E16 Negative deviation of tube current

E17 Positive deviation of voltage reference.

Negative deviation of voltage

E18
reference.

Positive deviation of current

E19
reference

E20 Negative deviation of current reference

E21 Invalid parameters

E22 Invalid orders

E23 Automatic reset of main system

lnitialized debugging performed by

E24 EEPROM is not initialized
special serviceman

31
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

5 Maintenance of equipment

5.1 Surface cleaning

1. After one-month operation, user may spray pledge on equipment surface, and
then wipe the surface with dry gauze or tower.

2. During operation, proper surface cleaning and protection shall be performed; after
use by patient with infective disease, the machine, in particular to the tabletop
shall be disinfected and sterilized (wiping with clean gauze dipping with 70%--80%
alcohol).

3. The collimator housing must be cleaned by the operator using non-abrasive

cleaning products at disconnect supply. Care must be taken to prevent liquid from
entering the collimator. N.B. the collimator cover is not watertight. Do no re-apply'

power if inflammable liquids have leaked into the collimator.

ANote: DO NOT clean the equipment when it is electrified for running. DO cut off
the power before cleaning.

5.2 Routine check and maintenance

Acaution: Do not remove the casing or internal elements in the cabinet and
console. Damage to personnel or the machine caused by ignoring this attention
is no responsibility of the manufacturer

1. The machine shall operate in dry and clean environment. Machine unused in long
term shall be covered by dustproof film.

2. All bearings and moving parts shall be checked regularly; friction surface shall be
cleaned and lubricated.

3. During normal operation, steel wire shall be checked regularly. Any breakage of
wire shall be promptly notified to the professional technicians approved by the
company for replacement.

4. User shall regularly check dust inside through front and back covers after half or
one year of operation, as the case may be. Check shall focus on various switches
and contacts for their electrolytic corrosion and uncleanness, which shall be wipe
out with gauze dipping with medicinal alcohol, switches and contacts suffering
serious corrosion or pollution shall be replaced. In addition, components and
wiring connectors shall be checked for loose and displacement, tighten them, if
required.

A Note: This step shall be performed only by trained service personnel.

32
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

5. During operation, power voltage shall be maintained in normal level. In the event
of occurrence of over-high, over-low. surge voltage and other abnormalities, the
operation shall be suspended till the cause has been found and trouble-shooting
measures has been taken accordingly.

6. All knobs and keys of the controller shall be gently operated; overexertion shall be
avoided to prevent dislocation, damage or poor contact, even breakage.

7. Protective yellow/green ground wire shall be checked frequently for good

connection.

A Note:
I Operation of X-ray tube assembly shall be careful to avoid impaction.
Training shall be performed before use of tube assembly that is unused in
long term or replaced new tube assembly,

I Please operate the device at permitted heat units of the tube assembly and
the external case temperature shall be not more tlian 70®C.

33
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

6 Technical description

6.1 Main technical parameters and capability

1. Power

Power voltage: AC 220V±22V

Power frequency: 50Hz±1Hz

Power resistance: <0.5Q

2, Generator

Maximum power: 20kw

kvrange: 40~125kv

Maximum tube current : 300mA

3. Maximumtubevoltageofxraytube : 125kv

4. Structure of mainframe

Transverse moving of tube assembly: >1100mm

Longitudinal moving of tube assembly: ±800mm

5. RadiographyTable

1 ) Tabletop

a) Size of tabletop panel: 2000 X 760mm;

b) Longitudinal moving distance of tabletop: ±550mm;

c) Transverse moving distance of tabletop: ±120mm;

d) Height of the table: 670 mm;

2) Movement of column and Bucky diaphragm: synchronously and manually move;

3) Table locking control: footswitch control;

4) Self-rotation of tube support: ±| 80°;

5) Tube assembly swing aroud the arm: ±180°;

6) Column scale: used to indicate distance between tube focus and film (SID);

7) Distance between tabletop and film: S60mm;

8) Grid:

34
 Medical System
Operation
a) Lines: 40L/cm;

b) Ratio: 10:1;

c) FFD: 100cm/180cm;

9) Filmsize: 5"x7": 8"xl0"; 10"xl2"; 11"xl4"; 12"xl5"; 14"xl4": 14"xl7"; 17"xl7";

10) Total attenuation coefflcjent: S3.0;

6. X-rayTube

1) Maximum tube voltage: 125kv;

2) Rotating speed of anode: 50 HZ,2800 rpm;

3) Cooling method: naturally or by fan;

4) Size offocus: 1.2/2.Omm;

5) Anode target material: Rhenium-tungsten faced molybdenum;

6) Anode heat units: 150kHU;

7) Maximum poweroftube:

30kw/50kw;

7. Collimator

1) Connect to tube with flange;

2) Tungsten halogen lamp "luminates at 50HZAC voltage 24V input;

3) Square exposure field of any size is manually adjilstable, lighting indicator is

provided, Iuminance ±100Lx, and one lmm and one 1.5 mm aluminum filtration
panel are provided;

4) lt is propitious to distance between tube center and tabletop ranges from

1100mm to 1500mm and field of view is 17"*17", and the position is adjustable
according to users' requirement.

5) Double lead leaf door (longitudinal and transverse), lead leaf door can be placed
at any position through manual adjustment.

6) Gear driving mechanism is adopted to ensure easy and flexible rotation.

7) Special connector js adopted to couple with tube to provide reasonable structure

and compacted appearance.

8) Dimension: 198xl84xl40

9) Maximum radiation field: when distance between X-ray tube focus and film

35
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

may carry out following isolated control functions:

1) Selection and control of operation method

2) Selection of loading factors

3) Action of radiation switch

8. Position of focus and tolerance between focus and reference axis

Position of focus and tolerance between focus and reference axis is 55.4±0.37.

6.3 System Condition

6.3.1 Power Supply Condition

Single phase220V±22V, 50Hz±1 Hz, Internal resistance of power <0.5Qo

6.3.2 Operation Condition

Temperature: |o~4ooc

Humidity: 30~75%

Atmosphere pressure: 700~ 1060hpa

6.3,3 Limited Condition for Transportation and Storage

Packed products may be stored up to 15 weeks in conditions as follows:

1. Environment temperature: -20~+45®C;

2. Relative humidity range: 20~80% no condensation;

3. Range of atmospheric pressure : 700~1060hpa;

4. Stored indoor without corrosive gas and with proper ventilation.

37
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

(called SID) is 650mm, maximum radiation field of co]limator shall be not more
than 350x350mm.

10) When SID is 1000mm, average illuminance in field shall be not less than 30LX.

6.2 Radiation protection requirement

1. Filtration of x-ray tube assembly

Additional filter 1.5mm Al equivalent, total filtration exceeds 2.5mm Al equivalent.

2. Limitation of x-ray equipment radiation beam

Range of X ray radiation beam is adjustable through manual operation of two knobs
on the collimator panel. At lm away focus and on the plane perpendicular to the
tabletop, selectable minimum size of X ray radiation beam shall be less than 15mm x
15mm.

3. Position of reference axis and distance between focus and image receptor

During normal operation, reference axis of X-ray field is perpendicular to the cassette.
Notch of the cassette clamp shall be aligned with reference light of radiation field if
required during radiography. X-ray source assembly is adjustable continuously; SID
value can be read on scale of the column.

4. Corresponding relationship between x-ray field and image receptor

1) Under the circumstance that the cassette plane is perpendicular to the

reference axis (3° tolerance) , the measurement shall indicate that the sum of
deviations between edges of the receptor and edges of X ray filed shall be
not more than 3% of SID indicator value.

2) Sum of deviations between X and Y axial directions shall be not more than
4% of SIC indicator value.

5. Distance between focus and skin

To minimize and rationalize patient's absorption for radiation, the operator shall
maintain distance between focus and skin as longer as possible.

6. Attenuation ofx ray beam

To prevent excessive attenuation of x ray beam caused by the material inserted

between patient and X film, the tabletop panel adopts medium dense laminated panel.

7. Control 'of protection area

Radiography machine and console shall be installed separately. During loading,

operator or staffs are not required to approach the patient; the generator mainframe

36
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

7 Attached figure

1.Chestunit 2. Radiographytable 3.Generator 4. LineGroove

5. Powersupplyswitch 6. Lead Glass 7. Console

(For reference only)

Figure 1 Layout of machine room

38
 Medical XRay Fedograpliy System
OpenGon

6005004003002001000
ffiI1.2
6 tl kv

70kv

9 I) ky

rirk
Okv

Ii=
\\\
5 tl k v

125k
\wl`EE\

0,010.028.050.10.2 0<512 510

`st

20
\ 50100

\\
rnA
I60kv
8006004002000
70kv ffi.2.0
|ii 80kY
Okv

\\u
90koak10kv25kv

0<010,020,050.10,2 0<512 510 20 50100

Figure 2 Maximum Rating Charts

39
Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

rnA

600

500
11 .2

/
70KV
400
/50 KV
300
1 25KV

150K V, - / /
//
1 00KY

200 EiE

100
z#z
6z22€2Z*_

0
3.7 4,1 4.5 4,9 5.3 5.5

12 .0 OKV/

/
100KY
// / 50KV

TISIN / .
150 K,V EI
ir
3.7 4.1 4,5 4.9 5.3 5,5

Figure 3 Emission & Filament Characteristics

40
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

150 190 min

1u50 150 190 min

Figure 4 Housing Thermal Characteristics

41
 Medical X-Ray Radiography System
Operation

kHU kJ

\
\\ 6 0 0HU / S

500HU S

250HU/S

IE

0 I 2 3 4 5 6 ? min

Figure 5 Anode Thermal Characteristics

42