CANON 3 — A lawyer in making known his legal services shall use Rule 3.
le 3.02 — In the choice of a firm name, no false, misleading or
only true, honest, fair, dignified and objective information or
statement of facts.
IT IS NOT UNETHICAL FOR A LAWYER TO MAKE HIS LEGAL SERVICES
KNOWN. BUT HE MUST DO SO ONLY BY USING TRUE, HONEST, FAIR,
DIGNIFIED AND OBJECTIVE INFORMATION. HE MUST NOT RESORT TO
FALSE, MISLEADING INFORMATION. AND THE MANNER OF MAKING IT
KNOWN MUST NOT BE UNDIGNIFIED AND DEMEANING TO THE LEGAL
PROFESSION.
ALLOWED BY THE LAW
1. Publication of refutable law list. NOT ON DAILY NEWSPAPERS,
MAGAZINES
2.
IMPLIED RESTRICTIONS
Violation of 3.01 is unethical, whether done by him personally or
through another with his permission.
Rule 3.01 — A lawyer shall not use or permit the use of any false,
fraudulent, misleading, deceptive, undignified, self-laudatory, or
unfair statement or claim regarding his qualifications or legal
services.
SELF PRAISES OR FALSE CLAIMS ON QUALIFICATIONS OR QUALITY OF
LEGAL SERVICES ARE UNETHICAL. THIS IS INTERTWINED WITH RULE
2.03 ON ACTIVITIES SOLICITING LEGAL BUSINESS. A LAWYER SHOULD
NOT PRETEND TO HIS PROSPECTIVE CLIENT JUST TO GET THEIR
TRUST AND CONFIDENCE THAT HE IS A SEASONED LAWYER.
ANY FALSE PRETENSE INTENDED TO DEFRAUD, MISLEAD AND
DECEIVE ON HIS QUALIFICATION OR QUALITY OF LEGAL SERVICES IS
UNETHICAL. WHETHER DONE BY HIM PERSONALLY OR THROUGH
ANOTHER WITH HIS PERMISSION.
assumed name shall be used. The continued use of the name of a
deceased partner is permissible provided that the firm indicates in
all its communications that said partner is deceased.
NO FALSE NAME OR MISLEADING OR ASSUMED NAME SHALL BE
USED IN THE FIRM NAME. IN THE CASE OF IN RE SYCIP, THE USE OF
THE NAME OF THE DECEASED PARTNER WAS PROHIBITED BUT UNDER
THE RULE OF CPR, IT IS ALLOWED IN RULE 3.02.
THIS IS TO MAINTAIN CLIENTS WHO HAVE BEEN PROVIDED LEGAL
SERVICES BY THE LAW FIRM.
NAME OF A PARTNER IN LAW FIRM SHOULD BE DROPPED IF
APPOINTED AS JUDGE SINCE HE IS NO LONGER ALLOWED TO
PRACTICE LAW. EITHER APPOINTED OR ELECTED TO A GOVT POSITION
PROHIBITS ONE FROM PRIVATE PRACTICE OF LAW. TO AVOID A
DISPLAY OF INFLUENCE ON THE PART OF THE FIRM.
Rule 3.03 – Where a partner accepts public office, he shall withdraw
from the firm and his name shall be dropped from the name unless
the law allows him to practice law currently.
NAME OF PARTNER SHOULD BE DROPPED FROM THE FIRM NAME
WHEN HE ACCEPTS PUBLIC OFFICE. EXCEPTION TO THIS IF THE LAW
ALLOWS HIM TO PRACTICE LAW CONCURRENTLY WHILE HOLDING
THE POSITION.
EXPN - VICE MAYOR, VC GOVERNOR, SANGUNIAANG BAYAN
THIS IS TO PREVENT THE LAW FIRM OR PARTNERS FROM MAKING
USE OF THE NAME OF THE PUBLIC OFFICIAL TO ATTRACT LEGAL
BUSINESS AND AVOID SUSPICION OF UNDUE INFLUENCE.
Rule 3.04 – A lawyer shall not pay or give anything to
representatives of the mass media in anticipation of, or in return
for, publicity to attract legal business.
SEEKING PUBLICITY IS PROHIBITED. A LAWYER WHO SEEKS PUBLICITY
TO ATTRACT LEGAL BUSINESS IS DEBASING THE LEGAL PROFESSION.
INDIRECT ADVERTISEMENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT
OFFEND THE TRADITIONS AND LOWER THE TONE OF THE
PROFESSION.
CANON 4 — A lawyer shall participate in the development of the
legal system by initiating or supporting efforts in law reform and in
the improvement of the administration of justice.
IT IS EVERY LAWYER’S DUTY TO IMPROVE THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE
COUNTRY. LAWYERS CAN CONTRIBUTE TO THE ENHANCEMENT OF
THE SYSTEM BY PRESENTING POSITION PAPERS OR RESOLUTION FOR
THE INTRODUCTION OF PERTINENT BILLS IN CONGRESS, PETITIONS
WITH THE SC FOR AMENDMENTS OF THE ROC ETC.
LAWYERS WHO ARE MEMBERS OF CONGRESS ARE IN THE BEST
POSITION TO TAKE A CLOSE LOOK AT THE SYSTEM AND INTRODUCE
BILLS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT.
LAWYERS ARE FOREFRONT OF THIS ENDEAVOR AS THEY ARE BEST
TRAINED AND LEARNED IN THE LAW. UPBUILDING OF THE
PROFESSION TO WHICH ONE BELONGS.
CANON 5 – A lawyer shall keep abreast of legal developments,
participate in continuing legal education programs, support efforts
to achieve high standards in law schools as well as in the practical
training of law students and assist in disseminating the law and
jurisprudence.
LAWYERS MUST UPDATE THEMSELVES WITH THE LAW
Objectives of Integration of the Bar:
1. to elevate the standards of the legal profession;
2. to improve the administration of justice;
3. to enable the bar to discharge its responsibility more
effectively.
LAWYERS MUST KEEP THEMSELVES ABREAST OF LEGAL
DEVELOPMENTS WITH THE DYNAMIC MOVEMENTS OF THE LAW AND
JURISPRUDENCE. HE MUST BE AWARE OF THE NEWLY PROMULGATED
LAWS AND RECENT COURT DECISIONS.
LAWYER’S LIFE IS A CONTINUOUS AND LABORIOUS STUDY.
The Three-fold obligation of a lawyer: AFTER ADMISSION TO THE
PRACTICE
1. He owes it to himself to continue improving his knowledge of the
laws;
2. He owes it to his profession to take an active interest in the
maintenance of high standards of legal education;
3. He owes it to the lay public to make the law a part of their social
consciousness.
RENEWED SIGNIFICANCE TO THE OBLIGATIONS TO:
1. ENCOURAGE AND FOSTER LEGAL EDUCATION
2. DEVISE AND MAINTAIN A PROGRAM OF CONTINUING LEGAL
EDUCATION
3. CONDUCT CAMPAIGNS TO EDUCATE THE PEOPLE ON THEIR
LEGAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

LAWYERS MUST TAKE ACTIVE PART IN THE PURSUIT FOR
CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION PROGRAM. THEY MUST SUPPORT
AND ENCOURAGE EFFORTS FOR THE ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGH
STANDARDS IN LAW SCHOOLS.
See B.M. No. 850 or the Mandatory Continuing Legal Education.
Members of the IBP are required every 3 years to complete at least
36 hours of continuing legal education activities, with appropriate
penalties for failure to do so. ALL LAWYERS. “SCRAP OF PAPER”
Parties exempted from the MCLE. -- The following members of the
Bar are exempt from the MCLE requirement:
a. The President and the Vice President of the Philippines, and the
Secretaries and Undersecretaries of Executive Departments;
b. Senators and Members of the House of Representatives;
c. The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court,
incumbent and retired members of the judiciary, incumbent
members of the Judicial and Bar Council and incumbent court
lawyers covered by the Philippine Judicial Academy program of
continuing judicial education;
d. The Chief State Counsel, Chief State Prosecutor and Assistant
Secretaries of the Department of Justice;
e. The Solicitor General and the Assistant Solicitors General;
f. The Government Corporate Counsel, Deputy and Assistant
Government Corporate Counsel;
g. The Chairmen and Members of the Constitutional Commissions;
h. The Ombudsman, the Overall Deputy Ombudsman, the Deputy
Ombudsman and the Special Prosecutor of the Office of the
Ombudsman;
i. Heads of government agencies exercising quasi-judicial functions;
j. Incumbent deans, bar reviewers and professors of law who have
teaching experience for at least ten (10) years in accredited law
schools;
k. The Chancellor, Vice-Chancellor and members of the Corps of
Professors and Professorial Lecturers of the Philippine Judicial
Academy; and
l. Governors and Mayors.
SEC. 2. Other parties exempted from the MCLE. - The following
Members of the Bar are likewise exempt:
a. Those who are not in law practice, private or public.
b. Those who have retired from law practice with the approval of the
IBP Board of Governors.
CANON 6 — These canons shall apply to lawyers in government
services in the discharge of their official tasks.
Who are public officials?
Public officials include elective and appointive officials and
employees, permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-
career service, including military and police personnel, whether or not
they receive compensation, regardless of amount. (Section 3 [b] , R.A.
No. 6713)
R.A. No. 6713. "The Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for
Public Officials and Employees"
Required conduct to be observed by every public official in the
discharge and execution of their official duties (RA 6713):
1. commitment to public interest;
2. professionalism;
3. justness and sincerity;
4. political neutrality;
5. responsiveness to the public;
6. nationalism and patriotism;
7. commitment to democracy;
8. simple living. (Section 4, R.A. No. 6713)

CANONS OF CPR ARE NOT INTENDED FOR PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS
ALONE. THEY SHALL GOVERN EVERY CONDUCT OF ALL LAWYERS
INCLUDING THOSE IN THE SERVICE OF THE GOVERNMENT.
A LAWYER DOES NOT SHED HIS PROFESSIONAL OBLIGATION UPON
ASSUMING PUBLIC OFFICE.
JUDGES ARE GOVERNED BY CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT.
INCUMBENT JUDGE MAY BE SUSPENDED OR REMOVED BY THE SC ON
THE GROUNDS OTHER THAN THOSE IN RULE 138, SEC. 27. THEY ARE
MAINLY GOVERNED BY RULE 140 RROC, CONSTITUTION, SPECIAL
LAWS, OTHER RULES FROM SC.
ALL PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES, LAWYERS OR NON-LAWYERS
ARE GOVERNED BY RA 6713. PUBLIC OFFICIALS REFERS BOTH
ELECTIVE AND APPOINTIVE OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES.
LAWYERS IN THE GOVERNMENT ARE PROHIBITED TO ENGAGE IN
PRIVATE PRACTICE OF THEIR PROFESSION UNLESS AUTHORIZED BY
THE CONSTITUTION OR LAW AND SUCH THIS PRACTICE WILL NOT
CONFLICT OR TEND TO CONFLICT WITH THEIR PUBLIC FUNCTION.
PROHIBITION WILL CONTINUE FOR ONE YEAR AFTER SEPARATION
FROM PUBLIC OFFICE.
MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE AS PUBLIC OFFICIAL MAY BE GROUND FOR
DISCIPLINARY ACTION IF SUCH CHARACTER AFFECTS HIS
QUALIFICATION AS A LAWYER, HE MAY BE DISCIPLINED AS A MEMBER
OF THE BAR.
Rule 6.01 — The primary duty of a lawyer engaged in public
prosecution is not to convict but to see that justice is done. The
suppression of facts or the concealment of witnesses capable of
establishing the innocence of the accused is highly reprehensible
and is cause for disciplinary action.
THE PRIMARY DUTY OF A PROSECUTOR IS TO SEEK FOR EQUAL AND
IMPARTIAL JUSTICE. HE MUST SEE TO IT THAT NO INNOCENT MAN
SUFFERS AND GUILTY MAN ESCAPES.
THE INTEREST OF THE PROSECUTOR IS NOT TO WIN A CASE BUT TO
SEE THAT JUSTICE IS DONE. HE SHOULD PRESENT EVIDENCE IN THEIR
TRUE, AND PROPER SIGNIFICANCE. HE SHOULD ASSURE THAT THE
ACCUSED IS GIVEN A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL TRIAL AND DEPRIVED OF
ANY OF HIS STATUTORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEED RIGHTS.
HE SHOULD NOT PRESENT PROOFS OF THE GUILT OF THE ACCUSED
WHICH IS ILLEGALLY SEIZED OR ACQUIRED AS SUCH THOSE
PROHIBITED UNDER THE BOR, OR EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY MEANS OF
TORTURE, THREAT, INTIMIDATION, AND OTHER MEANS WHICH
VITIATE HIS FREE WILL, INCLUDING CONFESSIONS AND ADMISSIONS.
Mandate of public prosecutor
MUST PRESENT PERTINENT FACTS WITH METHODOLOGICAL AND
METICULOUS ATTENTION, CLARIFYING CONTRADICTIONS AND
FILLING UP GAPS AND LOOPHOLES IN THEIR EVIDENCE SO THAT THE
COURT’S MIND MAY NOT BE TORTURED BY DOUBTS.
Rule 6.02 — A lawyer in the government service shall not use his
public position to promote or advance his private interests, nor
allow the latter to interfere with his public duties.
NOT TO USE PUBLIC POSITION FOR PERSONAL INTEREST
THE CODE IS EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO LAWYERS IN THE
GOVERNMENT SERVICE. THEY MUST UPHOLD THE PUBLIC INTEREST
OVER AND ABOVE PRIVATE INTEREST; THEY MUST DISCHARGE THEIR
DUTIES WITH THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF EXCELLENCE,
PROFESSIONALISM, INTELLIGENCE AND SKILL.
HE SHOULD NOT USE HIS PUBLIC POSITION TO ENHANCE HIS PRIVATE
PRACTICE OF LAW OR A PRIVATE BUSINESS.
PROHIBITIONS:
1. ENGAGE IN PRIVATE PRACTICE
Rule 6.03 — A lawyer shall not, after leaving government service,
accept engagement or employment in connection with any matter in
which he had intervened while in said service.
1. retirement
2. resignation
3. expiration of the term of office
4. dismissal
5. abandonment
MATTER OF THE BREWING CONTROVERSIES IN THE ELECTIONS OF
THE IBP 2012
EMBIDO VS PE 2013
AVOID CONFLICT OF LAWYERING
ADVERSE INTEREST CONFLICT – EXIST WHERE THE MATTER IN WHICH
THE FORMER GOVERNMENT LAWYER REPRESENTS A CLIENT IN
PRIVATE PRACTICE IS SUBSTANTIALLY RELATED TO THE MATTER THAT
THE LAWYER DEALT WITH WHILE EMPLOYED BY THE GOVERNMENT
AND THE INTERESTS OF THE CURRENT AND FORMER ARE ADVERSE.
CONGRUENT INTEREST REPRESENTATION CONFLICTS – THE
DISQUALIFICATION DOES NOT INVOLVE A CONFLICT AT ALL BECAUSE
THE LAWYER REPRESENTING A PRIVATE CLIENT EVEN IF THE
INTERESTS OF THE FORMER GOVERNMENT CLIENT AND THE NEW
CLIENT ARE ENTIRELY PARALLEL.
CHAPTER II – THE LAWYER AND THE LEGAL PROFESSION
CANON 7 – A lawyer shall at all times uphold the integrity and
dignity of the legal profession and support the activities of the
integrated bar.
ONCE YOU PASS THE BAR, YOU ARE PART OF THE IBP
REMAIN ROYAL, COMMITTED TO IBP AND TO ITS ACTIVITIES
PAYMENT OF DUES (NOT ENOUGH)
PARTICIPATE IN THE ACTIVITIES OF IBP – YOU WILL CHOOSE A
CHAPTER
Rule 7.01 – A lawyer shall be answerable for knowingly making a
false statement or suppressing a material fact in connection with his
application for admission to the bar.
RULE ON CONFIDENTIALITY
Rule 138, Sec. Rules of Court –
- citizen of the PH
- at least 21 yrs of age
- good moral character
- satisfactory evidence of GMC
- no charges against him involving moral turpitude
HE WILL BE DENIED PERMISSION TO TAKE THE EXAMINATION. IF
BEFORE TAKING THE OATH, HE WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO TAKE HIS
OATH AS A LAWYER. IF IT WAS DISCOVERED AFTER THE CANDIDATE
HAD TAKEN HIS OATH, HIS NAME SHALL BE STRICKEN FROM THE ROLL
OF ATTORNEYS.
IF THE CRIME CONCEALED DOES NOT INVOLVED MORAL TURPITUDE,
NEVERTHELESS IT WILL TAKEN AGAINST HIM. IT IS THE FACT OF
CONCEALMENT NOT THE COMMISSION OF THE CRIME.
Rule 7.02 – A lawyer shall not support the application for admission
to the bar of any person known by him to be unqualified in respect Rule 8.01 – A lawyer shall not in his professional dealings use
to character, education or other relevant attribute. language which is abusive, offensive or otherwise improper.

SHALL AID IN GUARDING THE BAR AGAINST ADMISSION TO THE Rule 8.02 – A lawyer shall not, directly or indirectly, encroach upon
PROFESSION OF CANDIDATES UNFIT OR UNQUALIFIED FOR BEING the professional employment of another lawyer, without fear or
DEFICIENT IN EITHER MORAL CHARACTER OR EDUCATION. favor, to give proper advice and assistance to those seeking relief
against unfaithful and neglectful counsel.
A LAWYER SHALL NOT MAKE NO RECOMMENDATION OR
ENDORSEMENT OF ANY APPLICANT FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR IF
HE KNOWS THAT THE APPLICANT IS NOT QUALIFIED. TO BECOME A
MEMBER OF THE BAR. IT MUST BE SOLELY BASED ON FITNESS BOTH
INTELLECTUAL AND MORAL; THAT IT POSSESSES DEGREE OF
LEARNING AND PROFICIENCY IN LAW.

Rule 7.03 – A lawyer shall not engage in conduct that adversely

reflects on his fitness to practice law nor shall be, whether in public
or private life, behave in a scandalous manner to the discredit of the
legal profession.

A lawyer must at all times conduct himself properly as not to put into
question his fitness to practice law. It is essential that a lawyer
possesses the GMC he had upon entrance in the practice of law. He
must maintain moral fitness required of him when he applied for the
admission to the bar. This conduct of nobility and uprightness should
stay with him whether in his public or private life.

CANON 8 – A lawyer shall conduct himself with courtesy, fairness

and candor toward his professional colleagues and shall avoid
harassing tactics against opposing counsel.

Lawyers are officers of the court. They all belong to the legal
profession which is exclusive to those privileged to practice law. To
maintain the dignity of the legal profession, they must conduct
themselves honorably, fairly and candidly toward each other. Section 3(d) R.A. No. 3019 as amended and Section 7(b) R.A. No. 6713

Section 3. Corrupt practice of public officers. In addition to acts or
omission of public officers already penalized by existing law, the
following shall constitute corrupt practice of any public officer and
are hereby declared to be unlawful:
(d) accepting or having any member of his family accept employment
in a private enterprise which has pending official business with him
during the pendency thereof or within one year after termination.
Section 7(b) of R.A. No. 6713 prohibits officials from doing any of the
following acts:
own, control, manage or accept employment as officer, employee,
consultant, counsel, broker, agent, trustee or nominee in any private
enterprise regulated, supervised or licensed by their office unless
expressly allowed by law.
These prohibitions shall continue to apply for a period of one (1) year
after resignation, retirement, or separation from public office, except
in the case of subparagraph (b); (2) above, but the professional
concerned cannot practice his profession in connection with any
matter before the office he used to be with, in which case the one-
year prohibition shall likewise apply.
Lawyers in the government service are prohibited to engage in the
private practice of their profession unless authorized by the
constitution or law, provided that such practice will not conflict or
tend to conflict with their official functions.
Misconduct in office as a public official may be a ground for
disciplinary action (if of such character as to affect his qualification as
lawyer or to show moral delinquency).
Should recommend the acquittal of the accused whose conviction is
on appeal, IF he finds no legal basis to sustain the conviction.
Included restriction is representing conflicting interest. (e.g.,
Accepting engagements v. Former employer, PNB)
The OSG is not authorized to represent a public official at any state of
a criminal case.
See case of Jovito Olazo v. Justice Dante Tinga, A.M. No. 10-5- 7-SC,
December 7, 2010.
Generally, a lawyer who holds a government office may not be
disciplined as a member of the Bar for misconduct in the discharge of
his duties as a government official. He may be disciplined by the Court
or as a member of the Bar only when his misconduct also constitutes
a violation of his oath as a lawyer.
General Rule: Only those who are licensed to practice law can appear
and handle cases in court.
Non-lawyers who may be authorized to appear in court:
1. Cases before the MTC: Party to the litigation, in person OR
through an agent or friend or appointed by him for that purpose.
(Section 34, Rule 138, RRC)
2. Before any other court: Party to the litigation, in person. (Ibid.)
3. Criminal case before the MTC in a locality where a duly licensed
member of the Bar is not available: the judge may appoint a non-
lawyer who is: —
a. resident of the province;
b. of good repute for probity and ability to aid the accused in
his defense. (Rule 116, Section 7, RRC)
4. Legal Aid Program — A senior law student, who is enrolled in a
recognized law school's clinical education program approved by
the Supreme Court may appear before any court without
compensation, to represent indigent clients, accepted by the Legal
Clinic of the law school. The student shall be under the direct
supervision and control of an IBP member duly accredited by the
law school.
5. Under the Labor Code, non-lawyers may appear before the NLRC
or any Labor Arbiter,
a. if they represent themselves, or if
b. they represent their organization or members thereof.
(Article 222, P.D. No. 442, as amended)
6. Under the Cadastral Act, a non-lawyer can represent a claimant
before the Cadastral Court. (Act No. 2259, Section 9)
7. Any official or other person appointed to appear for the
Government of the Philippines in accordance with law shall have
all the rights of a duly authorized member of the bar in any case in
which said government has an interest [Sec. 33, Rule 138]. – from
Agpalo
Three Limitations in the appearance of a layman on behalf of
another:
1. Layman should confine his work to non-adversary contentions.
Should not undertake purely legal work such as examination
of witnesses or presentation of evidence.
2. Services should not be habitually rendered.
2. Should not charge or collect attorneys’ fees.
Public Officials who cannot engage in the private practice of Law in
the Philippines:
1. Judges and other officials as employees of the Supreme Court
(Rule 148, Section 35, RRC)
2. Officials and employees of the OSG. (Ibid.)
3. Government prosecutors. (People v. Villanueva, 14 SCRA 109)
4. President, Vice-President, members of the cabinet, their deputies
and assistants. (Section 15, Article VIII, 1987 Constitution)
5. Members of the Constitutional Commission. (Section 2, Article IX-
A, 1987 Constitution)
6. Ombudsman and his deputies. (Article IX, Section 8 [2nd par.],
1987 Constitution)
7. All governors, city and municipal mayors. (R.A. No. 7160, Section
90)
8. Those prohibited by special law.
Public Officials with Restrictions in the Practice of Law:
 No Senator as member of the House of Representative may
personally appear as counsel before any court of justice as before
the Electoral Tribunals, as quasi-judicial and other administration
bodies. (Article VI, Section 14, 1987 Constitution)
 Under R.A. No. 910, Section 1, as amended, a retired justice or
judge receiving pension from the government, cannot act as
counsel in any civil case in which the Government, or any of its
subdivision or agencies is the adverse party or in a criminal case
wherein an officer or employee of the Government is accused of
an offense in relation to his office.
Section 90 Practice of Profession (R.A. No. 7160, LGC).
a. All governors, city and municipal mayors are prohibited from
practicing their profession or engaging in any occupation other
than the exercise of their functions as local chief executives.
b. Sanggunian members may practice their professions, engage in
any occupation, or teach in schools except during session hours:
Provided that sanggunian members who are also members of the
Bar shall not:
1) appear as counsel before any court in any civil case
wherein a local government unit or any office, agency, or
instrumentality of the government is the adverse party;
2) appear as counsel in any criminal case wherein an officer
or employee of the national or local government is
accused of an offense committed in relation to his office;
3) collect any fee for their appearance in administrative
proceedings involving the local government unit of which
he is an official;
4) use property and personnel of the government except
when the Sanggunian member concerned is defending the
interest of the government.