UNIT II POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE FEATURES, MAKING COMPARISONS, LIFESTYLE CHANGES, AND EXPRESSING WISHES A. Describing Positive and Negative Features 1. Positive Features Most people would consider the character traits described by the personality adjectives below to be "good" or positive. This is generally true, but remembers that words are often used subjectively. For example, “determined” is shown here as a positive personality adjective, while "stubborn" is listed on the negative personality adjectives, yet the meaning of both can be very similar. The choice of word sometimes says as much about the author as about the person being described. Positive Meaning | Positive Meaning Word Word Adaptable | Beradaptasi | Courteous | Sopan Adventurous | Petwalang _| Creative Kreatif Affable Ramah Decisive | Menentukan Affectionate_| Pengasih__| Determined _| Bertekad Agreeable | Ramah Diligent Rajin Ambitious | Ambisius | Diplomatic _| Diplomatik Amiable Ramah Discreet Bijaksana Dialogue Practice Khadijah Suess what... get the hottest news about you! Maria Really... What is that? Where do you get it? Khadijah: From Maryam.....the ex-girlfriend of your boyfriend Maria I can’t wait it....Tell me soon! Khadijah : She said that you are more diligent and courteous than her. Maria Oh my God. .. What does it mean? 10Khadijah: She just wanted to say to you that you are more appropriate to him than her. She said to take care of him as always. Maria: Oh.....That’s so awesome. Okay thank you. I promise that I want to see her soon. Khadijah: Very welcome... 2, Negative Features Most people would consider the character traits described by the personality adjectives below to be "bad" or negative. This is generally true, but remembers that there can be exceptions. For example, for a policeman "aggressive" might be a negative trait while for a boxer it might really belong to the positive personality adjectives Negative | Meaning Negative | Meaning Aggressive | Agresif Deceitful | Penipu Aloof Menyendiri | Detached | Terpisah Arrogant | Sombong Dishonest | Tidakjujur Belligerent | Berkelahi Dogmatic _| Fanatik Big-headed | Berkepalabesar | Domineering | Mendominasi Bitchy Murahan Finicky Rewel Boastful Sombong Flirtatious Genit Dialogue Practice Yahy What do you think about the government policies now? Yunus That's great...I am keen on the economic one, but I am not sure that all of them will be run well. Yahya: Why do you say that? Yunus : Many people in the government are dishonest and boastful. Those make me terrible. ulYahya: L see but...we need to support our government to make them success. Yunus Well. ...Okay Speaking Practice Theme:Deseribing character based on their own personality Make a good dialogue in a partner by using positive and negative features! You may describe your partner with the purpose to evaluate hinvher. B. Making Comparison 1. The comparative and superlative of adjectives Adjectives can have a comparative form (newer, more modern), and a superlative form (newest, most modern). Short adjectives take er/est, and long ones take more/most. 2. The comparative and superlative of adverbs Adverbs can have a comparative form (faster, more rapidly) and a superlative form (fastest, most rapidly). 3. More, most, less, least, fewer and fewest We can use more, most, less, etc. to compare quantities. > There's more traffic on a weekday > The waiter gives me less sugar than my sister has. > The books that I have are fewer than the ones that my brother has. 4. Patterns expressing a comparison We use these patterns to make comparisons. > The new system is more complicated than the old one. > Nothing is ever as simple as it seems > Greenland is the largest island in the world. > It was the most embarrassing thing that ever happened to me. 5. Special patterns with the comparative And we can use these special patterns.12 > The people in the queue were getting more and more impatient. > The longer people have to wait, the more impatient they get. 6. Dialogue Practice Dialogue 1 Aisyah I can't choose one of these dresses. They are so cute. Salsabilla But I think the red dress is the most beautiful one Aisyah : Really? Salsabilla Sure. You'll look as gorgeous as Cinde- rella, Or maybe you'll be prettier than her. Aisyah : Oh thanks for the words. I'll take this one. Dialogue 2 ‘Aminah Look! Tasya and her sister are doing their work Khadijah Yes, they are both diligent, aren't they? Aminah : Yes, but Tasya is more diligent than her sister. Khadijah: And she always does her work correctly Aminah : Yeah I know. 7. Vocabulary Practice Find the comparison word of the following paragraph! Text 1 Gold and Copper Gold is much softer than copper, so it is easier to hammer into shape. It is not very strong. A gold knife might look very fine but would not have been much use for skinning a bear, sofrom ly Id became the metalfor ornaments. Copper is much harder; it would have been much more difficultfor early man to shape, but the finished article was more durable. (from L. Aitchison The Story of Metals)Text 2 Midtown Manhattan Midtown Manhattan, which ranges roughly from 34" to 59" streets and river, is a center ofsuperlatives. The buildings, best restaurants, most art galleries, brightest greatest. concentration ofbig business, largest complex oftheaters and concert houses, best bargain basements, most exclusive couture houses, and the most specialized services are all here. (from Fodor's Budget Travel in America) Talking about Life-Style Change There is no question about it - ditching bad habits and adopting good ones can be challenging. The key is setting yourself up for success. 1. Find your motivation 2. Don’t change everything at once 3. Find cheerleaders 4. Track your progress 5, Leam from setbacks Dialogue Practice Adam; Everybody uses modem style right now, Yusuf Of course, we are in modern era. Adam What do you think about their style? Yusuf: I am personally fine, but we need to select them based on our personality Adam Sometimes, the modernism makes them boastful and big-headed, doesn't it? Yusuf Yeah... sometimes, that is why we need to change our lifestyle. Adam: Ido agree with you. What do we do first? Yusuf: Attitude.....1 think that the attitude of people in the past is better than that of this era. We need to change our behavior. Though we are in modern era, we must be amiable and affectionate.Adam : Great...'ll share it to all my fellow college students. Yusuf That’s what I mean. peaking Practic: Theme:Bad behavior must be changed! Make a good conversation in a partner related to the life-style change! Give some suggestions with your partner to change his/her bad behavior! D. Expressing Wishes Wish 1 We use wish + past simple when we want a situation or thing in the present to be different or to change. > He wishes that he were rich. > I wish I didn’t have to get up so early Other varieties > I wish he was writing for me. > wish I could help her Our regret refers to the present Wish + past simple Regret Wish Tam fat Twish I wasn’t fat Tdon’t have any friends Lwish Thad some friends Tean't swim Twish I could swim Wish 2 We use wish + past perfect to express a wish about the past > They wish that they had studied harder when they were young. It means that they didn’t study >» I wish I hadn't married him. It means that | married him. Our regret refers to the past16 Wish + pastperfect Regret Wish Thave lost my pen Twish I hadn’t lost my pen Ididn’t go to the party _ | I wish Thad gone to the party Tdidn’t work for the exam | I wish I had worked for the exam Wish 3 We use wish + would to say that you want another person to do (or not to do) something; often because you are annoyed or to complain about a thing or a situation > I wish you wouldn't be so rude. > Twish my mother would let me go out till late, Wanting someone to do something or complaining about annoying habits: Wish + would Regret Wish You never listen tome | I wish you would listen to me He doesn’t understand He wishes he would understand what you meant what you meant You treat me like a child | I wish you wouldn’t treat me like a child Examples > I'd like to buy that car but I don’t have so much money I wish I hadmore money! ¥ I saidsomethingstupidat the meeting and now!’msosorry I wish I hadn’tsaidthat > Ididn’tstudy hard enough for the exam I wish I hadworked a bit harder ....Dialogue Practic Tamara: Are comfortable in law faculty now? Arya Not really....but J feel better than my previous subject.I wish I can take health faculty. Tamara: Just do it! You will be a great person if you want to study hard in law faculty. Arya What should I do? I don’t like it too much actually. Tamara You need to change your lifestyle first. Don't sleep too late and avoid the negative thinking. I'll support you as always, Arya That’s so hard. I can’t sleep before 10 p.m. Tamara Sleeping too late will make you hard wake up in the early moming. You can do anything in the carly morning like studying and jogging Arya Well. ..okay I will try it. Thanks anyway Tamara Very welcome. peaking Practice Make a dialogue with your partner and it must consist of positive and negative features, comparison words, lifestyle change, and wish expression. 17