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HIT: . 6 Rao llT Academ % Symbol of Excellence and Perfection JEE | MEDICAL-UG | BOARDS | KVPY | NTSE | OLYMPIADS 7) 2 007 & ax Sr. P. aa VOLUME - VI Fage | 1. sotto of Triangle 1 | | 2. | Probabiity El 3. “Vectors | 71 | 101 4. 3D Geometry MATHEMATICSRao IIT Academy RIIT, eGR pRao IIT Academy © filma ee) a \9 . | MEDICAL-UG | BOARDS | KVPY | NTSE | OLYMPIADS JEE-MAIN + ADVANCED SOLUTIONS OF TRLANGLE | C RaollT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _») SAT V — Awrapesy LIT O8y, IMJosNp A OFY Jo Wo} “pyTag suom: 3 ; Rao IIT Academy ~ A Di TOPIC NAME PAGE NO. Ma 12 13 14 15 at 22 2.3 24 3.1 Elements of Triangle wu. Sine Rule Cosine Rule Napier's Analogy. Projection Formula Practice Problem - 01... Half Angle Formulae... Area of TrIANgle ann Circle connected with triangle Regular Polygon Practice Problem - 02 Centroid and Medians of a triangle... Practice Problem - 03 Answer Sheet 03 aM 12 14 24 03 103 03 04 C Rao IIT Academy Website : www.raolit.com >‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | 44 4.3 Elements of Triangle In any triangle the three sides and the three angles are often called the elements of the triangle. When any three elements of the triangle are given, provided they be not the three angles, the triangle is in general completely known, i.e. its other angles and sides can be calculated. When the three angles are given, only the ratios of the lengths of the sides can be found, so that the triangle is given in shape only and not in size. Notes: Ina triangle ABC the angles are denoted by capital letters A, B and C. The length of the sides opposite to the angle is denoted by small letters a, b and c The sum of the length of the two sides is always greater than the length of third side. The difference of the lengths of the two sides is always less than the length of third side. b Semi perimeter of the triangle is given by, s Area of the triangle is denoted by A and A~ 3 x base = height e Rule > Inatriangle ABC, <9 = 5 = So =2R (where R is circum radius of the triangle ABC) Cosine Rul Ina triangle ABC, @ — cosA= EE or a? ? —2becos A Gi) cos B or 8 ? —2ea cos B Gil) cos orc? =a? +b? —2abeosC ab Napier’s Analogy (Tangent Rule) Ina triangle ABC, =c)_ bee @ tan (25S) BRE cor A C Rao IIT Academy © __ Website: wwwara “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy — A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine Rao IT Academy 4.5 Projection Formulae In any triangle ABC @ — a-beasC + ecosB (i) b=ceosA+acosC ( Illustration 01 : cos B+b cos C If a=15, b=36 and ¢=39, then the value of cos A is equal to 12 5 , 4 | Ag Bez Og (D) None of these Solutic 36? + 297 - 15? 12 Solution: cosA= = EB Illustration 02 : a If ina triangle ABC, a= 5, b=4 and cos (A—B) = 5 , then the third side cis equal to @B) 8 4 (D) None of these => 63 tan* Now tan ATS 2-8 og S54 34 co stan S Zarb "7 Tey baa MD 2 1- tan? (c/2) 18 Also, cosC = ———~ = laa 44 tan? (C/2) 144 +bP-2ab cos C=25 +16-2.5.4. 5 =36 = e=6 Hence (A) is the correct answer. Mlustration 03 : Ifin a triangle ABC angles A,B,C arc in A.P. and 2b?=3c?, then least angle will be (ay 1 ®) 30° oa" (D) 50° Solution 2B=A+C= B=60" 45° C Rao IIT Academy © _ website: www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | Mlustration 04: The least angles of the triangles whose sides are 3+ V3 ,2V3 , V6 (a) 18° (B) 30° (cast (36 Solution : Let a=3+ V3, b=2V3 and c= Ve 6-6 ° ta A= 105° Applying the formula, <2 = 2 Applying the formula.» Sin ~ sinB i Bel > sin (105%) = —=S— | CO) BAe) U2 > sinB= 5 =sin45° > B= 45" = ZC =30° Mlustration 05 = Ina triangle ABC, D be a point on side BC such that BD : DC =m: n. If ADC =0,|BAD = a, DAC = B, then ptove that (m+n) cot =mcota—neot B Solution BD. c () In triangle ABD Ging” Sin(w 20) pe b Intriangle ADC 59 Sind (2) equation(1) _, msin B e_ sinc _sinfx-(0+8)| equation(2) sina b sinB sin(O—a) msin(@ nsin(0+) nsinasindsinf'sind => — m[cota—cotd] =n[eotd + cot ] = (m4n)cot0 = meota—neot f (C__RaoliT Academy Website: wwwsraciit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine Rao IIT Academy Mlustration 06 : Solution If g,h, k denotes the sides of a pedal triangle, prove that a ab? +c? 2abe k ‘eS We have, g= { © sides of a pedal triangle } abe Mlustration 07: Solution If two sides of a triangle are given by the roots of the equation , x?- 2V3 x+2=0 & the angle between the sides is = then the perimeter of the triangle, may be (AS) 23 (B) 6-2V3 © W34V6 (D) 8-2V3 Here, two sides of a triangle are given by roots of the equation, x*— 23 x+2=0 =>atb=2V3 and ab=2 with z (i) Using cosine law, we have cos C = cos $= 242 (Using @) } { Using Gi) } The perimeter = a+b + C Rao IIT Academy oO‘Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS 0 Q.1 Inatriangle ABC, a sin (B= C) +b sin (C- A) + e sin (A~ B) is equal to (ayo BR (©2R D) atb+e Q2— Inatriangle ABC, if @, (AP. (GP (uP (D) Can't say re in AP, then cot A, cot B, cot C are in aco 3 Inaltriangle ABC, A — is equal to Q el vA 8 a+b (B) bre cra (D) arbee 2cosA | cosB | 2cosC b eA SE + SORE = + Zs thom [A is equal to Q4— Inatriangle ABC, A) = B) = o = p) = wF os OF MF 5 inaviangle ABC, it A=45", B75 then(0+eV3)is equa to 3b (ayo (B) 2 (3b OF 2 6 tnatriangle ABC, if —+——=—3 — in Qu In a triangle. sit yc Saa andere them 2C= ® ® ® se NZ >; OF OF Q7 Inatriangte ape, PLS“), i (Ayo @> (C) aR? ©) R Q8 _ Inatriangle ABC, the tangent of half the difference of two angles is one third the tangent of half the sum of the same angles, then the ratio of the sides opposite to the angles are (1:2 (B)2:3 1:3 2:5 Q9 — Inatriangle ABC, acos(C +a) +ceos(A—a)= (where eR) (A) boosa (B) ccosa (©) bcos A (D) ccos A Q.10 Ina triangle ABC, if (a+8+c)(b a)=3be then angle A is x = x St AS QZ OF OF C_RaoliT Academy Website: wwwiraoiit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine @Rao IIT Academy Qu Qu Qu3 Qua Qus Q6 Quy Qs Qs Q.20 Ina triangle ABC, (b? - c2) cot A + (c? —a°) cot B + (a — b?) cot C is equal to A) sin& B) cos (c) tan (D) cot (a) sin B) es © we (0) oot Inthe triangle ABC, > 8. Ifthe measures of A and B satisfy the equation 3sinx-4sin’ x-k=0, O are in (A) AP (B) GP (©) HP (D) None of these A 2 ( Ina triangle ABC, Ifangles A, B, C are in AP, then 20s] “ Va -ac+c* ® Va? tac+e* © Va? +ae-e © Na? +2ac-0* Ina triangle if sides are in A.P. and the greatest angle exceeds the least by 90° then the sides are proportional to (A) 3:5:7 (B) 2:3:4 © VT+ViV7-1 ©) J5+1:V5 5-1 C RaollTAcademy J) Website: www.raolit.com _)Rao IIT Academy Ee Cree Q.21_Ifsides ofa triangle are 3x +4y, 4x-+3yand 5x+Syunits where x, y>0,then the triangle ean be (A) acute (B) Obtuse (C)right angled (D) isosceles Q.22. Ina ABC. if a=4, b=5, ¢=6, then 3 1 lt (A) cos = (8) cosB= 5 (©) eosC= 5 () c=2a a 4 23 Ina triangle ABC, if ——=tan~, then the triangle can be Q23, Ina triangle ABC, if 5 = tan, then the triangle ean b (A) equilateral (B) Isosceles (C)right angled (D) scalen 24 Inatriangle ABC if a~ (1+ V8) em,b2 em and C~ 60°, then (B) B= 45° ©) c=V6 D)c=4 Q.25 Ina triangle ABC, if = 100, c= 10042 and B= 30°, then which of the following are possible? (A) ants? (B) ca135° (©) a=50(v8+V2)(Dya=25(v6-¥2) Q.26 In AABC, if a=5, b=4 and A=t +B, then angle C can be (Be Fa (A) 2tan ‘G| (4 cw 3] (D) Can not be evaluated Q.27 If cquations ax’ +hx+c=0 and x° +V2x+1=0 have a common root, where a,b,c are the sides of A ABC, then the triangle can be (A) scalen (B) obtuse angled —_(C) isosceles (D) right angled Gerken re) Passage - I IfD,E,F are foot of perpendiculars drawn from vertices A,B,C of an acute angled triangle ABC to the opposite sides, then : (Here triangle DEF is called pedal triangle of original triangle ABC) Q.28 Angle FDE is a4 B24 Or oF 0.29 Side EF is (A) 2Rsin2A (B) Rsin2A (©) 2Rcos A (D) 2Reos2A C___RaoliTAcademy Website: wwwsraolit.com _) “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy — A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine Rao IT Academy perimeter of ADE 2:30 Gerimeter of A ABC 4, B.C AB asin Asin 2 sin€ 4054 cos” cos (A) ssingengeing (B) Boos ye0s 7008 © cosBeosC ©) sin Bsinc Passage -2 In a triangle ABC, sides a, b and angle Aare given. If B,, B,; C,, C, be the two values of angles Band C respectively, then Qi is equal to (B) 2 cos. A (©)sin 2A (D) cos 2A Gt, Q32. If C, >C, then, sin is equal to A B (©) cosSeosBe (py sin Asin (A) cosAcosB, —(B) sin AsinB, (©) cos Fe0s-}(D) sin sin Q33 IfA=45° and 2B,CB, ~ 6, then cos 9 is equal to waa 2a? 8 Baa? 8 7 o> o> o> ero The si “ 's of a triangle are three consecutive natural numbers and its larg the smallest one.tf_k is the largest side of the triangle then value of 11 Q35_ Inatrianlge ABC, if > 22:11, then numerical value of 2 is SSX, then unit placed digit Q.36 Ina triangle ABC, if of 3 is 683 Q37 Inatriangle ABC, if ¢=26, b=30 and cosC = then side ‘cis equal to Q.38 Two adjacent sides of cyclic quadrilateral are 2 and 5 and angle between them is 60°. If the third side is 3 then the remaining side i Q.39._D, Fare the points on the side BC ofa A ABC so that BD=DE~EC. If ZBAD~a., ZDAE-B sin(ocs A) sin p47 and ZEAC=1 then mumerical value of 2A) SF +7) Q.40 Inatriangle ABC, if 2@¢ + 45* 4ab+2ac, then value of (8cos B) is equal to C Rao IIT Academy ©) __ website: www.raoiRao IIT Academy 2.1 Half Angle Formulae In any triangle ABC wy @sint- [C=DE=D Gi gin ®— [C=ICO=D Gin gin C - [S=IE—D @ @snd- JE Gi sng = ERICA) iy gin — JOH (by ca 2 ab © F z 5 Eg 1 2.2 Area of Triangle If 4 represents the area of a triangle ABC, then area of a=1(acx 4p) [: a = Lacesing) {assin = 1 “ soa = > acsinB A apebsinc Also, sin C= 5 “pyT 344 Suopnjosnpg oFY Jo uoY 1 A= 5 absinc Similarly a=} besinA 1 v4 1. abe, Hence a=} ab sin C= 5 be sin A= > casinB= 5° F Notes: + Area of a triangle in terms of sides (Heron’s Formula) 4 4 AA a=} besinA= 4 be.2sin * cos S (CEDICETS ICED be be \ be 4 88 —a)6—b)is—e) (C___RaoliT Academy @&) Website: wwwraolit.com _»)Rao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine @Rao IIT Academy + Area ofa triangle in terms of one side and sine of three angles a =f besin a= 4 (k sin B)(k sin). sin ay wtp 1 (2) = Le sinasina sinc» 4 (585) sinA.sinB sinc sinB sinG _ b? sinA sin _ ¢2 sin sinB “ sin A 2 sinB sinc Mustration 08 : Solutio, 23 @ A variable triangle ABC is circumscribed about a fixed circle of unit radius . Side BC always touches the circle at D and has fixed direction . If B and C vary in such a way that BDxCD =2 then locus of vertex A will be a straight line (A) parallel to side BC (B) right angle to side BC (©) making an angle & with BC (D) making an ange sin* (2} with BC BD =(s—b), CD=(s—c) => (s-b)(s-c)=2 => s(s—a) (s—b) (s—c) = 25 (s—a) > = £- (radius of increle of triangle ABC) = Now A = aH, where ‘His the distance of “A’from BC. = Sapa ny = H,= 2 constant => Locus of ‘A’ will be a straight line parallel to side BC, Circles Connected with Triangle Circum circle The circle which passes through the angular points of a 4 ABC, is called its citcumcircle. The centre of this circle i.e., the point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides ofthe AABC , is called the circumeenter Radius of the circumeircle is given by the following formulae abe QsinA ZsinB Zein 4a Notes: The circum-centre may lie within, outside or upon one of the sides of the triangle, In a right angled triangle, the circum -centre is the mid point of the hypotenuse. C Rao IIT Academy @©@ _ website: www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | i) (ii) Incircle ‘The circle which can be inseribed within the triangle so as to touch each of the sides of the triangle is called its incircle, The centre of this circle i.e, the point of concurrency of angle bisectors of the triangle is called the incentre of the A ABC Radius of the Incircle is given by the following formulae a A B tan & A.B. =(8~a)tan $ = (—b) tan F = (sc) tan F =AR sin S sin F sin $ Escribed Circles ‘The circle which touches the side BC and the two sides AB and AC produced is called the scribed circle opposite the angle A. Its centre and radius will be denoted by I, and, respectively. Radii of the excireles are given by the following formulae , © (s-cjoo® = 4 058 cos & @ ~b}oots =(s-c}oot> = 4R sin 5 cos 5 cos 5 ia B c A A,B c iy) F = (s-a)ooty =(s-c)eot3=4 R eos F sin F cos F c 8 A A oc Bain & ii S <(5-a}cot = (s-bjeot - 4 cos 8 sin £ (ii) 3 Joot5 =(s-bjeot > = 4 R eos 5 cos 5 sin F 1 Circum Circle Cireum radius (R) — @ Tain ~ Tein ~ Zain in abe wy RE 2. Incircle 4 Inradius (r) @ z r A 8 c (i) > (a) tan 5 = (s—b) tan 5 > (Se) tan > B gink sin§ sind = 20g sin b gong cos cos csinA sin8 See cos Rao lIT Academy © “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine @Rao IIT Academy Eseribed Circles Exradii(,.r.4) @ Gi) Gi) 1,4 Rsin 4 cos & cos S 5 =4Reos & sin $ cos $ 1,=4Reos © cos $ sin Regular Polygon (® — Arregular potygon i polygon which has all its sides equal and all the angles equal Ifthe polygon have ‘n’ angles we have by geometry, n times its angles + 4 right angles =2n right angles an-4 Hence, each angle = right angles = 5 radians, (ii) Radii of the inscribed and circumscribing circle of a regular polygon. Let AB, BC and CD be three successive sides of the polygon and let “n’ be the number of its sides. Bisect the angles ABC and BCD by the lines BO and CO which meet in © and draw OL perpendicular to BC. It is easily seen that O is the centre of both the incircle and the circumeircle of the polygon and that BL equals LC. Hen we have OB = OC = R, the radius of the circumeircle and OL = r, the radius of the incircle, The angle BOC is 1th ofthe sum ofall the angles subtended at O by the sides, 4 right angles 2n ie, ZBOC © radians Hrenee,/BoL~ 4/0 Ifa’ be a side of the polygon, wehavea=BC=2BL=2Rsin BOL=2R sin 2 > R= z 2 == 8 cosse Zo (1) Again, a= 2 BL= 2 OL tan BOL = 2rtan Pian E Zoot wn (2) C Rao IIT Academy ©) website: www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | (iil) Area of Regular Polygon : ‘The area of the polygon is ‘n’ times the arca of the triangle BOC. Hence, the area of the polygon = nx} OL. BC=n. OL. BL=n. BL cot LOB. BL =n cot o an expression for the area in terms of the side, Also, the area = n. OL. BL=n.OL.OL tan BOL =n tan * Q) Again, the area =n, OL. BL =n . OB cos LOB . OB sin LOB 2n aR cos = sin — 5 R? sin a) 2 ‘The formulae (2) and (3) give the area in terms of the radians of the inscribed and circumscribed. circles Mlustration 09 If ina triangle ABC sin A, sin B and sin C are in A.P, then the altitudes are in (A) AP. (B) HP. (©) GP. (D) None of these Solution If p,,Py»P, arcaltitude from A,B,C respectively , 1 then A= Sap, 2a Spry Pe b ¢ By the law of sines, => = 5 = 5S =k (say) 28 2a 2a PL sink * Ps sin * Ps sinc Now, sin A, sin B, sin C are in A.P. = Py, PyeP, are in IP. Hence (B) is the correct answer. Mlustration 10: acosA + beosB + coosC Ina AABC, the value of asb+e (A) Bir (B)R2r (©) oR (D) WR C Rao IIT Academy © _ Website: wwwura “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine @Rao IIT Academy beosB + ecosC _ 2RsinAcosA +2RsinBoosB + 2RsinCcosC asbie 25 — R 4R abe abe Fp 4sin A. sin B. sin = FE. 225 = Bee (sin 2 A+ sin 2B ~sin 26) But abe aa tos 4aR + Hence (C) is the correct answer. So.the value= TORE R Mlustration 1: The area of a circle is A, and the area of a regular pentagon inscribed in the circle is A, .'Then ASAis © cog 2m seg (A) J eos & B) F see © Solution Inthe AOAB,OA=OB~=r and ZAOB ar(AAOB)~ 4 .r.1.sin 72° 2 cos 18° 2x0? Sr cost 8 Hence A,:A, Mlustration 12: Ir'the circle with altitude AD of A ABC as diameter intersect AB and AC at the point E and F ; then EF is equal to A A » 28 NR B) oR oz (D) None of these Solutio IntringleABC 2 =2R=AD =>EF=ADsinA = 4 Mlustration 13 : nea ace na AaB +a a A a @> oF = LILS. (e-a) | @-b)_ 4 y (s=a ~a) (S22) + @—b) (S22) 8829 0 t] teal) aol) = (S=a)(b~ 6) + (s-b) (o-a) + (So) (@ so be Thus, 2 C Rao IIT Academy ®‘Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS (2) Birra nt Qi Q2 Qa Qs Q6 Q7 Qs Qo Qu0 Ina triangle ABC, (+c is equal to {oxB reor$) 2 A cot (Aja (B) 2a 2 ©bte (D) 2(b+c) 4 Ina triangle ABC, if =6,b =3 and cos (A~B) = 5 , then area of the triangle is equal to (A) 6 sq.units (B)8 squunits (©) 9 squunits (D) 12 sq.units ALS B20 a Ina triangle ABC, if tan 4 = § and tan 3 = 3, thon (A) a+b=2c (8) ate=2b © b+c=2a () atb=3¢ If the angles ofa triangle are 30° and 45° and the included side is (V3 +1) om, then the area of the triangle is 2 3-1 VB (A) (v3 -+1) em’ 5 m m? (A) (V3+1) © So oe Ina right angled triangle, (r + 2R) is equal to : s (A)s (B)2s Os (D) 3s Ina triangle ABC, if r,=2r,=3r,, then a:b (A)4:3, (B)5:4 (C)6:5 (D) None of these If 1 is the incentre of a triangle ABC, then 1A :IB:1C is same as ay sin :sin® :sin& B) cos :cos® sos & “ 2 2 2 ®) 200272 ©) tan stan B stan € (D) cosee (©) tan} stan > stan () eosee> Inatriangle ABC, if = r+7+% then 24 = A B) oF oF “ OF oF 4 ola Ina triangle ABC, If c= Sunits, b= 12units, a = 13units then distance from A to side BC is (a) Sumit By eats ©) Suits py units ‘)y3us Oy - Op OG - Ima triangle whose sides are in the ratio 4 : 5: 6, then the ratio of the circum-radius and the in radius of triangle is equal to (2:1 (B)3:2 os (D) 16:7 C RaollT Academy @) Website: www.raolit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine @Rao IIT Academy Qu Qu2z Qua Qus Qs Qui7 Qs Quy Q.20 Iftwo regular polygons of n and 2n sides have the same perimeter, then their areas are in the ratio: at a) x 2cos—:|1—-cos— 2cos— (A) Boos] Leos (B) 2e03— ff (©) 2sin [ies] (oy 2sin In an acute angled triangle ABC, if rtm, +m and A> then (A) b420<2a<2b42c (B) bs 4e<4a<2b+4e () b+ 4e<4a<4b+4e () b+e<3a<3b+3e («-#)sin Asin Inatriangle ABC, if Abe the area of tiangle and 4 # B, then So — 2sin(A—B) A 4 we @> ma i Je ABC, sin? 4 sin? 2 sin Ina triangle ABC, sin’ $-+.sin* 3 A) 2-2 (B) pie 2-5 os ore 1 Je ABC, 1? cot cot cor = Ina triangle ABC, 1? eat eot oot Aa (B) 24, (3a (D) 4a La In ABC, ifa~ 30, b= 24, ¢= 18, then 2 wi2s (B) 2113 (32:1 (132 For any acute angle @, if sind = where a,b,c are the sides of a triangle ABC, then be A co: bre. 2 (A) cost (B) sind (C) cord (D) tnd Ifarea of an isosceles triangle is /2 +1 and vertical angle is 45° then the base of the triangle is (Al (B)2 © (Dp) 241 If a, £,y are the lengths of the altitudes of A ABC drawn from vertices A,B,C to opposite 0s A c0sB , cosC sides respectively, then BY yt pF 52 pt (A) 55 By OR OZ Ina wiangle ABC, if 2-1 R)~b + e then maximum value of angle dis (A) 60° (B) 120° (C) 90" (D) 135" C RaollTAcademy @Q) Website: www.raolit.com _)‘Rao IIT Academy Ene b 2A Q21 Intriangle ABC, if —* ="=> =", then value of tan’ > is Mas Lu u 12 Op Bs OZ Oz Gime Q.22 Inatriangle ABC, if a b=14 and = 15, then A_l (A) A=84 (Bsin=Fz_—_ (©) EosA Q.23 Ina triangle ABC if a =18,b=24 ande =30, then “ Bn=12 (©n=18 (D) 4 =38 Q24 Inatriangle ABC, if a= 13, b=4 and cos C=— 5, then red (B),-8 (_-4 (D) a-24 Q.25 In any triangle which of the following is /are true Arnrnaa Byrn tnrytyy tots 14,444 ot+tet ptststyte Ong s Ona ate o Q.26 If I,1,, I,andI, be respectively the centres of the incircle and the three escribed circles ofa triangle ABC , then ; se abe un tan ® tan £ (A)IA.IB.IC = abe tan 5 tan 5 tan $ (B) II, 1, TL (© (MY (bY = (sh) =U) +e 6Rr wo MeI9-16-ear eo Fea’ Perron naa od Passage - 1 Ina AABG, if a=18, Q.27. Value of sin A = = 24 and ¢=30, then 3 4 o2 (A) 5 A (B) 5 (©) 3 Q.28 Value of 608 jg equal to 2 1 AW To (@B) Yio (c) Yio (D) Vs Q.29 Area of AABC is (A) 108 squnits—(B) 154 squmits (©) 208 squmit—_(D) 216 squnits (C__RaoliTAcademy @&)_— Website: wwwsraolit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy — A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine Rao IT Academy Passage - 2 ABC is a triangle in which the line joining I (in-centre) and O (circum-centre) of the triangle is parallel to side BC, b > c. Ifr is the in-radius and R is the circum-radius then 30 (cosB+-cosC) is equal to yt or ne Oz OF ol OMe Q31 Distance between the incentre and circumcentre is / BY ( B r{ tan 4 cot S r}eot A-tanS (a) r{un—cor$ «wy rfoot an) {san ® cin 4) ( BY +) r{ tan 3 —sin A 7 cot A+tan> © r|enz-sin) "| 2) 32 Area of the triangle BIC is equal to Lite) : (A) ABoc (B) {(A4BC) (AaBc) (D) Asoc Passage - 3 Ina triangle if the sum of two sides is x and their product is y(x22Jy) such that (x+2)(x-z)= y where z is the third side of the triangle, then Q.33. Greatest angle of the triangle is (A) 105" (B) 120° (©) 135" ) 150° Q34 Circum radius of the triangle is (Ay2z ®5 Oz Q.35 _In-radius of the triangle is » 2 ye WEA Mz © Fer © Fo ero Q38 Q39 40 b2sin2C +c? sin26, Ina triangle ABC, value of + is equal to is equal to Ina tiangle ABC, if A= 4 then vatueof (11 212) (1 Ina AABC, if b+e~3a, then value of cot $ cot £ is If radius of the circumcircle ofa AABC is 4 units and D, E,, F are the feet of perpendicular Grawn from the vertices to the opposite sides, then radius of the circumeircle of A DEF is Ina triangle ABC the in-circle touches the sides at D,E,F. Let radius of in-circle is 4 units and BD,CE and AF be three consecutive natural numbers. If *k’ be the length of middle side then sum of digits of “kis C Rao IIT Academy ©) website : www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | 3.1 Centroid and Medians of a Triangle ‘The line joining any vertex of a triangle to the mid point of the opposite side of the triangle is called the ‘median of the triangle. The three medians of a triangle are concurrent and the point of concurrency of the medians of any triangle is called the centroid of |g the triangle. The centroid divides the median in the ratio 2: 1 In the given triangle ABC, D, E and F respectively are mid points of BC, AC, AB and the lines AD, BE, CF are called the medians and the intersection point G is called the centroid. 7 Notes: 2 2 2 + aG-Zap; BG=FBE ; cG-3cr + length ofthe median, AD= 4 Jb re" abec08A = 1/25" 207-2" . BE= } ac? +20? 0 and cr Mlustration 14: If D is the mid point of the side BC of a triangle ABC and AD is perpendicular to AC, then (A) 3b= a (B) 3a=b-3e (©) B= (D) @+b=5e Solution From the right angled A CAD, we have . dD, cos c= 5 S, ab? , \ - 2ab Bebe aad = = 3b, ‘Hence (A) is the correct answer. a2 ° al2 Ilustration 15 Ina triangle ABC, medians AD and CE are drawn . IFAD =, DAC = § and ZACE then the area of the triangle ABC is equal to : 25 25 25 10 A> Bz Om Oz Solution : Let 0 be the point of intersection of the medians of triangle ABC. Then the area of A ABC is 2 10 AD three times that of AAOC . Now, in AAOC, AO = 5 3 ‘Therefore, applying the sine rule to AAOC, we get (C___RaoliT Academy @)_— Website: wwwsraolit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IIT Academy oc __Ao 40 sin Tas) an > CCT Stas} atea of AAOC= } . AO. OC . sin ZAOC sin 18) sintnia) 1 10 10 (z 233 sin? 50 sin(n/8) cos (w8) 50 _ 25 O° sina] eS 25 _ 25 area of AABC=3. 2 => Hence (B) is the correct answer Mlustration 16 = Ina triangle ABC a5 ,b=4 and ~3. ‘G’ isthe centroid of the triangle. Circumradius of triangle GAB is equal to = 5 J Boe og 5 By (A) 28 @) BB © 38 @) 548 Solution : 2 2 AG= 5 AA, BG=5 BB => AG=1/3\2b? + 20? -2? and BG = 1/3 2a? +20? - & ac-t = G=5 ® + © If *R,” be the circumradius of triangle GAB then _ (AG)(BG)(AB)_ 5 2 “ances = 3°34 Mlustration 17: If a, band A are given in a triangle and C,, then C+ C?-2C,C, cos 2A (A) 42? sin’ A (By aR? (C) 4a cost A (D) 22 are the possible values of the third side, Solution C Rao IIT Academy © _ website: www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy | Solutions of Triangle | b? +0? a? cos A= => -2becosA+b?—a?=0, which is quadratic in ‘c* Cy + C2 = 2b 608A @ and C,C, =b?-a? | Hence C+ C?-2C,C, cos 2A =(C,+C,P-2€,C,-€,C, cos 2A =(C,+C,P-2€,C, (1 +608 2A) =4 dE costA-2 (b?= at). 2 cos*A =4a cos’ A Mlustration 18 Perpendiculars are drawn from the angular points A,B and C of an acute angled triangle ABC on the oposite sides and produced to meet the circumscribing circle . Ifthese produced Parsbe a bye a, 8 and y respectively, then , a By tan A +tan B+tanC 1 wi 2 oF 3 Solution : Let AD be perpendicular from Aon BC , When AD is produced, it meets the circumscribing circle at E From question , DE = a Since, angle in the same segment are equal, Z AEB= 2 ACB=C and Z AE B BO From the right angled triangle BDE, tanC= pe... (@) , co From the right angled triangle CDE, tan B= GE (ii) ‘ Adding (i) and (i) we get, tan B + tanC. 2 b c Similarly tan C+ tan A= and tan A+ tan B= £ =2 (tan A+ tan B+ tan ©) C Rao IIT Academy © _ Website: wwwura “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy — A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. PRACTICE PROBLEMS e Single answer choice type Q.LAsquare whose side is 2 em has its comers cut away so as to form a regular octagon. Then, area of the octagon is (A) 8y2 sq.units (B) 8(V2 -1) squnits (©) 12V2 sqamits (D) 12(V2-1) squnits Q.2__ If ‘2a’ be the side of an n-sided regular polygon , R is the circum-radius and r be the in- radius,then (R+r) is equal to (ay aca waco sin (0) stn Q.3 In given figure, AB is the diameter of circle whose radius is ‘r’, If 2 COA = 60° , where O be the centre then length of CD is (A) y2r ®B) V3r Ow ©) 3 Q4 Ina MBC, leta e, C=23" and AD=7=—S then 7B = (ay or" (B) 13" 83" (py 53" x In triangle ABC, medians AD and BE are drawn. If AD =4,2DAB ="~ and CABE the area of the A ABC is 5 16 32 oo 32 (AZ saunits — (B) 57 saunits — (©) 57 squnits —(D) sq. units Ifthe hypotenuse of a right angled triangle is four times the length of the perpendicular drawn fiom opposite vertex to it, then the difference of two acute angles is (A) 30° Bas’ (©) 60" 7s x Tnatriangle ABC, if 24= and AD is a median, then (AUD + + be (B)44D= 2+ B+ be (©) 6ADP= 2+ 8+ be (D)3ADP= 2+ 8+ be If f,g,h are the length of intemal bisectors of angles A,B,C respectively ofa A ABC then LooA Le BL € Toor s Looe + hoor is ual to wl yt bre OW ea Ifthe roots of the equation x? +2(a+b-+c}x+3\(ab+be-+ca)=0 are real and distinct, where ZR & a,b,c are the sides of a scalen triangle ABC, then 4 5 5 <= = ey AE was (@)r>? («5 45 Ae|=.2| weft In an equilateral triangle, 3 coins of radii 1 unit each are kept so that they touch each other and also the sides of the triangle. Area of the triangle is 7 (A) (4+2N3) sq.units (B) (6+4V3) sq.units . We (5,73 © (12022) sais © (+2) sania C RaollT Academy _@{)__ Website: www.raolit.com _») “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy — A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qs Q21 Q22 Q.23 Q.24 Where a,b and care the lengths of 2sin P-sin2P the sides of the triangle opposite tothe angles at P,Q and R respectively. Then 75 55 equals AZ By) o(A) (8) 4A ®) gn \4a) 4a} IPR is the circum-radius and ‘r’is the in-radius of a triangle ABC, then distance between circumcentre and orthocentre is : (A) Ryi-8c0s Acos BcosC (B) JR? -2Rr (C) RYI=4 cos Acos B cosC (D) JR? -2r Circe eek IfABC whi ea tiangle, th ‘ofthe followings can be tru (A) a=5,b=Tand sinA= 3 (B)20=3a, an A= 3 (C)A=30°, b=8 and a=6 (D)B=30°, C= 130°, b=75 Ina triangle ABC, ifa, b and A are given. If ¢, and c, are two possible values of third side such that a, then angle A can be (A) 30° (B) 60° (©) 150° (D) 120° Internal angle bisector of 2 A of triangle ABC meets side BC at D. A line drawn through D perpendicular to AD intersects the side AC at E and the side AB at F. If a, b, © represent sides of AABC then bo A dbo A (A) AD= Fo cos 4 () EF = PS sin $ (C) AB is HM of bande (D) the triangle AEF is isos c= asin? 4 In a triangle ABC with fixed base BC, the vertex A moves such that cos B + cos = 4sin? = If.a.b and c denote the lengths of the sides of the triangle opposite to the angles A, B and C respectively, then (brenda (B)b+e=2a (C) locus of point A is an ellipse (D) locus of point A is a pair of straight lines. l In a triangle PQR, P is the largest angle and cos P=—. Further the incircle of the triangle touches the sides PQ, QR and RP at N, Land M respectivetely, such that the lengths of PN, QL and RM are consecutive even integers. Then possible length(s) of the side(s) of the triangle is (are) 16 (B18 (24 (p22 ita Passage - 1 In an acute angled triangle ABC, points D and £ are taken on side BC such that C Rao IIT Academy ©) __ website: www.raoi‘Rao IIT Academy Ene BD = DE = EC, If|ADC = |ABB = 6, then Q25 und = 5 3 (A)2 tan B (B)3tunB (©) zt B (oy 5298 Q.26 Iftand +3, then tan d= ay —ouand B) 3tand D A) ae—9 ( oO) Q27 tan? @= 2A 24 +) a2 A (A) door? B) Scot? C) 3001? 4 1D) 9eot (A) 4cot) 2 ( z (C) 3cot! 2 (D) 9eot Passage - 2 Let AL, BM and CN are diameter of the circumeircle of an acute angled triangle ABC. If A, A,, Ay and A are the areas of the triangles BLC, CMA, ANB and ABC respectively, then Q.28 A, isequalto (A) 2R? sin Acos Bos C (B) 2R? sin Asin BcosC (©) 28? cos Acos Bsin C (©) 2R* sin Asin BsinC 29 (A, +A, +A,) isequalto (A) 2A B 3A Oa (D) none of these Q.30 If BL? + CM? + AN? =x and CL? + AM? + BN? (A) ety (D) x y=8s? roo Q31__ Inatriangle ABC, tangents parallel to the sides are drawn to the incircle. If x,y, are the length of the parts of the tangents within the triangle opposite to sides a,b,c respectively, then value of, ) X27) isequalto (Rez) Q.32__Intriangle ABC, medians AD and BE intersect at right angle, then value of Q.33_Inascalentriangle ABC, ifthe line joining orthocentre and centroid is parallel to BC, then value of (tan B tan C) is Q.34__ Theperimeter of aright angled triangle is 6 times the smaller side, If is the smallest angle of the triangle then value of (I2tan a’) is If be the angle formed by medians drawn from the vertices of the acute angles of an isosceles right angled triangle, then value of (10sin) is C Rao IIT Academy | Website : wwwura “pyT-14d Suopnjosnpg owy Jo uoystar Vy — Aw9pESY LIT OFARao IIT Academy ~ A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Wine ®Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS -1 1 [Al 2 [A] 3. Bl 4. [P] 5. [BI 6 (BI 7. [Al 8. [A] 9. [A] 10. {C] 1. (By) 12, {C] 13. [C] 14, (D] 15. [DI 16. 1D] 17. BD 18, [C] 19. [A] 20. [Cc] 21. [BD] 22, [ACD] 23. [BCD] 24, [ABC] 25. [ABC] 26. [AB] 21. [cD] 29. [BI 30. [A] 31. BI 32. [A] 34. (1) 35. [4] 36. [5] 37. [8] 38. 2] 39. [4] 40. [7] PRACTICE PROBLEMS -2| 1 By 2 3 Bl 4. BI 5. [A] 6. [BI 7 Dl 8. DI 9. [BI 10. [D] i. (B) 12. [D] 13. [D] 14, [1D] 15. [A] 16, [A] 17. [A] 18, [B] 19, [D] 20. [Cc] 21, [BI 22, [ABCD] 23. [ABCD] _—24. [ABD] 25,[ ABCD] 26, [ABC] 27. [A] 28, [C] 29. [D] 30. [C] 31. [A] 32. [A] 33. [B] 34, [D] 35. [C] 36. [4] 37. BI 38. [2] 39. [2] 40. [5] 1 Bl 2 [B) 3. [BI 4. [D] 5. (D] 6. [BI 1 1G 8& [Cl] 9. [BI 10. [A] I. BB 12. [B] 13. {C] 4, [Bl] 15. [C] 16. [A] 17. (B 18. [C] 19. [A] 20. [BCD] 21, [BD] 22. [ABCD] 23. [BC] 24. [BD] 25. [B] 26. [A] 21. (D] 28. [A] 29. [C] 30. [B] 31. [1] 32. [5] 33. 3] 34. [5] 35. [6] (C___RaollTAcademy —_@J)_ Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IIT Academy pQp;Rao olIT Academy e Symbol of Excellence and Perfection V9’ JEE | MEDICAL-UG | BOARDS | KVPY | NTSE | OLYMPIADS JEE-MAIN + ADVANCED MATHEMATICS PROBABILITY C RaoliT Academy 2) Website: www.raolit.com _») ONNJOsNPy oFY Jo UoIsTAICE V—AMPEIY LTT OCA “PIT Ha saRao IIT Academy -ADi Eu @Rao LIT Academy S.NO. TOPIC NAME PAGE NO. 11 Terms and Definitions Used in Probability 31 1.2. Definition of Probability 33 13. Set Theoretic Principles 35 Practice Problems - 01... . 38 2.1, Conditional probability .....nnoninnnmninnnininnnnininnnnennn 44 2.2. Independent Events... 45 2.3. Pair-wise independent events 45 2.4 Mutually independent Events ... 45 Practice Problems - 02 = = cee AT 3.1, Total Probability Theorem «nun 53 3.2. Baye’s Theorem 54 Practice Problems - 03 55 4.1, Random Variable and Probability Distribution ....nu:nnnennennnn 61 4.2. Bernoulli Trials 61 4.3. Binomial Distribution 62 Practice Problems - 04.. + 63 5. Answer Sheet ... 270 C Rao IIT Academy ©) Wesite : www.raolit.com >Rao IIT Academy xa 4.4 ddd 112 113 14.4 Terms and Definitions Used in Probability Random Experiment Anexperiment is called random if (@ _allthe outcomes ofthe experiment are known in advance (i) the exact outcome of any specific performance of the experiment is unpredictable ic. not known inadvance, Example: (0 Tossing acoin ii) Rolling die (ii) Drawing.a card from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards Sample Space ‘A set whose elements represent all possible outcomes of a random experiment is called the sample space and is usually represented by ‘S’. Consider the experiment of tossing a die. If we are interested in the number on the top face, then sample space would be S, = {1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6}. Ifwe are interested only in whether the number is even or odd, then sample space is S, = {even, odd}. Clearly more than one sample space can be used to describe the outcomes of an experiment, In this case ‘S,’ provides more information than ‘S,’.Ifwe know which elementiin §, occurs, we can tell which outcome in S, occurs; however, knowledge of ‘what happens in, in no way helps us to know which element in S, occurs. In general itis desirable to use a sample space that gives the maximum information concerning the outcomes ofthe experiment Sample Point Each element of the sample space is called a sample point. Event Ancvent is a subset of the sample space. An outcome or the result ofa random experiment is called an event. The event can be either an elementary event ora composite event. Exampl ( _ whiletossingofacoin we may get head upwards, or tail upwards. Now getting head upwards isan event or getting tail upwards is also an event. (i) When a dic is rolled, sample space is S= {1,2,3,4,5, 6}. Let A= {1,3, 5} B= {2,4,6}, C= (1, 2,3, 4}. Here A is the event of occurrence of an odd number, B is the event of occurrence of an even numberand C isthe event of occurrence of a number less than 5, C RaollT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. 14s LL 119 1.1.10 Simple Event / Elementary Event Aneventiscalled a simple event, itis a singleton subset ofthe sample space S The possible outcome or the result of a random experiment that can not be split further is called an elementary or simple event Exampl hhe event of getting head upwards is an elementary even Composite Event / Compound Event A subset of the sample space S which contains more than one element is called a compound event. The possible outcome or the result ofa random experiment that can be further spit into more than one elementary event is called a composite event. Example: Getting a face with odd number of points upwards in rolling of a die isa composite event, since it can be divided further into three elementary events namely Event of getting face with one point upwards Event of getting a face with three points upwards. Event of getting a face with five points upwards. Briefly speaking a combination of two or more number of elementary events is called a composite event. Equally likely Events Asetof events is said to be equally likely if taking into consideration all the relevant factors there is no reason to expect one of them in preference to the others. ‘When one event does not occur mote number of times than any one ofthe other events ie, ifall the events occur same number of times then they are equally likely events. Example: when a fair coin is tossed, the occurrence of a tal or a head are equally likely Complementary Events Let Abe an event. Then complement of A is denoted by 4" (or A or A") which means “A does not IfAdenotesan event then 4° denotes an event which includes all the sample points not included in A. Example: The complementary event of an odd number falling up in throw ofa die is the turning up of an even number, Independent Events ‘Two or more events are said to be independent if occurrence or non-occurrence of any of them does not influence the occurrence or non occurrence of other events. Example : Ifa unbiased coin is tossed anda fair die is rolled simultaneously, then the out come on the coin does not influence the out come on the die. Exhaustive Events ‘The events of a random experiment ae said to be exhaustive, ifthe occurrence of any one of them isa certainty, C RaoliT Academy &) Website: www.raolit.com _)Rao IIT Academy xa 1 41.2. 12d 1.2.2 Asset ofevents is said to be exhaustive, ifthese include all possible outcomes of the Random Experiment Assystem of events is said to be exhaustive ifon each performance of the experiment at east one of the events of the system is must to occur. Inset theoretic notation, eventsA,,A,....,A, arcexhaustiveit UJA\ Ps Example : (i) On throwing ofa die, the events {1,2}, {2,3,4}, {5} and {4,5,6} forman exhaustive system of events. (i) Intossingofa coin tis certain that either the head will tam upwards or the tail will tam. upwards. So head & tail put together are called as exhaustive events. Mutually Exclusive Events Asset of events is said tobe mutually exclusive ifthe occurrence of one of them precludes the occurrence of any of the remaining events ‘Two events A and B are said to be M.E. or disjoint when both cannot happen simultaneously in a single trial or experiment. ic, 408 =6 In et theoretic notation, events A,,A,,...,A_are mutually exclusive if Aj VA; =@ for i + j and Isi,js m Example: when we throw a pair of dice, the events “a sum of 5 occurs”, “a sum of 7 occurs” and “a sum of 9 occurs” are mutually exclusive. jon of Probability Classical (OR) Mathematical Definition of Probability Ifthere are ‘n’ exhaustive mutually exclusive and equally likely out comes of an experiment and ‘m' of them are favourable to an event A. nA) Then the probability ofthe happening of Ais denoted by P(A)= 7 (5) ~ sis Clearly P(A) is a non-negative number not greater than unity. So 0 < P(A) $1 (Odds in Fayour and Odds Against an Event ‘Asa result of an experiment, ot pt Oe 70 OFS O%s Ina room there are 6 couples. Out of them if 4 are selei ed at random, then the probability that two couples are selected is, As 1 3 Og OF IfAand B are two events such that P(ay=2, P(B)=2 and P(A: 8)=4, then P(4n8) 5 3 1 2 w} By OF Mz ‘IfAand Bare two mutually exclusive events, then the relation between (4) and P(2) is (A) P(a)2P(@)——(B) PB)sP(Z)—— (©) P(B)=PLA)—(D) PL) < PLA) Three students A, B and C are to take part ina swimming competition. The probability of A's winning or B's winning each is 3 times the probability of C’s winning. The probability of C’s winning if there is no ticis 4 3 1 (at > © Ms 5 different Engineering, 4 different Mathematics and 2 different Chemistry books are placed in a shelf at random, The probability that the books of each kind are all together is sia! sista. st6! 4121 war ea oF oF Apack of cards is distributed among four hands equally. The probability that 5 spades, 3 clubs, 3 hearts and the rest diamonds may bein a particular hand is From a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards two cards are drawn at random. The probability that either both are red or both are kings is «a RaoliT Academy Website: www.raolit.comQui Qu2z Qus Qs Qs Qs Quiz ‘Three balls drawn from a bag containing are 4 red, 3 black and 5 white balls. The probability of drawing 2 balls of the same colourand one is of different colour is, 5 15 2» 31 NG By OG (D) tos Amonkey seated before a type writer with 26 keys on the key board denoting the English alphabet. ‘Then the probability for that monkey to type the word ‘SIR’ is, 2, at 1y 3 AGH Bx, © (4) 56 Mr. A gave his telephone number to Mr. B. Mr.B remembers that the first two digits were 40 and the remaining four digits were two 3s, one 6 and one 8, He isnot certain about the order of the digits. Mr. B dials 403638. The probability that he will get A’s house is L i »t 1 Wz @; Og Oz Three persons A, B and C are to speak at a function with 5 other persons. Ifthe persons speak in random order, the probability that A speaks before B and C speaks before A in that order is we eg oF Mz Consider a lottery that sells ,? tickets and awards n prizes. Ifone buys n tickets the probability of his ‘winning si... getting t least one prize is (r=) wr or 2n boys are randomly divided into two subgroups containing boys each. The probability thatthe two tallest boys are in different groups is 8 (0) 1 i oy Ot oe 2a-i ‘There are 9999 tickets bearing numbers 0001, 0002,...., 9999, Ifone ticket is selected from these tickets at random, the probability that the number on the ticket will consist of all different digits, is- (A) 5040/9999 (B)5000/9999 (C) 5030/9999 (Dy none of these Areal number x is selected atrandom from the solution set of the equation x” ~3x-28<0. The (x4 DQr=2) (x 20is 3 * probability that 4 8 3 As By OF (D) None of these C RaoliT Academy Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qs Quy Q.20 Qui Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q.26 There are n letters and n addressed envelopes. The probability that all the letters are not kept in the right envelope, is 1 1 1 wa Bra @i1-7 (D)None of these Inaconvex hexagon two diagonals are drawn at random. The probability that the diagonals intersect atan interior point ofthe hexagon is, a Be ot Dea wp @y Ox OF ‘Two numbers ‘a’ and bare chosen atrandom from the numbers 1, isdivisibleby is 130, The chance that a? —b? RB ny 1S. Bis a) @ 7 OF Og 7 Ona symmetrical dic the numbers 1, -1, 2,-2, 3 and 0 are marked on its 6 faces. If such a die is thrown 3 times, the probability that the sum of points on them is 6 is wes Bs OF On A bag contains 50 tickets numbered 1, 2, 3, .. 50 of which five are drawn at random and arranged in ascending order of magnitude (x, oz mt 8 Oy V6 4 Appoint is randomly chosen inside the circumeircle of an equilateral triangle. Find the probability that it lies inside the inscribed circle of that triangle. i 1 ot pt Wz ®5 Oz oO; C RaoliT Academy (J) Website: www.raolit.com _)@Rao IIT Academy xa Qu7 Q28 Q29 Each coefficient in the equation ax’ + bx -+.e= O is determined by throwing an ordinary die. Find the probability thatthe equation will have equal roots. 5 ae ®@ se One O x6 The chance of one event happening isthe square of the chance ofa second event, but odds against the first are the cubes of the odds against the second . The probability of first, second are 1 Om “ 9° 729 da ®) O36 1 3 ‘There are 10 stati ns between Aand B.A train is to stop at three of these 10 stations. The probability B) S= (1, 2,3, ...20} if3 numbers are chosen at random from S, the probability for they are in A.P. is 3 OR wy 3 Gmmnrtiukaeec) Qai The probabilities of three events A, B and C are P(A) = 0.6, P(B)=0.4, P(C)=0.5. If P(AUB) = 0.8, P(ANC)=03,P(ANBAC)=0.2 and P(A BUC) 2 0.85. If PBC) ES, then $ contains (A) [0.2,0.25] (B) [0.4,0.65] (C) [0.31,0.35] (D) [0.25,0.4] Cards are drawn one by one without replacement untill two aces are drawn, Let P(t) be the probability that the event occurs in exactly m trials, then P(m) must be zero at (Aym=2 (B)m=50 (C)m=s1 (D)m=s2 An unbiased die with faces marked 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 is rolled 4 times, Out of face values obtained the probability that (A) The minimum face values 2is (B) The maximum face value is 5is alucis Sis (©)Theminimum face valucis2is = (D) The maximum fa N people are asked a question successively in a random order and exactly 2 of the N people know the answer. Then which of the following statements are correct ? (A)IEN=S, the probability that the first four of those asked do not know the answer is (w=4)(N=3) Ww) C RaoliT Academy Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. ELL @Rao LIT Academy Qs Q36 (B) If N>5, the probability thatthe first four of those asked do not know the answer is 2(N 4-3) NW (C) The probability that ther person asked is the first person to know the answer is 2 WerNwan: fl fl Pp Onsp, (D) PP sz Which of the following statements are true? 6! (A) The probability that birthday of wvelve people will fallin 12 calendar months = +> (B) The probability that birthday of six people will fallin exactly two calendar months is!" (©) The probability that birthday of six people will fallin exactly two calendar months is "°C, (D) The probability that birthday ofn (n < 365) people are different is ——* (365)” rena ed Passage-1 Q37 Q38 Let S be the set of the first 18 natural numbers, Then the probability of Choosing {x,y} © such that x’ + y' is divisible by 3, is 1 1 1 Az Bs OF Oz Choosing {x,y,2} CS such that x, y,zare in A.P.is wt p2 oS p> Ay @Oy © Oy C RaoliT Academy @@) Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IIT Academy xa Q.39 are consecutive is Choosing {x, 42} such thatnotwo of 2.) ea By ot ps WF Ba OF My (tie Q.40 1 If P(AMB) 5 and P(4)=2P(B), Column -1 Column - It 3 A) P(A) Da 2 B) P(B) M5 1 ©) P(4'nB) Rig by Plans 9+ ) P(ANB') 75 cro Qa Qa 43 a4 Qs 46 ‘There are three events A, B and C one of which and only one can happen. The odds are 710 3 against ‘A and 6 to4 against B. The odds against Care nto 3 then nis From bag containing 4 white and 5 black balls, 3 are drawn at random, The odds against the all black balls is 37 ton, then nis being ‘There are three engineers, three IAS officers and one both IAS and engineer, a committee of 3 isto be formed at random. The probability that at least one engineer and at least one IAS officer is in the committee is where m and n are coptime. Then n—m is A football match is played from 4PM to 6 PM. A boy arrives starts) Ifthe probability that he will 1 the match (not before the match the only goal ofthe match which takes place at the 1Sth minute 2 ofthe matchis ©, where H.C. ofpqis then |p -a|= A point (a,b) is chosen at random from the square $ = {(a,b):—1 (BIA) (4) MA) MAY Peay ; P(A)#0 a) P(ANB Thus P(B/A) = eel where 0 0 Hence, P(AMB) ne P(A/B), P(B)>0 + In general P(B/A) » P(4/B) Iustration : 06 Ifa pair of dice is thrown and its known that sum of the numbers is even, then find the probability that thesum is less than 6, Solution : 24d @ @ i) Let Abe the given event and let B be the event, whose probability is to be found. Then Required probability P (2 P(BRA)_ 4/36 _2 PA) 18/369 Rule of Multiplication IfAand B are two events in a sample space S such that P(A) +0 & P(B)*0, then the probability of simultaneous occurrence ofthe two events & Bis givenby P(4-\B)= P(4).P(B/4) = P(B).P(4/B) For three events A,B,C :- P(AM BMC) = P(A).P(B/ A).P(C/AMB) Four events A,B,C, = P(AN BA CnD) = P(A) P(B/A).P(CIAMB).P(D/ AN BAC) C RaoliT Academy QZ) Website: www.raolit.com _)ao IIT Academy Ea (iv) 2.2. 2.3 2.4 Note ‘Suppose A, - A, ben events such that P(A, A) O...0A,) #0, then Ay (x ; o[ Aa Jereaneeranetasiainas P(Ag/ALOA20...0Ag4) I Independent Events ‘Two events A and B are said to be independent if occurrence or non-occurrence of one does not affect the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other, ie., P(B/A)=P(B), P(A) #0. P(AMB) P(A) =P) = PBIA)= => P(ANB)=P(A). P(B) Ifthe events are not independent, then they ate said to be dependent, Pair - wise independent events ‘Three events A. are said to be pair wise independent if P(ANB)=P(A). P(B), P(BAC) =P(B). P(C), P(ANC) = P(A). PCC) Mutually independent Events ‘Three events A, B and C are said to be mutually independent if, P(AMB)=P(A). P(B), P(BAC) = P(B). P(C) .P(AMC) = P(A). PC) and P(AMBAC)=P(A). PB). P(C) (Mutually independent events are pair-wise independent but the converse may not be true. @ — A&Bareindependent, then (a) P(An)=P(4)P(B) (0) P(AUB)= P(A) +P(B)—P(4).P(B) (©) P(4v)=1-P(4).P(B) (i IFA, B & Carethree independent events, then P(4U BUC) =1-P(4).P(B).P(C) (iv) Iftwo events A & Bare independent, then (a) 4 & B areindependent, (b) H & B are independent. (©) A & B areindependent. C Rao IIT Academy © _ Website : www.rao —- “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Iustration : 07 If Aand Bare independent events. Then show that the following pairs of events are also independent @ A adB Gi) a’ and BY Solution : @ — P(A’AB)=P(B)-P(ANB)=P(B)-P(A)PB) (-. Aand Bare independent) =P(B) (1 - P(A) = P(B) P(A’) P(A’) =P((AvBy')= =P(AUB) = 1-[P(A) + P(B)-P(A).P(B)] 1 P(A) —P(B) + P(A). P(B) = (I — P(A) (I = P(B)) = P(A’). P(B'). Mustration : 08 Alot contains 50 defective and 50 non-defective bulbs. Two bulbs are drawn at random, one ata time with replacement. The events A, Band C are defined as under: A= {The irstbulb is defective}, B= {The second bulb is non-defective} C= {The two bulbs are either both defective or both non-defective} Categorize the events A, B and C to be pairwise independent or mutually independent. Solution : on 1 zazandPO)= 5 L 1 P(A)= 5x1=5, P(B)= 1x P(AMB)=P (the firstis defective and the second is non-defective) P(CAA) =P (both the bulbs are defective) = P(AMBNC)=P(4)=0 As P(AMB) = P(A).P(B),P(BC) = P(B).P(C) and P(COA) = P(C)-P(A), the events A, Band Care pairwise independent, Since P(A ABAC)=0 + P(A).P(B).P(C), A, B and C are not mutually independent. (C__RaollTAcademy J) _— Website: www.raoiit.com _»)@Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS (2) Qi Q2 Qa Q4 Qs Qs Q7 Qs Eireneernee ed (B ya) If P|) < PCB), therelationship between P| 5 | and P(A)is 7%) o(4) PL »(4) fA) cop pra) olsen o offre (A) IfA and Bare two events such that P(A) > 0 and p(B) +1, then P(4/B) P48) 1-P(408) PUB) (©) Peay ) (By Two symmetrical dice are thrown ata time. Ifthe sum of points on them is 7, the chance that one of them will showa face with 2 point wt ®t roy Ina single throw of a symmetrical die the probability that a number less than 4 is obtained, given that the throw resulted is an odd number is wt 6 2 3 ot One die and a coin (both unbiased) are tossed simultaneously. The probability of getting 5 on the top of the die and tail on the coin is 1 L 1 t A> Bas OO; @; IFAand Bare two events such that P(4U8)=3, P(4n8)=1,P(4)=2, then Aand Bare (A) dependent events (B) independent events (C) mutually exclusive events (D) mutually exclusive and independent events £,,B, are events of a sample space such that P(E) ~ wt ®@+ @2 3 A pack of cards is distributed to four players asin the game of bridge. The probability that a particular player will not getan ace in three consecutive games is 3x Me, 0) |= ®) ( od J C RaoliT Academy (Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qs Quo qu Qu2 Q13 Qu4 Qus Qs Quiz IfA and B are two independent events such that (4) + and P(8): we os or OF Aand B toss. coin alternately till one of them gets a head and wins the game. The probability of A's ‘winning ifA stars the game is 1 L 2 1 Wy Bs OF + TThe probability that A will fail in an examination is 0.2 and that of B failing is 0.3 The probability that exactly one of them wil fais (A)038 (B)0.35 (0.42 (D)0.62 Two dice are thrown twice. The probability that the Ist throw will givea sum of 7 points and second throw a sum of 11 pointsis, 1 5 1 3 (A) tog ®) ios © ie ©) is India plays two matches each with West Indies and Australia, In any match, the probabilities of India getting points 0, | and 2 are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are inde- pendent, the probability of India getting atleast 7 points is (A) 0.8750 (B) 0.0875 (©)0.0625 (D) 0.0250 Aman altemately tosses a coin and throws a die beginning with coin, The probability that he gets a head before he gets 5 or 6 on the die is i L 3 i (A) Bz OF Og isrolled together till a sum of either 5 or 7 is obtained. ‘Then the probability that 5 comes A By? o4 pt “ BF ©§% Oz An electric bulb will ast for 150 days or more with a probability 0.7 and it will last for atthe most 160 days with probability 0.8. The probability that the bulb will last between 150 and 160 days is (aor (B)03 (jos (0.56 Ifp, and p. are the probabilities of two independent events then (1p, —py + P,P) the probability of- (A) Theirjointoccurrence (B) Occurrence of at least one (©) Occurrence of none of the two (D) Occurrence of only one C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IIT Academy xa Qus Quy Q20 Qu Q22 Q23 Qu Q25 The probabilities that three boys will pass an examination are 1/6, 1/4 and 1/3 respectively. ‘The probability that exactly one boy will pass the examination is - (ay31/72, (By 72 (cyay72 (py nin2 If 4), 4,,4;yA,are n independent events such that P(4, «then the probability that none of the n events occur is 8 1 Aaa Bia Ome Ot, The results of an examination in two papers A and B for 20 candidates were recorded as follows. 8 passed in paper A, 7 passed in paper B, 8 failed in both the papers A and B. If one is selected at random, the probability that the candidate has passed in both the papers A and Bis 4 3 " 1s, OD 8 On Ox Abox contains 100 tickets, numbered I, 2,100. Two tickets are chosen at random one after another with replacement. Itis given that the maximum sum on the two chosen tickets is not more than 10, The minimum sum of them is 5 with probability wi oF? or (A) 4 (B18 (ue (D) 3/4 E and F are independent events such that 0< P(E) © PC) ) P(C)=5 Three players A, Band C toss a coin cyclically in that ordertill ahead shows. Let p be the probability that the coin shows ahead, Let a, and 7 be respectively the probabilities that A, B and C getthe first head, then (A) B=(l-p)a (Bye (y=(l-p)-a (Dye (142) Let 0< P(A) <1, 0 Passage Q34 Q.36 Ifthe events are independent then the events 4, B’ ate also independent, i. P(A B')= P(A‘) P(B') The probability that A,B,C solve a problem is 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 ifthe probability that problem will be solved is or and that the problem is solved by only one of them is 2, then (A) @4B=28/24 (B) a+f=29/24 (C) a-f=1/24 (D) B-a=6/24 ‘The probability ofhitting a shot by three persons A, B,Cis 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, Ifthe probability that exactly two of them hitthe shot is cr and that atleasttwo of them will hit the shot is , then (A) a+ f=28/24 (B) a+ B=29/24 (C) a-B=17/24 (D) a—f=1/24 A bag contains 3 white and 5 black balls and another bag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. One ball is drawn from each bag. Ifthe probability that both are white is a and ff be the probability that both are black, then (A) @+ 8 =28/24 (B) a+f=11/24 (C) @-P=17/24 (D) B—a=6/24 C RaoliT Academy @)) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. ELL @Rao IIT Academy Matrix match type Q37__Aproblemis given to two students A and B whose chances of solvingit are Column -I Column -I1 (A) probability that the problemis solved is Py Tis (B) probability that the problem not solved is ais (©) probability that the problem solved by A only is ROIS (D) probability that the problem solved by B only is s)2s TSS Q.38 A, Baretwo events ofa sample space such that P(A) > 0, P(B)> 0. Column -1 Column - (A) P(AUBy' where A and B are independent events, P) P(ANB) (B) PAU) where A and B are independent events Qi (©) P(AIB) + P(A/B) R)L-P(A).P(B) (D) P(A). P(BIA) S)[-PA)]-PB)] 1)0 1 l Q.39 Let AandB are two independent events sueh that P(4) =" and P(B)=—.Nowmatch the entries from the following two columns. Column -1 Column - A) P(AUB " rs (A) P(AUB) isequal to OD 1 (B) P(A AUB) is equal to @z 2 (©) P(B/A'AB’) is equal to wt (D) P(A B) isequalto (s) 0 oo 3 = and P(AUB)=, then 10P(B| 4) = 3 Q40_ IfAand Baretwo events such that P(A)=5, P( 2 Q.41__ IfAand B are two independent events such that P(B) = pha UB") =0.8 then 10P(A)= (C__RaollTAcademy Website: www.raoiit.com__»)@Rao IIT Academy xa Qa Q.46 piece of equipment will function only when all the three components A, B, C are working. The probability of A failing during one year is 0.15 that of Bis 0.05 and that of Cis 0.10. The probability P 1e equipment will fil before the end of the year is 1-—"—. then the number of prime divisors o that the equipment will fill before the end of the year is !~-[> then the numberof prime divisors of pis ‘A person draws a card from a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Replaces itand shutfles the pack. He continues doing so until he draws a spade. The chance that he fails first two times isp then 16p is Ina shooting test, the probabilities for3 persons A, B, C to hit the target are and 3 Ifall ofthem simultaneously aim at the target, then the odds in favour of exactly two persons hitting the target is ‘m:n where m and nate co-prime, then nm = ‘Two distinct numbers are selected at random from the numbers 1,2,..., .Letp denote the probability that the difference between the first and second is not less than m (where 0 ria onelag)-os iB) fp) P(B)= P(BOAy)+P(BOA3)=P(Ar) Pa PCaaPL | 0.6x0.840.4x0.3 = 0.6 3.2. Baye’s Theorem SupposeA,,A,, ....A,are mutually exclusive and exhaustive set of events, Then the conditional probability thatA, happens (given that B has happened) is given by P(A,nB) P(A;).P(B. Aj) PE) Sp(a,).P(BIA,) P(AJB) = where j= 1,2, Mlustration : 10 Box I contains 2 white and 3 red balls and box I contains 4 white and 5 red balls. One ball is drawn atrandom from one of the boxes and is found to be red, Find the probability that it was from box IL. Solution : Let A denote the event that the drawn ball is red LetA, = The event that box lis selected and let A, = The event that box Ils selected i 2 Ts 29 (C_RaollTAcademy Website: www.raoiit.com_»)@Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS e Et Qi Q2 Q4 Qs Q6 Q7 PIE) ‘The results of students of a college revealed the following facts. 25% of students failed in Mathematics, 15% of students failed in Chemistry, 10% of students failed in both. Ifa student is selected at random, ‘The probability that he has failed in Mathematics, given that he failed in Chemistry, is wt @ ©2 ot Anum contains 12 red balls and 12 green balls, Suppose two balls are drawn one after another without replacement, then the probability that the second ball drawnis green, given that the first ball drawn ised, is 6 2 yu 0" Oy @s OF OF Three faces of a fair die are yellow, two faces red and one blue. The die is tossed 3 times. The probability that the colours yellow, red and blue appear in the Ist, nd and 3rd tosses respectively is 1 1 38 1 wt ® OF ©; ‘A card is drawn fiom a well shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Itis replaced in the pack after noting its colour. Again a card is drawn at random. The probability that the Ist card drawn may be a heart and the second card drawn may not be a queen is (A) wos oz oo) B B A coin is biased so that the probability of falling head when tossed is 1/4 Ifthe coin is tossed 5 times the probability of obtaining 2 heads and 3 tails, with heads occurring in succession is 5x3" a (3y 3 “” | 3 3 B) = 5) 24 = D) Ba Ors OZ Abag contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another contains 3 white and 5 black balls. Ifone ball is, drawn from each, the probability that both are black is 8 5 \ 2 wy os OF OZ Among 10 coins of different denomination, one ofthe coins is known to have both faces heads. A person takes out one coin at random and tosses iS times. Ifit always falls with head upwards, the probability that itis double-headed coinis 2 2 2 2 (A) (B) a (ce) 4 (@) a C RaoliT Academy — @) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qs Qs 10 qn Quiz Qu4 Quis Qs A box contain N coins, m of which are fairand rest are biased. The probability of getting a head when a fair coin is tossed is 1/2, while it is 2/3 when a biased coin i tossed. A.coin is drawn from the box at random and is tossed twice. The first time it shows head and the second time itshows tail. The prob- ability that the coin drawn is fri om a) ®) 8N+m 8N+m © 8N+m © 8N+m A bagcontains 4 tickets numbered 1, 2,3, 4 and another bag contains 6 tickets numbered 2,4, 6,7, 8, 9. One bag is chosen anda ticket is drawn. The probability that the ticket bears the number 4 is- (A) 1/48 BIR (05/24 (D)None of these Abag contains 2 white and 3 red balls and bag B contains 4 white and 5 red balls. One ball is drawn at random from a randomly chosen bag and is found to be red. The probability that it was drawn from bag B was- (ays (B) 5/16 (ysis (Dy 25/52 Aman is known to speak the truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and reports that it isa six. The probability that itis actually a six, is- (A)38 Bus (3/4 (D)None of these The probability of not getting tail in the first two times and getting a tail in the third time by tossinga coin, continuously is- (aya B18 «38 7s From the records of @ hospital, itis found that 20% patients died with the disease cancer. Iftwo patients with cancer are admitted to hospital; then probability that at least one patient will be cured, is- (a) 1625 (B) 24/25 (92s (D) None of these ‘There are four machines and itis known that exactly two of them are faulty, They are tested one by one ina random order tll both the faulty machines are identified. Then the probability that only two tests are needed is ws @z ot + Mr. X is selected for interview for 3 posts. For the first post there are 5 candidates, forthe second there are 4 and for the third there are 6, Ifthe selection of each candidate is equally likely, the chance that Mr. X willbe selected for atleast one post, is 1 1 1 wy Or 5 > One bag 4 contains 5 white and 3 black balls. Another bag B contains 6 white and 2 black balls. A card is drawn from pack of cards. Ifitis club card, a ball is drawn from bag A. Ifit is red card a ball is drawn from bag B. Otherwise he kept quiet. The probability of getting white ball is 1s 7 14 19 5 By OR Oy C RaoliT Academy @@) Website: www.raolit.com _»)@Rao IIT Academy xa Qu7 Qus Quy Q20 Q21 Q22 Q24 Q25 letter is known to have come either from "TATANAGAR ' or'CALCUTTA\ On the envelope. Just two consecutive letters TA are visible, The probability that the letter comes from TATA NAGAR'is 4 7 5 6 AT By OF OT ‘There are two bags one of which contains 3 black and 4 white balls, while the other contains 4 black and3 white balls. A die is cast. Ifthe face 1 or3 turns up, a ball is taken from the first bag ; and ifany other face tums up, a ball is chosen from the second bag. The probability of choosing a black ball is (ay 2i (B) 10721 (9721 (p)821 A,B, Care aiming to shoot a target. A will succeed 4 times out of S attempts. The chance of B to shoot the target is 3 out of 4 and that of Cis 2 out of 3. Ifthe three aim the target simultaneously. The probability that atleast 2 of them hit the target is ne 5) 3 ot pt NS B) 5 Oz (D)3 3 red and 4 white balls of different sizes are arranged in a row at random. The probability that no two balls of the same colour are together is We Oz OF OF ‘Two numbers are selected at random from 1,2,3.... 100 and are multiplied, then the probability that the product thus obtained is divisible by3, correct to two places of decimal is, (ayo.4s (By 0.55 (€) 0.25 (D035 ‘The letters of the word ALLAHABAD are arranged at random. The probability that in the word so formed, all similar letters are found together, is ays, (B) 16117 (suo Msi ‘Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from {1,2,3,...,10}. The probability that ‘minimum of chosen number is 3 or maximum is7, is (a) 1130 (B) 11/40 jour Mis Three integers are selected simultaneously from the set of integers {1,2,3,4,5....50}. The probability that the selected numbers are consecutive, is equal to 9 G59) ®) B59) © G59) ©) 25(49) $5 persons entered the lift cabin on the ground floor of an eight floor house (excluding the ground floor. ‘Suppose each of them independently leave the cabin at any floor beginning with Ist floor, the probabil- ity of ll the 5 persons leaving at different floor is "” “ oe o: ot C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. ELL @Rao LIT Academy Q26 Q27 There are 4 mathematics books, Junior inter volume 1 & 2, Senior inter volume I & 2 among 20 books. They are arranged in a row at random. The probability that all the mathematics books are arranged in that order not necessarily side by side is, 1 L 1 1 Aig Br Og ; A bag contains 20 tickets numbered with I to 20. Three tickets are drawn, The probability that ticket number 7is definitely included and ticket number 18 is not included is- (A) 51/380 (B) 1/20 (€)3/20 (D) None of these Cir kaeuknck ys Q28 Q.29 Q30 Q31 For k~1,2,3 thebox 8, contains j redballsand (k-+1) white alls. Aball is drawn from one ofthe boxes. The first box has as much chance tobe selected asthe other two combined. Second box is twice as likely to be selected as the third one, Ifa red ball is drawn, then the probability that ithas come from box 14 21 Bis Bist 2) By is > ‘ther B, or B, is = (A) Bis (B) Bris 5 © Biss (D)Eith x Anum contains 8 black and 5 white balls. A second um B contains 6 black and 7 white balls. A blind folded person is asked to draw a ball selecting one of the urns, the probability that the ball drawn is 6 2 71 ()whiteis B) whiteis (© Dlackis 7 (D) blackis 7 Aand B altemately throw a pair of symmetrical dice. A wins ifhe throws 6 before B throws 7 and B ‘wins ifhe throws 7 before A throws 6. ITA begins, then the probability of AA 2 wp 2 ©a 2 oe 2 (AAwiningis 5 G)Bwimningis > (C)Awinningis { — (D)Bwinningis = AbagX contains 4 white and 2 black balls. Another bag Y contains 3 white and 4 black balls. Abag is selected atrandom and a ball is drawn at random from it. The probability thatthe ball drawn is, a 19 Ss B) black is (©ywhiteis D) black is 7= a (B) blackis 75 (whiteis 5 (Dy black is (Aywhit Cardsare drawn one after another till an ace is obtained, The probability of not getting ace in first p12)" (12)? u 46 (A) 26 cards is [75 ] (B) 26 cardsis gy (C) 13 cards is las} (D) 13 cards is 5p Ecrronecuenr) Passage-1 Let E,, B,,E,, .... E, bea set of mutually exclusive and exhaustive events and A be an event, then (F) — |, denotes the la) forj=1,2,....n, where P s A) meay= Spee ye| and (2 ]-— et a J C RaoliT Academy @) Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IIT Academy EL probability of occurring the event F given that G has already occurred. There are two bags of red and yellow colour. Red bag contains 4 fair coins and 3 biased coins and yellow bag contains 5 fair coins and 7 biased coins. Biased coin has tail on both side. Two coins are transferred from red bag to yellow bag and then a coin is taken from yellow bag and tossed. Q.33 Probability that both coins, transferred from red bag to yellow bag, were fair is, (AUT (B)3/7 oar (p27 Q.34 Probability that both coins, transferred from red bag to yellow bag, were of mixed type is (37 (B47 (27 (7 Q.35 If both coins transferred from red bag to yellow bag were biased then the probability that tossing of coin results in head is (A) 23/28 (B) 9/28 (©) 5/28 (D) 19728 Passage-2 Let S be the set of students S,,S.,S,..S,, The students plan to visit two IIT academies next month, Any student can accompany or withdraw from the visi. Thus on both occasions any subset of S can go. Make your choice to the most appropriate answer on the basis of above information Q.36 The probability the there iso common students in two trips. 1 & © (2) Wz By OG (Dyzer0 37 Whatisthe probability that foreach and every student who goes in first trip also goes inthe second trip 1 1 Gy AF By © (3) ol Q.38 What s the probability that same number of students go in both trips? py & o(3} Oy Ol; (eietaeceuk re Q.39 Suppose there are3 ums containing 2 white, 3 black balls, 4 white I black and 3 white, 2 black balls respectively. There is equal chance for selecting an urn. One ball is drawn from an umn chosen at random, Column -T Column -TT 4 A) What isthe probability that the ball drawn is white DS 3 B) Given that the ball drawn is white, what is the probability OF that it was drawn from the first box 1 C) Given that the ball drawn is white, what isthe probability RF that it was drawn from the second box 3 D) Given that the ball drawn is white, what is the probability x5 that it was drawn from the third box (C__RaoliT Academy) Website: www.raoiit.com _) “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Q.40 Qal Three balls are to be put in two boxes. What is the probability that all th under the following conditions? Column -1 (Column - It I A) Boxes and Balls both are indistinguishable PG 3 B) Boxes are indistinguishable but balls are dstinet QF 1 )Balls are indistinguishable but boxes are distinct QF 1 D) Boxes and Balls both are distinet 95 Abox ‘A’ contains 2 white and 3 black balls. A second box ‘B’ contains 3 white and 2 black balls. A third box ‘C’ contains 1 white and 4 black balls. A ball selected at random is transferred from box ‘A’ tobox ‘B’. Then a ball selected at random is transferred from box “B’ to box ‘C from box yen a ball is drawn, Column -1 Column 11 A) The probability that a white ball was transferred P) 2 from box ‘B’ to box ‘C’ is "7 B) The probability that a black ball was transferred VD from box °B’ to box °C’ is, 133 C) The probability that a white ball was drawn from Yip from box ‘C’is 1B D) The probability that a black ball was drawn from s) 30 from box ‘C’is Integer type Qa Q43 a4 Qs Q.46 A draws two cards one by one (replacing previous one) from a pack of cards and B throws two dice together. The probability that both cards of A are of the same suit and the sum of digits of Bis 6 is Pathen 144p is Three groups A, B, C are competing for positions of the Board of Directors of a company. The probabilities of their winning are 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 respectively. Ifthe group A wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probabilities for group B and C are 0.6 and 05 respectively The probability thatthe new produet willbe introduced, spin percentage. Then © is Avbag contains 7 red and 3 black balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag one after the other. The probability thatthe first two are red and the third is black is p then 4Op is Two fiends A.andB have equal number of sons. There are 3 cinema tickets which are to be distributed among the sons of AandB. The probability that al the tickets go to sons of B is 1/20. The number of sons, each of them having is From pack of well shuffled cards, one card is drawn randomly. A gambler bets that itis either a diamond ora king. The odds in favour of his winning the bet is 4: mthen mis C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _»)@Rao IIT Academy xa 4.4. Random Variable and Probability Distribution Let S be the sample space associated with a given random experiment, Then, a real valued function X which assignsto each event ye §' atuniquereal number X (1s) iscalled a random variable, ‘A random variable is a function that associate a unique numerical value with every outcome of an experiment. The value of the random variable will vary from trial to trial as the experiment is repeated. Example: A coin is tossed ten times. Ifthe number of tails are noted, then the number of tails become the random variable X of this experiment which can take the values 0,1,2,...10, Here Xisadiserete random variable, 4.1.1 Probability Distribution : The Probability distribution ofa discrete random variable X is a function which gives the probability P(x) that the random variable equals x,. It satisfies the following conditions. (@0 " Cp" (1- py Probability of occurring the event stmost‘r'timesis 2y " CHP" (I=) For example iff dics thrown five times and we want the probability of occurrence of a composite 1 1.2 — 3-3 and n= 5,14, Thus required 2 number four times, then we have p= [=3, 1y'(2)'_ 10 probability ="Cprq'-!="C, (5) (3) Saat Mean and Variance of Binomial distribution : Let B(n, p) then P(X =r) =" C,p’g’” where r=0,1,2.. and p+g=1 and variance, var(x) = npq standard deviation= npg Note: ‘Mean — Variance 1p —npq = np(1—q)=np* > 0 => Mean> Variance Ip represents a persons chance of success in any venture and ‘m the sum of money which he will receive in case of success, then his expectations or probable value = pm The probability distribution for any random variable ‘X’ is P (X=r), then P+) _ Bor PB Pp Fel'g C RaollT Academy Z) Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS @ Siren ed Qi Q2 Qa Qs Q6 Q7 Qs Ifa die is thrown 5 times. What is the probability that an even number will come up exactly 3 times ? 1 5 . Wz BE OF (Dy None of these If 10 coins are tossed. What is the probability that exactly 5 heads appear ? 6 »— o3 pi 256 ¢ » F024 © 1024 © a) 256 From a lot of 10 items containing 3 defectives, a sample of 4 items is drawn at random without replacement. The expected number of defective items is (a3 B18 (12 (28 Ifthe probability distribution of arandom variable X is Xen: 0123 P(x=x,) 11 9 1, thenthemem value ofxis 32 6 wi 2 1s (25 ‘Arandom variable X as the distribution x 203 4 PiX=x) 03 0403 Then, variance of the distribution is, (Ao (B07 (0.77 (D)Lss Ifthe probability distribution of arandom variable x is Xen bo 1 23 PX =x): Ol K 02 2K 03 K then the standard deviation of x is (A)2.16 (B)2.8 © V2 (D) 28 IfX follows a binomial distribution with paramett sn=8 and p= 1/2, then P (|X 4 |<2) equals- 118 119 ») 147 : wit Oe on (D)none 4 bad apples a ‘cidentally got mixed up with 20 good apples. In a draw of 2 apples at random, expected number of bad apples is 2 yt , wi @; 5 © C RaoliT Academy (B)__ Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qs Qu0 qu Qu2 Qua Qs Qs Abox contains 6 tickets Two of the tickets carry a prize of Rs. Rs.1/-, Ifone ticket is drawn, The mean value of prize is -ach, the other foura prize of (AR: 2 i 3 4 3 (B)Rs. 5 ORs. 5 ORs. 5 ‘What is the chance that a person with two dice will throw aces (same output on both dices) exactly 4 times in 6 trials ? 3x5! @ 2 ox o 2 3 = YS e (A) Ifthe variance ofa random variable X is «?,, then the variance of the random variable X-5 is (A) se" (B) 250° Oa (D) 20° ‘Two cards are drawn one after another with replacement from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, The expected number of aces is we @s © OF iB Abagcontains 2 white and 4 black balls. A ball is drawn 5 times with replacement, The probability that at least 4 of the balls drawn are white, is a 10 ot Aig Ors OFT Past records reveal that during a particular war, out of 9 vessels expected to arrive at the Mumbai harbor exactly 7 reached the harbor safely. If3 vessels were expected to arrive there on a particular data, the probability that exactly two would arrive at the harbor safely, is O35 we on (D) None of th O78 ys Om (D) None ofthese A random variable X takes the values -2,-1, 1 and 2 with probabilities 4,424, 1-24 ang +# respectively then (A)acan have any real value 8) -psast .) teas (©) -tsast ) 55455 A fair die is thrown twenty times. The probability that on the tenth throw the fourth six appears is- 206458 7 6 Cg x 120%8' ») 84x8' ae ®) “Fo oO (D) none of these ww C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _»)@Rao IIT Academy xa Quiz Qs Quy Q20 Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 The least number of times a coin should be tossed so as to have the chance of showing at least one head > 99% is aye (Bs 7 (D) None of these ‘There are ninety cards in a box numbered 10,11,12,......98, 99, Three cards are drawn from the box ‘one by one with replacement, The probability that product of the digits on the cards will be 12 at least once is 3 wr-{5) B (2 le One hundred identical coins, each with probability p, of showing up heads are tossed, If 00, then Q.42__Anexperiment succeeds twice as often as it fails. The chance that in the next six trials there will be 4 JA successes is en 27,;— = ath Vis Q43_ Acoinis tossed suce: quired is sively until for the Ist time head occurs. The expected number of tosses re- P(X=r) Q44 If is binomial variate with parameters » and p, where 08 | lal Zero Vector (null vector) A vector whose initial and terminal points are same, is called the mull vector. For example ‘AA . Such vector has zero magnitude and no direction, and denoted by 5 ABiBC+CA=AA Cor AB BC4CA=0 4 Like and Unlike Vectors ‘Two vectors are said to be (a) Like, when they have same direction, () Unlike, when they are in opposite directions. # and -a are two unlike vectors as their directions are opposite, and 3 are like vectors. RaoliT Academy — @@) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IIT Academy (iv) Unit Vector Auunit vectoris a vector whose magnitude is unity. We write, unit vector in the direction of @ as J. Therefore (v) Parallel vectors ‘Two or more vectors are said to be parallel, if they have the same support or parallel support, Parallel vectors may have equal or unequal magnitudes and direction may be same or opposite, As shown in figure Fe—_+_+p (vi) Position Vector If P is any point in the space then the vector OP is called position vector of point P , where O is the origin of reference. Thus for any points A and B in the space, AB=0B-OA (vii) Co-initial vectors Vectors having same initial point are called co-initial vectors. As shown in figure: Here OA, OB, OC and OD are co-initial vectors. t 4.3. Addition of Two Vectors Let OA=8, AB=5 and OB=< « Here @ is sum (or resultant) of vectors @ and b. It is to be noticed that the initial point of 6 coincides with the terminal point of 4 and the ine joining the initial point of to the terminal point of 6 represents vector +6 in magnitude and direction. (C_RaollTAcademy J) _—_ Website: www.raoiit.com _»)Rao HT Academy 1.4 PROPERTIES : @ a+b=b+ (Vector addition is commutative) Gi) 84G4+Y=G4b)4s, —__(Vertoradditionis associative) Gi) [as b[e|a]+ 16) equality holds when and b arelike vectors vy) = 15 lls equality holds when g and b are unlike vectors: o d+a W) a+ (i)=b=Cara ion of Vector by Scalar If isa vectorand mis a scalar, then ma is a vector parallel to a whose modulus is |m |times that of a. This multiplication is called Scalar Multiplication. If 4 and } are vectors and m, n are scalars, then m(a)=(a)m=ma m(na)=n(ma)~ (rm) a (m+n)a =ma +na m(a + 5)=ma +mb Mlustration : 01 If a and 6 are the vectors determined by two adjacent sides of a regular hexagon, what are the vectors determined by the other sides taken in order? Solution: OABCDE is a regular hexagon. Let OA =7 and AB =6 . Join OB and OC Wehave D c ‘Since OC is parallel to AB and double of AB. ¥ 4 OC =2AB=26 Now BC=0C-OB=26-(@+b)=b-a CD=~OA =~a and DE =-AB=~6 Also EO=-BC=~(6-a) =a-b C RaoliT Academy @@) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IT Academy 4.5 Linear Combinations of Vectors & Scalars Given a finite set of vectors ,b,é,...... then the vector F=xd + yb + 26 + iscalleda linear combination of #,8,8,.... forany x, ¥,Z.... € R. Wehave the following results: @ If a,b arenonzero, non-collinear vectors then xa + yb =x A+y' b= x=x'sy=y' Gi) Funpamentat TagoreM : Let 3,5 be nonzero , non collinear vectors . Then any vector = coplanar with 4,6 can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of a,b i.e. There exist some unique x, € R such that xi-+ yb= Gil) 1f3,5,¢ arenon-zero, non-coplanar vectors then xd+yb+2é=x'd+y b+zdx=x' ,y=y 2-2 (iv) FUNDAMENTAL THrorEM IN Space : Let a,5,¢ be non- zero, non-coplanar vectors in space . Then any vector #, can be uniquely expressed as a linear combination of a,b, ‘There exist some unique x,y € R such that xd + yb +2 =F @) Hf %,8,,....%, are m non zero vectors, &k,yk,,..k, aren scalars & if the linear combination Kk, +K,Xp4....K,%, =0=> ky =0,k, =0.....k, =0 then We say that vectors)... are LINEARLY INDEPENDENT VECTORS (Wi) Tf Xp, are not LINEARLY INDEPENDENT then they are said to be Linearty DEPENDENT vectors i.e. if KX + K Ry tect Kyky & if there exists atleast one k, #0 then %;,%3,......%, ate said to be LINEARLY DEPENDE! Notel: fk 40; hk, +k HR Ho Ry HOR, tet Oakey + i.e. X, is expressedas a linear combination of vectors Rk Reo Rear Hence &, with 8, s.u%.1.8.1-0%, forms a linearly dependent set of vectors Note 2 : @ If & = 34+ 2) + Sk then @ is expressed as a Linear Communarion of vectors i, j, K. Also, a, i, j, k form a linearly dependent set of vectors . In general , every set of four vectors is a linearly dependent system. (C_RaollT Academy J) _—_ Website: www.raoiit.com_»)Rao ITT Academy Gi) i,j, Kate Livearty Inperenpenr set of vectors. For Ki+Kj+Kk=0 K=0=K5k, Mustration : 02 ‘Show that the vectors 54+65+7@, 73 are three non-coplanar vectors). 85496 and 34+20b+5¢ are coplanar (where a, 6, Solution : Let A=Si+66+7é, B= 74-86+96 and C=34+206+56 A.B and © are coplanar = xA+yB+zC=0 must have a real solution for x, y, z other than (0, 0,0). Now x(Si+ 66-+76)+y(7a—86 +98) + 7(38 +206 +50) =6 => (Sx+ Ty +3z)a + (6x —By + 20z)b+(7x—9y + 5z)e =0 Sx+Ty+32=0 6x—8y+202=0 Tx+9y+52=0 (Asa, 6, ¢ arenon-coplanar vectors) ls 7 3 Now D=|6 -8 2 7 9 5 So the three linear simultaneous equation inx, y and z have a non-trivial solution, Hence A, B and @ are coplanar vectors. 1.6 Collinearity And Coplanarity of Points (a) The necessary and sufficient condition for three points with position vectors 3,6 and @ to be collinear is that there exist scalars x, ¥,, not all zero, such that , where x + yb+zé = 6. (b) — Thenecessary and sufficient condition for four points with position vectors 4, 5, ¢ and d to be coplanar is that then exist scalars x, y,zand u, notall zero, such that , where xd+yb+zé+ud=6 Mlustration : 03 Let '0'be the point of intersection of diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD. The points M,N, K and P are the mid points of OA, MB, NC and KD respectively. Show that N, O and P are collinear. Solution : Let 0 =), A@, BO) Sed (_RaoliT Academy @) _—_ Website: www.raoiit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IT Academy (2b +8) Hence points N, O and Pare collinear, 4.7. Section Formula LetA, Band C be three collinear points in space having position vectors &, 5 and ¥. A Gv Yn%) or, @ (As vectors are in same direction) e b Now, OA+AG= 06 => AC=7-a +i) b> CB ii) Using (i), we get 7 = mtn min 4.8 Orthogonal System of Unit Vectors Let OX, OY and OZ be three mutually perpendicular straight lines. Giv any point P(x, y, 2) in space, we can construct the rectangular parallelepiped of which OP is a diagonal and OA=x, OB=y, OC =z Here A, B, C are (x, 0, 0), (0, y, 0) and (0, 0, z) respectively and L, M, N are (0, y, z),(x, 0, z) and (x,y, 0) respectively Y z Let i, j, k denote unit vectors along OX, OY and OZ respectively. We have F P = xi+-yj+zk as OA=xi, OB= yj and OC = zk (C_RaollTAcademy Website: www.raoiit.com_»)Rao HTT Academy ON=OA+AN OP =ON+NP So, OP =04108+0C (NP=0C, AN =08) r=|F|-]OB [=x eyez = aie emk (where is the angle between OP and x-axis) (Bis the angle between OP and y-axis) (7 isthe angle between OP and z-axis) ‘4,m,n are defined as the direction cosines ofthe line OP and x, y, 7 are defined as direction ratios of the line OP. IEP = (X,¥,,2))and Q= (Ys %) then PQ = (x,—x i+ (2 -Y I+ —m)k Therefore PQ= (x —%,)" +(Y2-Va) Ha -m)? Hence direction ratios of the line through P and Q are x, -x,,y, -y, and 2, - 2, and its direction cosines are ‘Some properties of Direction cosines (DC) and Direction ratios (DR) (if, mr, nrare the projection of Fon x, yand z-axis. Gi) F=(4i+mj+nkr Gil)? 4m? +n? =1 (iy) Ifa, band care three: cal numbers such that “== thena, b, care the direction ratios ab of the line whose direction cosines are £, mandn C RaoliT Academy @Z) Website: www.raolit.com _) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IIT Academy PRACTICE PROBLEMS 0 Eilean Qi Q2 Q3 Q4 Qs Qs Ifthe sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then the magnitude of their difference is 1 (A) J units (BF units (© YG units (D) Fy ants IfGis the centroid of the triangle ABC and if’ isthe centroid of another triangle A’B'C’ then AA + BB+ CC’ (a)3GG" (B) 2GG" (Ge (D)None of these If a = i+j+k, b= 4i+3j+4k and ¢ = i+aj+Pk are linearly dependent vectors and [é| = V3 then the value of amay be “-1 (B)2 (-3 (m4 A vector V is inclined at equal angles to axes OX, OY and OZ. Ifthe magnitude of V is 6 units, then V is (a 3 (F= 3+ (B) W3(F-j+k oral Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon and 4B é then AE is equal to (A) a+b (B)b+é (©) a+b (D) a+é The vector j + xj + 34 is rotated through an angle @ and doubled in magnitude, then it becomes. 4i +(4x—2)j+2£. The sum ofall possible values of x is 4 7 2 Ws B®; OF 2 =27-j+ yk and & = -2) + 7-3 such that la + mb +né then L (A) mz ,mareinA.P (B)LmnareinA.P —(C) l,m, narein HP (D)m, mare in GP Let paisa j+k and g=i+j+k.If| p+g/4 p|+|q |then number of value(s) of ‘a’ is/are (a2 Bl oo (D)infinite Ifvectors pi 437.44k and qi +5k are equal in magnitude where p,q>0 , then number of order pair of (p,q) are Mo 2 4 D)infinite C RaollT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.com _»)Rao HTT Academy 10 Qu Qu Qs Quiz Qs IFO is the circumeentre and P the orthocentre of ABC, then PA + PB + PC (A) PO (B)2P6 (C)3P0 (D)4?0 ABC isa triangle, the point P is on side BC such that 3 BP =2 PC, the point Q ison the line Gq such that 4CQ = QA. IfRis the common point of AP & BO , then the ratio in which the line joining CR divides 7B is (Ay 2:5 (B)3:8 (4st If 7 is the centre of circle inscribed in a triangle ABC, then [BC|7A. Ths Te Ao (B) 74+ 1B+1C «) 2 TA+TB+IC as © Ifa, f,7 arethe angles made by vector with the coordinate axes inthe positive direction, then the range of sina sin f-+sin f siny +siny sina: is A) [-41] B) [35] (© [-12] @) [6,1] Let (/,m,m) are the direction cosines of a vector. If = 7 then the maximum value of (lxmxn) is (Ay 4 (B)3/8 (12 (D) 3/16 If 4,6, é benon coplanar vectors, then vectors 34-26 —4é, -d +22,-2a+5 +3é are (A) linearly dependent (B) linearly independent (C)collinear (D)non collinear Let F(A =0-[D) +1108 wha i rsetigerncton 16 (5) and Aj + wk are parallel vectors then value of (1-84 )is (Ao (B)4 6 (D)2 If a,b, @ are position vectors of vertices A, B, Cof A ABC. If? isposition vector of point Puch “iy that (|b -|+le-al =B|é then the point P always (A) centroid of A ABC (B) Orthocentre of A ABC (C)circumcentre of A ABC LetO be the origin and A, B betwo points. If, 4 are vectors represented by Oj and OB and their magnitudes are p,q , then unit vector bisecting the angle 4OB is Pa bya pa Pq a | Pl lal lel Ia C RaoliT Academy jp) Website: www.raolit.com _) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Ve 5 @Rao IIT Academy Cnc es Q.19 A vector of magnitude 2 along a bisector ofthe angle between the two vectors 2-2} +k andi +2}-26 is on F-4) a+ j+2k Q.20. A unit vector whichis equally inclined tothe vectors 22+ 24 | 1 + ef &) Faliesi-st) Le ct ge (© Fayli+si+se) Q.21 Thevectors @ = xi-2j+5k and 5 jj ~zk are collinear if (a) x=1,y=-2,2=-5 (B) x=1/2,y=-4,z=-10 (©) x=-1/2,y=4,2=10 @) x=2,y=-Lz=-10 Q22 fe -3a +46 and 2 ~ 4 ~36, then (A) € and g have the same direction B)lel> @ and b hav. ked comprehension type Passage -1 ABCD isa parallelogram. Lis a point on BC which divides BC in the ratio 1 :2. AL intersects BD at P. Misa point on DC which divides DC Q.23 Point Pdivides AL in the ratio in the ratio 1 : 2 and AM intersects BD at Q. (53 (B23 (3:1 (D221 Q.24 Point Q divides DB in the ratio (Ayl:2 (B)1:3 (92:3 (D)3:4 Q25 PQ: DBisequal to (2:3 (B13 (1:2 (D)3:4 Passage - 2 Inathombus OABC, vector a, 5,é are respectively the position vectors of vertices A, B,C with reference to 0as otigin . A point Eis taken on the side BC which divides it inthe ratio of 2: 1. Also, ‘the line segment AE intersects the line bisecting the angle O intemally in point P. If CP, when extended ‘meets AB in point F, then (C_RaollTAcademy (Z)_— Website: www.raoiit.com_»)@Raol Q26 I Academy The position vector of point P, is (A) 3(a+2) Bras (©) (+2) (D) Have) Q.27. The position vector of point F is Q28 (A ars (B) a42 (p)a- The vector 4F , is given by B)é pt B)é a Vs [aire Q29 Let ZB = @& BC = 5 form the consecutive sides ofa regular hexagon 4BCDEF. then match ‘Column-I (Column-II AJIC CB = xa-+ yb, then B)If CE = xa + yb, then C)If AE =x + yb, then Ryy=1 D)If BE = xa + yb, then S)y=2 ironed 30 Wf DA=a; AB respectively such that Let the verti sofa A ABC are A(Iy vio 3), B(2,1,-2)and C(-5, 2,-6).If the length of the ke intemal bisector ofangleAis—-— then, value of ‘k’is Ifaline makes angles a, f- and 7 with coordinate axes, where cos 2 + cos 2/! + cos 2y = k, then value of [klis xBC and Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon, If AD ‘BA then value of (x+ y) IFthe vectors d+b-+2, a+46+22, -a+6-+2 arelinearly dependentthen value of 4 is Three forces are applied toa vertex ofa cube which are 1, 2 and 3 in magnitude and are directed along the diagonals of the faces of the cube meeting in that vertex. The magnitude of theresutant of these forces is RaoliT Academy (§) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @ a Gi) i) w wi) ii) (vit) @) ®) «i (xii) @Rao IT Academy Scalar Product of Two Vectors (Dot Product) The scalar product, (2-6) of two non-zero vectors @ and 6 is defined as [a |[b |cos 0, where Gis the angle between the two vectors, when drawn with same initial point. Note that 0<0 =, then scalar projection of b on @ the value of 4 is 3 1 we @7 ©3 OF If a,6, ¢, are position vectors ofthe vertices of a triangle ABC, then length of the perpendicular drawn from C to AB is, [abe ea plixbrixcre 1 ‘ 1b-€1 laxbrbxe ena] ( Babebec rena fee] Dix brbxe The area ofthe parallelogram having diagonals. 37.4 }--2K and {-3} + 48 is (A)s. FF sqanits — (B)3V3 squnits. — (C) 23 squnits — (D) 34/3 squunits The cosine ofthe angle between the vectors and such that 25+ =14}, p+24 4 3 2 oe a (Yq (B) 3 (©) 5 ©) To C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.comRao HTT Academy Q7 Qs Qs Q10 Qu Qu Qus Qs Ifthe vectors @ =| log,x) 1-6} +3k and § =(log,x) i +2] +(2c log,x) & make an obtuse angle forany x € (0,0). Then the interval to which ‘c” belongs is ws) af (2% \ 03) old) 3 If G,5,é are unit vectors, then fe a’ doesnot exceed (a4 9 (8 D6 It paa+i,g=a—& [l-[B]=r then [pal = (A yr -@by B)2, 16 iscenttoid of APOR where GP= 2+} +3. GD ® (wo y ola (j+2 then the area oftriangle POR (A) ¥35 squnits — (B) 335 WB 5 2 3N3 3 squnits (©) squnits ©) aS sq.units If a,5, é bethree vectors such that [i-+5 +é|=1, ¢= A@@xB) ana | x x * x We > OF oF 1 6 then the angle between g and 5 is 1 ¥ Let @, 5, @ beunit vectors such that @ 5 =a. 2=0 andtheangle between § and ¢ is 7 if @=n(Bxé), then value ofn may be wy (B)-2 © (@) [(a+8)x(a-8)]+[ (6 +2) x(6-2)]+[(@+a)x(@-a)]- (A) 2(axb +b xé+éxa) (B) -2(axb +5x8+éxa) (©) (ab +bxe 4exa) (D) -(axb +bxé +e xa) For any four non collinear points P,Q, R, S, [PD x RS -ORxPS + RPxQG| is equal to 4 times the area ofthe triangle (A) PQR (B) QRS (PRS (D) PQS C RaoliT Academy (J) Website: www.raolit.com _) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Ve 5 @Rao IT Academy QS IfA,,A,,A,....A, ate the vertices of a regular plane polygon with n sides and O is the center then S (04 x0A,, (A) (04x04) (B) n(O4xOA,) (©) (n-1)(OA OA) (D) (n-1)(OA, x04, QU6 IfABCDEFisaregular hexagon, thon 7B.GF is Lape 1 pee lig ligt tac -Lac » Lact Lac “5 ® -5 © © -5 17 1f 2,4) =0 where f@|=1, forall j, then the value of 2, D4 4 is n n (Ayn ®t @o -F Q.18 If gand j are two non-collinear vectors such that [él [>|=4 and a5 =F +2)-+38.thenthe value of isequal to ws Oz oF or a 7 7 B Q.19 The value of ‘b’ such that the scalar product of the vector j + 7 + & with the unit vector parallel to the sumofihe vector 2f = 4}-Sé, and bi +2438 isoneis (2 ®- wo 1 Cie Q20 Let d= 27- =i+2j-& and é =i + j-2k be three vectors, A vector in the plane of § and. fz & whose projection on @ isofmagnitude [> maybe (A) 2743j-3k (BY 2F+3j43k = (C)-2i-jask (D274 5h Q21 Ife =axb and b=cxa then A abre 8) é.a=6? (ab ) aljoxe Q.22 Which following values of x, the angle between the vectors @ = xf -3}— and acute, and the angle between the vector § and the y-axis is obtuse, are 12 @)2, (Cyallx<0 (D)allx>0 CG Rao IIT Academy ©) Website: www.raoiit.com _)Rao HT Academy Q.23- If vectors TB =37-2)-+28 and BC angle between its diagonals maybe 2k are the adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then x x 2n Wz ®@F OF OF Q24 If Aer and Gxb =7xd also Gx2=6 xd ,then (a (#-4)-a(6-2) @)a+d-a6+2) (©) @-b =a +d) (py (4+d)=a(5-z) Q.25 Ifinarightangle triangle ACB, the hypotenuse AB =p, then AB.AC + BC.BA+CA.CB is CO (A) 2p" Passage - 1 Anew operation * is defined between two non antiparallel vectors g and § as @* 2 where @ istheangle between g and fj Q.26 The condition forwhich ¢ and f are perpendicular is asi asf (A) a+fi-0 ® RT = © BR OR 1 Q27 aeais 7) (B)not defined oo Q28 For dsf-a-p (A) |@|=0 isanecessary condition (B) a] =0 isanccessry condition OPsrsts is asufficient condition, where ¢ = tan 2 (D) |a|=|A| isanecessary condition [uae Q29 Column -1 =2, ef =3 and 21 (6 +2), P) 1 6 1(é+a), a+b) then [a+b +2] is C Rao IIT Academy ©) Website : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. 5 @Rao IT Academy (B)IE d,5,¢ are three vectors of equal magnitude Q 7 and the angle between each pair of vectors is such that rrlal 10 then RVG |a-5|-8 ana a +4| (D)If &,8,¢ are three non zero vectors such that s) WF @+542=0 thenthe value of a,(b+a)+6,(6+6)+é(4+2) maybe Iftwonon parallel unit vectors @ and inclinedan angle a, then Column-1 Column -I A) 1ff@ +8] <1, then wy i[a—A]=[2 3 then a Z (a 6 @J=0 (ix) Scalar product of three vectors, two of which are equal or parallel is Oe, (5) = Note: If &,6,& are non-coplanar then [46 &)> 0 for right handed system & [36 8) <0 forleft handed system @) [ijkj=1 (xi) (Kab e]=Klabe]. (xii (@+ bed] = [aed] + [ed]. (xiv) The volume of the tetrahedron OABC with O as origin & the pv’s of A, Band C being a, 6 & & respectivelyis given by V = z (a6 (sv) The position vector of the centroid of a tetrahedron if the pv’s of its angular vertices area,b,é&d are givenby + (a+b +e+d) ‘Note that this is also the point of concurrence ofthe lines joining the vertices to the centroids ofthe ‘opposite faces and is also called the centre ofthe tetrahedron. In case the tetrahedron is regular it is equidistant from the vertices and the four faces of the tetrahedron. ]=0 & [aed bee eva] =2[8bq Remember that : [3-5 Mlustration : 04 Prove that the formula for the volume V of a tetrahedron in terms of the lengths a, b and c of three concurrent edges and their mutual inclinations §, @ and y isgivenby 1 cosg cosy| vi=|eos6 1 cos6| cosy cos 1 Solution: v Let OABC be the tetrahedron with O as origin. Let a,b, cbe the position vectors of A, B, C. Leta=a,i+a,j+ajk,b—b,i+b,j+bk,e=ei+ Then 1 ls a, ay 4fabe]=2)o, b, by p gabel= sh be v bye, +b,c, +byc; 1 1] a adeos eacosy| = geld IPF be] = sclabeose —b* be eosd “jac be lel “Jeacosy becos® — c* 1 cos cos abe? y| cos 1 cos) lcosy cos? 1 (C__RaollT Academy €Z)_— Website: www.raoiit.com _») = 36Rao ITT Academy 3.2 Vectors Triple Product The vector triple product of three vectors a, and ¢ is defined as a x (bx). Ifat least one 4, b and @ isazero vector or 6 and ¢ arecollinear vectors or a is perpendicular to both & and &, only then a x(bxé)=6 . nall other cases ax (6x) will bea non-zero vectoriin the plane of non-collinear vectors and perpendicular to the vector Thus we can take ax(b: .b+pé , for some scalars 4 and MW. Since {1 aix(bxé) GG (bxE)) = 0 => AGB) + MGS) = 0 — AGE)a, w= -(Z.b)a., for same scalar a. Hence & x (bx) = a(@)b— bE, for any vectors &, and é satisfying the conditions given in the beginning. In particular if we take, a = =i, €=],, then Hence ax(bxé)=@ Mlustration : 05 — (abe For any vector g , prove that jx(axi) + jx (dx j)+kx(@xk) = 2a Solution: (ixtaxiy)fx@x)]4tkx xB] = (G-Da-C-D+E- Pa-G-D A +(K-Ha-E-AH) -(iai+a-Gayj+a-(ayk ii=jj=kke=)) = 38-[Gadi+ Gayj+Kayk) )+a,(ik) =a,()+a,(0)=a, Similarly, ja =a,, ka= LILS. = 34-(a,i+a,}+a,k)= 34-24 = RUS. 3.3. Reciprocal System of Vectors Let &, 5 and & be asystem of three non-coplanar vectors. Then the system of vectors @’, 6 and @ which satisfies 4. 5’=0, iscalled the reciprocal system to the vectors 3, b, #0, e are a bxé ba given by a’ = abe] PROPERTIES : @ 4 Gi Thescalar triple product [4 5 @] formed ftom three non-coplanar vectors a, 5, ¢ isthe reciprocal of the scalar triple product formed from reciprocal system. =ba'= (C_RaoliT Academy €@)_— Website: www.raoiit.com_) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao IIT Academy 3.4 Solving of Vector Equation Solving a vector equation means determining an unknown vector (ora number of vectors satisfying the given conditions) Generally, to solve vector equations, we express the unknown vectoras the linear combination of three non-coplanar vectors as, F=xa-+yb-+2(@xb) as a, b and @xb arenon-coplanar and find x, y, using given conditions ‘Sometimes we can directly solve the given conditions it would be more clear from some examples. Mlustration : 06 Solve the vector equation #xb =axb, #6 +0 provided that ¢ is not perpendicular to b. Solution, Weare given; ixb-axb => F-@xb Hence (f-a) and are parallel => 7-4-6 w@ and we know 7. =0, taking dot product of (i) by & we get (68) O-ae= 1s) or Gi) from (i) and (ii) solution of F is; - (Js 3.5 Vector Equation of Straight Line 4) Vector equation ofa line parallel to the vector 5 and passing through the point A with position vector @ is 7 i) Vector equation of a straight line parallel to 5 and passing trhough the originis 7 =i5;1¢R ii) Vector equation ofa straight line passing through 4@), a0) is F=(1—na =i, re R 3.6 Shortest Distance between two Skew Lines Two lin in space can be parallel, intersecting or neither (called skew lines). LetF=% +45 and + ub, be two lines. @ — Theyintersect if (5, xb,)-(,-7,) = 0. (i) —‘Theyareparallelif’5, and, are collinear: Parallel lines are ofthe form Z, + AB. Perpendicular distance between them is constant and is equal to Gi) Forskewlines, shortest distance between them (along common perpendicular is given by |S a) 15x (C_RaollTAcademy J) _— Website: www.raoiit.com__»)@Rao IT Academy Qu Q2 Qa Qs Q6 Q7 Qs Qs PRACTICE PROBLEMS e EIrcrnenee rs areunit vectors and &, @ arenon Ifa,b, ( Bae , =cosarand d-é = cos also (5x2) ="** then value of cos(a +) is 1 (ayo Bz 1 > Fornon ero vectors #,4,8 if d-#=c, where ¢#0 and gx¥-=6 .then vector x maybe catbxa cataxb cataxh . ca-sind Oa OR © eid Ifthe vectors a, and j forma right handed system where @ = xi-+yj-+24 and 6 = j then = Ai (B) yi © - - see If x(@xb)+ y(Bxé)+2(@xa)=F and [4 5 @)=— then x+y4z= AFG+b+2) BAF G+h+2) (O8FG+h+z) D/O Let g=f-2)438, B=28+3)—-é and @= A747 +2A—Dé. Is isparalel to theplane containing i and ,then value of is “wl Bo © (D2 If d,6,¢ arenon-rero vectors such that x) | hon [i +B +<| (Ayo Bl © laf (D)3 Jaa pb pe If G,b,2 are three coplanar vectors, ,q,7 arenon-zero vectors, then valueof|g.d gb g.clis ao Ba (2 3 4 rh re laa ab aa Forthreenon zero vectors d,b,é,if 4 65 5] =o, thonthe vectors a+b, 5 +é,é+a are jac be ea (A) coplanar (B)non-coplanar — (C) unit vectors (D) mutually perpendicular Irthe vectors (sec! A)i+j+k, ?+(soc! B)j+k, f+ j+(seo! C)é are coplanar, then the value of sec? A+sec? B+sec? C—sec? A sec? Bsec?C is wi 2 (3 Do C Rao IIT Academy © Website : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Qui Quiz Qu3 Quis Quis Qs Quz @Rao IT Academy Ifposition vectors &,5,¢,d are coplanar, then (6 é d |a—[ae d Wa (B) 5 Oo If @=37+4]-5é then value of [x (axi) + ix(aj)+hx axis (A) sy (B) sov2 (©) 1ov2 ) 100y2 If three unit vectors @,6,< are equally inclined to each other at an angle 4 then value of wi ® a ©2 Os If @= 27+ j-3k,b =7-27+k, 2= |@xb) x @xd)]is a+bb+e z+al/is +j—4é and d=i+j+£,thenvalueot (A) sg (©) 183 (D) si22 a ob € If vectors a, 8, & are coplanat thenthe value of |2°2 836 #-€)_ ba 6b BE AG B) a+b+e Oa (D) can’t determined The least angle of a triangle whose two sides are represented by the vectors V3(ax5) and B-(d.5)a where g isaunitvectoris WF @z ©F oF ab ae Tf @,5,é arenon-coplanar vectors and @ =5 x2, Bb Be 7b (ayo [a A7) Let three non zero vectors @ = 2°) +a) +k, B= y"f+yj+k,@=24i+2)+k and threenon coplanar vectors p= aii +aj +k, G=bT +8 +k, Foci +d +k Ie (xa) (x0) (y-ay (y-e) ° then value of [pas (e-a)’ (2-e)' (Ayo (B)24 (C) 12 (Do C RaoliT Academy J) Website: www.raolit.comRao HT Academy Qus Quy Q20 Qui Q22 Q23 Q24 IfV isthe volume of the parallelopiped having three coterminus edges as g, 5 and ¢ thenthe volume of the parallelopiped having three coterminus ed a=(a-a)a+(a-b)b+(a-2)e, f=(a-8)a+(6-8)5+(6 +(5-2)b-+( wy (B)3V or (py27V Let @, 6 and ¢ bethreenon-zeroand non-coplanar vectors and j, 7 and 7 be three vectors given by ped+b-2¢, g=3d-2 +E and 7—G—4h 42g. If the volume of the pa Ilelopiped determined by a, and is V, andthe volume of the parallelopiped determined by , and 7 is v, then V2, (A) 13:2 (B)7:2 (led @)is:1 IF, isthe volume of parallelopiped having @xb, 5 x, 7x asadjacent sides and V, is the volume of the parallelopiped having dxb +bxé, bxé+éxa and Zxg7+axb as adjacent sides then is(where a, ¢ arenon coplanar) WF @s OF OF Let g of magnitude 25 makesan angle ~ the plane containing wo unitveetors 5 & é.Ifangle OF Fornonzero vectors @5,é,d il é) then = wif (D)None of these axlaxlax(axé)\) Iftwo non zero vectors @ and f are mutually perpendicular, then @%|@ }d «| xb)} = cAyjaé w/e If Z, 6, are three vectors of magnitude 3, |, 2 such that @x(axé)+3b =0 and @ isthe angle between @ and then value of eos? @ is 3 1 wl 2 Wz > Oy OFZ Gite Heeb a deB and 2 | 3 then x isequalto bx(axe) (bxe)xa ax(exb) aa 8 oOo bec Bea ab C RaollTAcademy (J) Website : www.rao > “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Ve Q.26 Qu7 Q28 Q29 Q30 Q31 (ued) (Gacy isequalto A) a-fbx(exd)} (© (xb) edjed Ifaxb=é and bx: then (A) a,b,¢ are orthogonal in pairs (© 5|=1 @Rao IT Academy ®) (abd) (a-dy(b-2) ©) (dxe)-(@xa) (B)lél=lal @)lEl=1 Let (,4)=0 representas angle between and Gis . Forthree unit vectors a,5,¢ if ax(Bxe (a) (a5) rary where § and ¢ being non-parallel, then Three points whose position vectors are @, 6, ¢ will be collinear if (A) Qatub)=(4 me [até ]-0 ww [bo bee Ba )2[ab If a, b, ¢ arenon coplanar vectors and 7 is any vector in space then [B erlat[c a r]b+[a b rjc (A) 3a Beye ®) [aber © pear )3[ bea]? If vectors p, 4, are reciprocal system of non coplanar vectors a, B, ¢ then (A) p-a=1 © prarg-ber-e=0 ®B) pearg-ber-e=3 (D) p-6=7-6 eet Passage Q32 Let a, and ¢ t satisfies dd reciprocal system to the vectors @, 6 and ¢ aso [a ©) axa'=b xb bi =é-e'=landa yystem of three non-coplanar vectors. Then the system @', 5" and z* which iscalled the + isareciprocal system of @, 5, ¢ then C Rao IIT Academy ©) Website: www.raolit.comRao HT Academy Q33 axa bxb Exe (A) zer0 vector (B)anon-zero vector © = {(axa")x5} D)isascelarmulipleof gus jee" O [abe] (D)isascalar multiple of g4y.5'4¢ Q34 Which ofthe following is comect? [Bxe+exa"] (wy athe rod Q.35__ The volume of the parallelopiped whose edges are represented by co- j+26 and ¢=742)-£ is tors a = 2) i+2}-38 and ¢=37-2}+5k are coplanar, then value of 4 is Q37 If [7b E]=1, then value of axb Bxd exa]+[ax(ix [as8 Bae If q isaunit vector coplanar with j and @ such that §.q —1 then value of (axe)-df +(axe)xaf is Q.39 If Z,6,é are three non coplanar vectors and 7 is any vector in space such that (axb)x(F x2) + (6 x2)» (Fx) + (Exa)x(FxB Aa é]F thenvalueof a is Q.40 Let (5x6) +m(exa)+n(axd) 2.1f@+6 +2 =3i thenvalueof (2+ m+n)is C Rao IIT Academy ©) Website : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. ul 16. 21. 26. 29, ul 16. 21 29, al. ul 16. 21 26. 31 PRACTICE PROBLEMS -1 @Rao IT Academy PT) eae Bl 2. [Al 3. [A] 4. [A] 5. Bl fal 7. (A 8. Bl 9. D] 10. [B] PD} 12. [A] 13. {C] 14. DI 15. [A] BB] 17. D 18. [C] 19. [AC] 20. [AD] [ABC] 22. [ABC] 23. [C] 24. Bl 25. (C] fal 27. [Al 28. [A] [A- QR; B-PR; C-QS;D-PS] 30. [9] 31. BI i} 33. [8] 34. 2) 35. [5] B 2 {Cl 4. [A] 5. [Al Ic] 7. Bl 9 Bl 10. [B] 1D} 12. BY 14. Bl 15. [C] 1B] 17. [1D] 19. (D] 20. [AC] [cp] 22. [BC] 23. [AC] 24. [AB] 25. [CD] IB] 27. [Cl 28. [C] [A-R;B-P;C-Q;D-PQRS] 30. [A-P;B-R;C-Q;D-S] uw 32. [6] 33. [5] 34. [I] 35. [3] PRACTICE PROBLEMS -3 Ic] 2 [Al 3. [C] 4 (C] 5. Bl Ia 7. [Al 8. [A] 9 Bl 10. [C] Ic] 12. [Bl] 13. [A] 14. [Al 15. [B] PD} 17. [Al 18, [A] 19. D] 20. [BI Bi 2. Bl 23. [C] 24. TA] 25. [BC] [ABCD] 27. [ABC] 28. [AB] 29. [ABC] 30. [BC] [ABD] 32. [B] 33. [A] 34. By 35. [7] (4) 37. 3] 38. [9] 39. (2) 40. [6] Rao IIT Academy GD) wersite: www.raolit.com _»)@Rao IT Academy pQpsRao lIT Academy ® Symbol of Excellence and Perfection <7 es JEE | MEDICAL-UG | BOARDS | KVPY | NTSE | OLYMPIADS JEE-MAIN + ADVANCED MATHEMATICS 3D - GEOMETRY C RaoliT Academy (J) Website: www.raolit.com _») ONNJOsNPy oFY Jo UoIsTAICE V—AMPEIY LTT OCA “PIT Ha sa| 3D - Geometry | @Rao IIT Academy S.NO. TOPIC NAME PAGE NO. 11 Rectangular Coordinate System in Space ..103 12 Coordinates of a Point in Space 103 13. Shifting the Origin.. 103 14 Direction Cosines of a Line 104 15 Relation between the Direction Cosines. 104 1.6 Direction Ratios 1105 17 Parallel Lines..... 105 18 Direction Cosines of a Line joining two given Points 106 Practice Problems - 01. . 107 2.1 Equation of Straight Line in Different Forms... sll 2.2 Angle between two Lines «nn 113 2.3. Projection of a Line segment on a given line 114 2.4 — Perpendicular Distance of a Point froma Line ... 114 2.5 Area of a Triangle Practice Problems - 02. 3.1 ThePlane a 3.2 Equation of Plane in Different Forms. 2 3.3. Angle between the Plane & Line 3 | 3.4 Angle betweenthe Planes 2 3.5 Position of Two Points w.r.t.a Plane = | 3.6 Perpendicular Distance & | 3.7 Family of Plane . . . 3.8 Bisector Planes of Angle between two Planes 124 3.9 Intersection of a Line and Plane 124 3.10 Equation of the plane through a given line 124 3.11 Eq. of astraight line intersecting two given liNeS ...ninsnrnneninnnnn 124 3.12 Equation of the plane through a given lin 3.13 Coplanar lines & the equation of plane containing two given lines 128 Practice Problems - 3 .. 4, Answer Sheet... C__RaollT Academy Website: www.raoiit.com _)@Ra 44 4.2 Not 4.3 : Any point on- ‘Academy Rectangular Coordinate System in Space Let'0'be any point in space and three lines perpendicular to each FERRET other. These lines are known as coordinate axes and 0 is called fr origin, The planes XY, YZ, ZX are known as the coordinate planes. Coordinates of a Point in Space Consider a point Pin space whose position is given by triad (x, y,2) where x, y, are perpendicular distance from YZ-plane, ZX-plane and XY-plane respectively. Ifwe assume J. K unit vectors along OX, OY, OZ respectively, then position vector of point Pis xi + yj+ zi or simply (x, y,2). . x-axis = {(x,¥,2) |y=Z=0} + yanis={,% 2) 1x2 © eaxis= (4, 9,2) x= y=0} © xyplane{(%,y,2)12-0} © yeplane~ {(%,y,2) x0} © mplane= (6,2) 1¥=0) © Opa frye Shifting the origin to another point without changing the directions of the axes is called the translation of axes, Let the origin © be shifted to another point O'(X,, y’, z))without changing the direction of axes. Te Let the new coordinate frame be O'X"Y'Z' Let P(x, ¥, 2) bea point with respect to the coordinate frame OXYZ. Then, coordinate of point Pw: O'N'Y’Z’ new coordinate frame (%,,y,.2,), where XSXON SVT SEZ C RaoliT Academy @{) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PT -184 Stonnosnp oF Jo WoISIAICY— AtHOpEDY LIT OFMRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Mustration : 01 Not 1.4 Note : 45 [Ifthe otigin is shifted (1,2, -3) without changing the directions of the axes then find the new coordina es of the point (0, 4, 5) with respect to new frame. [The coordinate of the point w.r1, tonew coordinate frame is (1,2, 8). © Distance between the points P(x,,.¥,,2,) and QU%,,¥,,2,) is VO) HY a Hz)? + Thepoint dividing the line joining P(x, y,,2,) and Q(x, ¥,2,) nm :n ratio is mx, +x, my, tny, mz, +ng ; ( Ne ern een || where mn 20. + Thecoordinates of centroid of triangle having vertices A(X,,¥,,2,), BEX Yq.%)and 1 MEX EX, Y, 3 ty) 242, C6 ,¥5.) 18 of Direction Cosins of a Line Ifa, B,7 bethe angles which a given directed line makes with the positive direction of thex, y, zcoordinate axes respectively, then cosa, cosfi,cosy are called the direction cosines of the given ine and are generally denoted by 1, m, nrespect ely. Thus cos, m-=cosf, n=cosy. By definition it follows that the direction cosine of the axis of x are respectively £08 0, cos 90%, cos 90°i.e, (1, 0,0). Similarly direction cosines ofthe axes of y and z are respectively (0, 1, 0) and (0, 0, 1). + Theunit vector along the line can be writtenas 1 f+m j+n & © Ifd.c'sofine AB is (l,m, n), then d. c's of line BA will be (1, -m, -n) Relation between the Direction Cosines Let OP be any line through the origin O which has direction cosines , m,n, Let P(x, ¥,z) and OP =r, Then OP? =x2 + y? h2= send L) From P draw PA, PB, PC perpendicular on the coordinate axes, so that OA =x . OB =y, OC =z Also, ZPOA =a, ZPOB=B and POC = y Fromtriangle AOR, |= cosa ==> x= Ir C RaoliT Academy @{J) Website: www.raolit.com@Ra Not 1.6 Ex. Not 47 ‘Academy Similarly y=mrand=nr Hence fom (1) Fe m+n)= © ifth coordinates of any point Pbe (x, ¥,2) and I, m, n be the direction cosines of the line OP, ‘O being the origin, then (Ir, mr, mt) will give us the coordinates of a point on the line OP which, is ata distance from (0, 0, 0). Direction Ratios fa, b, care three numbers proportional to the direction cosines I, m,n ofastraight line, then a,b, care called its direction ratios. They are also called direction numbers or direction ‘components, 2k (say) e Hence by definition, wehave + => IF ak, m=bk,n=ck > K@ +b + e)=P bm n= 1 ve" Similarly m= here the same sign either positive or negative is to b vue be chosen throughout 2 1f2,-3, Gbe the direction ratios, then the actual direction cosines are = «Direction cosines ofa line are unique but direction ratios ofa line in no way unique but can beinfinite. © Anyvectoralong given direction a, b, cis ai +bj-+ek Parallel Lines Since parallel lines have the same direction, it follows that the direction cosines of two or more parallel straight lines are the same, So in case of lines, which do not pass through the origin, we can draw a parallel line passing through the origin and direction cosines of that the line can be found. Ilustration : 02 If 1,,m,,n, and 1, m, n, are the d.c’s of two concurrent lines, show that the d.c’s of two lines bisecting the angles between them are proportional to |, #1,, m, m,n, £n, C RaoliT Academy (J) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. @Rao HT Academy Solution : Let O be the origin, Draw OA and OB parallel to the given concurrent : lines. Cut off OA = OB =r. Then the coordinate of A and B are (1,r.m,3,,1) and (1,r,m,1,n,1) respectively. 5 de Again take a point C on BO produced such that OB = OC =r. Thus the coordinates of C are (-I,1,-m, 1, -n,r). Suppose M and N are the middle ‘ points of ABandCA. Then the coordinates of M and N are OM and ON are the intemal and external bisectors of the angle AOB. Hence the direction ratios OM and ON are 4, +1,)", £(m,+m,)e, b(n, + and ON are 54 +1 )8, 5 (mn, +m, )6, (0 1a, -tpr, km, -m,)r, ben, nye ive the d.c's of OM and S(k-l)e, 5(m,—m,)n $(0,—n,)t respectively i.e. the d's of OM and ON are proportional to, 1ym, + mn, +n, and, -1,,m,-m,.n, -n, 4.8 Direction Cosines of a Line joining two given Points The direction ratios of line PQ joining P(x,.¥4.2,) and Qe, Yy.7) x,~a(say),y,-y, ~b(say) and , -7,~e(say). Then direction J arex Mlustration : 03 Find the direction ratios and direction cosines of the line joining the points A(6, -7, -1) and BQ, -3, 1) Solution : Direction ratios of AB are (4, -4, -2)=(2,-2,-1) att b+ Direction cosines are (C__RaollT Academy QQ) _ Website: www.raoiit.com__»)@Ra cadem PRACTICE PROBLEMS 0 Q1__Thecoordinates of the points which trisect the line segment AB, given that 4(2,1,—3) and B(5,-8,3) is (A) (3,-2,-1) (B) (-3,2,-1) (C) (4,-5.1) (D) Both A and C Q2__ Ifthe points A(3, 2, 4), BO, 8, -10) & C{S, 4,6) are collinear, then the ratio in which C divides ABis (ay23 B12 (x4 (13 Q3 AU,2.3),B@4,D,CC1, BC in Dthen point Dis .—3) are the vertices of A ABC & the bisector of angle A meets wh \ (3, 5, -1 10,=, 7 >P 3,-5.1) wes-p — @[1935) olf 7s} OG) Q4 — Ifalinemakes angles a, fb, y withx-aixs , y-axis & z-axis respectively then the value of cosa + cos2B + cos2y i ®-1 ©2 02 © Direction cosines ofa line passes through the points (6,—7,—1) & (2,3, 1) such that angle with positive x -axis is acute are Q.6 Number of possible lines which makes the angle of 60 & 45° with x & y—axis respectively, are (Azo @1 ©2 O)infinite Q.7 The point whichis equidistant from the points (a, 0, 0), (0, , 0), (0,0, ¢)and (0,0, 0) is (ab ey (A) (a,b,0) @)(Va.vbve) (©) (24,26,2¢) (FG) Q8 _IFL,Marethe fect ofthe perpendiculars from (2,4, 5) to the xy-plane, yz-plane respectively, then the distance LM is (A) JT units: (B) 20 units (C) J29 units (D) 35 units 9 Iftwo vertices ofan equilateral triangle are (2, 1,5)and (3,2, 3) then its third vertex may be: (ay(,2.4) (B) (4,0,4) ©) 0,-4.4) (0) 44,1) C Rao IIT Academy GH Website : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy Qo qu Qu4 Q6 Quy Qs Qs If xy-plane and yz-plane divides the line segment joining A(2, 4, 5) and BG, 5,4) in the ratios (a ) a:b and pg respectively then value of |; + | maybe era) 21 10 If, 1, a) is the centroid of the triangle formed by the points (1, 2, -3), (b, 0, 1) and (1, 1,4) then value of (a -6) is 2B 7 ot AT ®s Og ©) (As (B)-7 os M1 The circum centre of the triangle formed by the points (2, 5, 1), (1,4,-3)and (-2, 7,-3) is (A) (60,1) (B) (06-1) (1,62) (D)6.1,-2) Ifthe projections ofthe line segment AB on the coordinate axes ate 2,3, 6 then the square of the sine ofthe angle made by AB with OY axis is, 40 3 = 40 > OZ OF A=(x,9),2)) and B=(x;,y2,2,) aretwo points. If (/,m,n) are the direction cosines of CD and I(x, —%,) +m() Dis (ayo ®! o M12 Ifangle between the diagonals ofa cube is @, then value of cos® maybe —y,)+n(z,—2,)=0 then the cos .e of the angle between the lines AB and 1 1 2 (ayo OR Oz Ms The circum radius of the triangle whose vertices are (1, 2,3), (2,—3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) is (A) J14 units (B) 23 units (© Vis units (D)3 units The distance between the circumcentre and the ortho centre of the triangle formed by the points 21,5), G, 2,3) and (4,0, 4) is (A) V6 units o& units (©) 2N6 units (yo =5 22 22) IfGis the centroid ofthe 4 ABC where AI, 6,6). B(-4,9, 6),G| J shen the triangle ABCis (A) anisosceles triangle (Byarightangled triangle (Chan equilateral triangle (D) aright-angled isosceles triangle ‘Arrange the points: A(1,2,-3), B(-1, 2,3), C1, -2,-3) and D (1,-2,~3) in the increasing order oftheir octant numbers: (MABCD (ABCD, (COCDAB (D)DCBA C RaollT Academy @{J)__ Website: www.raolit.com@Ra cadem Ex Q.20. The value(s) of 2 , for which the triangle with vertices (6, 10, 10), (1,0,-5) and (6,—10, 4 ) will bea right angled triangle is are wit 70 Bz (5.2 Q21 Ifthepoints P(2,1,-3), (5,4,3) and R(1,4,7) are three vertices ofa parallelogram PQRS, then the fourth vertex is (A) (1,0,0) (B) (-2,11) (©) (=2,2,1) (D) (2,12) Caer Q.22 LetP.(x,.y,,7,). t= 1, 2,3 be three distinet points where x,..%,3 ¥, with the same common ratio then points P,, P,,P, are areeach in GP. (A) coplanar (B)collinear (©) form an equilateral triangle (D)liesona circle Q.23. The direction cosines of the lines which is perpendicular to the lines with direction ratios proportional to (1,-2,-2)&(0,2,1) are 1 -2 2\ [- “ ( ) @(5 Q.24 Direction ratios of diagonals of a cube whose sides are parallel to co-ordinate axes (A) (LI) (B) {1,1,-1) (©) LL1) () (1,-1.1) Q.25 Aline segment has length 63 and direction ratios are (3,—2,6) ‘The components of the line vector (A)-21, 14, 42 (B) 21,-14, 42 (C) 27, -18, 54 (D) -27, 18, 54 Q.26 If a, fy areroots of x7 -2x?—x+2=0 then centroid of triangle with vertices (at, ,7), (2.22) (B.y,a).(7,0, 8) maybe ol Mere ge) Mere ed Passage - 1 IER (x,y, 2) is apoint dividing the line joining P(x, y, 2) & Q(x,,).2,) isthe ratio of m:n. mx, tmx mystny, | _ mz, +z, then = ye man men men Q.27. The ratio in which the plane 2x-+ 3y + 52=I divides the line joining the points (1,0,—3) & (5, Dis. (Ay3:4 (B)2:3 (ass (2:5 Q.28 The plane ax + by+cz+d= 0 divides the line joining the points (x, ,,2,) 8 (X,)».2,) i the ratio of at By? o£ D)None ofth AF B) > OF (D) None of these C Rao IIT Academy © Wersite : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Q.29 Direction ratios ofa line joining the mid-point ofA (I, 1, 1) & BG, 5, 7) to the origin can be (A) (2.3.4) (B) (4.5.8) (©) (1,2,-3) () (2,-3,4) Passage - 2 Let A(-2, 2, 3) and B (13,~3, 13) are two points in a space and Pe the moving point Q30 If3PA=2PB, then the locus of Pis 28x—-12y+102-247=0 (B) x? +y? +2°—28x4 12y 4102-247 =0 (©) Psy 2? +28x—12y—102+247=0 (D) x+y? +27 28x +12y—102 +247 =0 Q.31 Coordinates of the point P which divides the line joining A and B in the ratio 2:3 intemally are (23,229) (32 -12 17) (A) ley (B) (4,0,7) OlF S 5) 32 Inwhich atio, point P divides the line joining AB such that OP is perpendicular to AB (where O is the origin) (A) 4:29 (B)3:17 (C) 1:34 (D)2:23 eek ie Q.33 Column -T Column - IT - ( 9) A)A directed line makes angles 69° and 45° with the P) [5 fa) x-axis and y-axis respectively the angle it make with z-axisis, af ) B) The acute angle between the lines whose direction cosines, Ql se) are given by 1+ m-4n=0, P + mn’ =0, is C)If 4,8,€ are the feet of the perpendiculars from (3,4, 5) Rye to coordinate axes respectively then angle between AB and ACis D)IE A(4,3,5), B(0,6,0), C(-8,1,4) are the vertices ofa 94 parallelogram ABCD then the angle between AC and BD is (C_RaollT Academy @)_ Website: www.raoiit.com_»)@Ra cadem ern Q34 Ifthe centre of a regular tetrahedron divides the line joining a vertex & centroid of opposite fa ratio of A: p then least positive value (4+ 1) is Q35_ Ina A ABC the mid points of the sides AB, BC, CA are respectively (J, 0,0), (0, m, 0) and (0, 0, n). AB? + BC? + CA? Pom in Then Q.36 If direction ratios of two parallel lines are (4,~3,—I) and (4+ 4,1+ 2,2) then the value of [4+ 11] is Q.37_Iforiginis the orthocentre ofa triangle formed by the points (cos, sin a,0),, (cos f,sin f,0) (cosy,siny,0) then value Y’cos(2a—f -y)is Q.38 If (p,q.1) is equidistant from point (1, 2,3), (2,3, 1) and (-3, 1, 2) then value of (p+q+1) is Q.39 Origin is shifted to the point P(a,B,7) without changing the directions of the axes. Ifthe coordinates of Q with respect to the old axes & new axes are (2,1, 4) & (3, 1,2) respectively then value of Ja+B+ylis Q440 Ifthe locus of point which is equidistant from (2, 3,1) and (-3, 4,-3) is ax +by +ez=d, where ‘a’ is the +e least integer then value of la +b+c+d] is 2.1 Equation of Straight Line in Different Forms + Equation of straight ine passing through point P(x,,y,z,) and whose direction cosines are Imnis SPH 2-H ay w ‘Thisis known as symmetrical form of line Now from (1) we have, eax th, y=yjthm, 2=2,thn Thisis known as parametric form of line + Equation of straight line passing through two points P(x,, y,, %,) and Q(x, Yo, %) is Note : © The general coordinates of a pointon a line is given by (x, + Ir, y, + mr, z, +t) where ris, distance between point (x,,¥,,7,) and point whose coordinates isto be written, Mustration : 04 Find the coordinates of the point where the line joining the points (2, -3, 1) and (3, 4,5) cuts the plane 2x =y+2=7. (_RaoliT Academy QJ) Website: www.raoiit.com _») “PIT 144 Suopnosnpg ovy Jo WoISTAIG V—AuopeoY LIT OryRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Solution : The direction ratios of the line are 3 -2,-4- 3),-5-1 1,6 Hence equation of the line joining the given points Coordinates of any point on this line are(r + 2,-1-3,- 6r+ 1) If this point lies on the given plane 2x +y+z=7, then. 8 c e+ 2)+ (+43) + (6r+ 1) =7 r= Coordinates of any point on this line are (1#2,-C1)-3,-661D= Die. (1,-2.7) Iustration : 05 Ina triangle ABC, D divides BC in the ratio 3 :2 and E divides CA in the ratio 1:3. Thelines AD and BE meet at H and CH meets AB in F. Find the ratio in which F divides AB, Solution : Take C as the origin of reference. Leta, bbe the position vectors of the points A and B respectively. Now the points Disb and the point E is a. The equation of AD and BE are F rea+k{ 25-2) and r=b+ {Jab rspesvey wen) For the point of intersection H,, we have “ Putting these values ofk and tin the equations of the lines AD and BE, we see that the point H is iit sarcb o3 ‘The equations of CH and AB being r a+k(b—a) respectively. Forthe point of intersection F, (2 + *) |=a+k(b—a) 63) = ft ot} {£-4)-0 \6 GB C RaoliT Academy @) Website: www.raolit.com _»)@Rao IT Academy 2 These givet=2; k=+ a+2b Thus, the point Fis , so that F divides AB in the ratio2 : 1. 2.2 Angle between two Lines Let 9 be the angle between two straight line AB and AC whose direction cosines are, m,,n, and 1,, myn, respectively, is given by cos 1,1, +m,m, +n,n, ifdirection ratios oftwo lines are a,,b,.¢ and a, by, ¢, are given, then angle between two lines is given b+ +b, +e) a, Result : «| Wehave sin’ 0 =1-cos*@=(, +m,’ +n,*)(1,’ +m,’ +n,")-(11, +m,m, +n, = (hm, —tam y+ mama) (msm) = 5nd = 41S) + Condition of perpendicularity : Ifthe given lines are perpendicular, then @=90" ie. cos6=0 =], +m,m, +n,n, =0 or aa, +b,b, +e,¢, =0 «Condition of parallelism : Ifthe given lines are parallel, then @ = 0° ie. sin =0 = (lm, =1,m,)? + (myn, m,n,)? + (11, —141,)? = 0 Which s tue, only when Lm, «lm, =0,m,n,-m,n,=0and m1, «n,1,=0 Mlustration : 06 Ifpoints P, Q are (2, 3, 4), (1, -2,1),then prove that OP is perpendicular to OQ where 0 is (0,0, 0) Solution : The direction ratios of OP are 2-0, 3-0,4- 0, i.e.2,3,4 ‘The direction ratios of OQ are 1-0,-2-0,1- Die, 1,-2,1 Now aa, +b,b, + e,¢,-2.14+3.(-2)+4.1-0 So OP is perpendicular to. OQ (CC RaoliT Academy QB) _ Website: www.raoiit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy 2.3 Projection of a Line segment on a given line Projection of the line joining two point P(x,, ¥,,2,) and Q(% ¥q.2,) on another line whose direction cosines are (/,m,7) is Mean t AB=I(x,-x,)+m(y,-y,) + n(z, -z,). Here PQ and AB need not, be coplanar, 2.4 Perpendicular Distance of a Point from a Line Let AB is straight line passing through point A(a, b,c) and Peay) having direction cosines , m,n. AN = projection of line AP on straight line AB= (xa) +m(y—b) +n(z—e) and ; perpendicular distance of point P Kx-ay +(y A@bo) N PN= JAPAN? Ilustration : 07 Find out perpendicular distance of point P(0, -1, 3) from straight line passing through A(1,-3, 2) and BQ, -1, 4). Solution : Direction ratios ofthe ine AB are 1,2,2 122 Direction cosines ofthe lines —P—, —2 a ie 42,2 MP 4242?" VP 4242? VP +242? 3 33 Projection of AP on the line AB 1 2 2 AN =1(4- a) Fim(y -b) + ne) = GO-D+F C143) +5 AP= (0-1) +(-143)' +G-2)' = v6 —— _ fo Perpendicular distance PN = VAP* — AN? =o 2.5 Area of a Triangle ly, 4 | Ix, 2% 1 I, ys | Aisaren) azth, 2 hay-th, 2, ha,-4h | af % Way=she } As = 5p ly, 2 Ik, 2 Ik, | So, area of AABC is given by the relation , Birr Cts 342) SaAC HAs +a? (C__RaollT Academy @)_— Website: www.raoiit.com__»)@Ra ‘Academy Shortest Distance Between Two Skew ines (Non-Parallel, Non- Intersecting Lines) ‘Two lines which the nonparallel,non-intersecting lines if they do not lie in the same plane are called skew lines is called the line of shortest distance and length of shortest distance line intercepted between two lines is called length of shortest distance. 25.1 Method : Vector form : Iftwo lines /, and /, are parallel, then they are coplanar. Let the lines be givenby + pb where, is the position vector of point on J, and , is the position vector of apoint on /, The shortest distance between the given parallel lines is Bx(: | le] d Cartesian form: Let the equation of two non-intersecting lines be X-x,_Y-yy_ 2+ (2) Any point on line (I) is P(x, +I y, +1\7).% +2,1,) and on line (2)is QC, + Lye y, tm, Z, 41). Let PQ be the line of shortest distance, its direction ratios will be ng] This lines perpendicular to both the given lines. Byusing condition of perpendicularity we obtain two equations in r, andr, Ur, Fx, = =n) (mr, + yl =yy-myr) (nyt, +2, - So by solving these, values ofr, and r, and subsequently point P and Q can be found. The distance PQis the shortest distance. Note : + Theshortest distance between two lines can be given by Ra-X Ya ¥y 2-2 | mon om om ‘+ Ifanystraight line is given in general form then it can be transformed into symmetrical form and we can further proceed. (CC RaoliT Academy QB) Website: www.raoiit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Mlustration Rao ‘Academy Find the shortest distance between the lines find the equation of the line of the shortest distance, Solution : PGr Grits) The coordinates of any point P on the first line are (3r+6 +7r+4) and those of Q on the second line are (-3R, 2R- 9, 4R +2) where ris proportional to the distance of P from the point (6, 7, 4) and R to the OSRIRI.AR+2) distance of Q from the point (0,9, 2). The d.c.s'of PQ are proportional to -3R -3r- 6, 2R + 1-16, 4R -r- 2. The points P and Q will be nearest to each other if PQ is at right angles to both the lines, Therefore, we have 3(-3R = 3r- 6) +(-1) QR+r-16) +1 GR-r-2)=0 and -3 (3R -3r-6) +2 QR 41-16) +4 (AR -r-2)=0 [Using a,a,+b,b, + e,c,=0] ie, IR Lr+4=Oand 29R + 7r-22=0 Solving these, we getr=-1,R= Pand Q are the points (3, 8, 3) and (-3,- 7, 6) respectively. The shortest distance PQ= ,/(-3—3)' + (-7—8) + (6-3) = 270 units. The equation of PQis, x-3_y-8_ 2-3 C RaoliT Academy @J) Website: www.raolit.comRa cadem PRACTICE PROBLEMS QO { /23 QU Theangle between the lines whose dire 7 , , wo'(Ss) wor'(Ss) © sn" Q2__ The direction cosines of the line which is perpendicular to the lines with direction cosines proportional to (1, -2, -2) & (0, 2, 1) are Q.3.—Theangle between the lines whose direction cosines are given by the equations 3/-+m-+Sn=0and 6mn—2n/ + Sim =0 £ al » doe x WF (B) co's (© e085 4 Q4 The proj ons ofthe line segment joining points P(-1, 2, 3) and Q(1 ,0,4) ona line inclined equal with the coordinates axes is 1 1 OR OB O3 OF QS Aditected line segment makes angles 45° and 60° with x-axis and y-axis respectively and an acute angle with z-axis. IfP(-1, 2,3) and Q(4, 3, 1) are two points in space, then the projection of PQ on the given lineis ay 58 +1) @) 3(3-1) © Sv +1) ) se Q6 If Qbethe foot ofperpendicular from P2, 4,3) on the line joining the points A(1, 2,4) and BG, 4, 5) then the co-ordinates of Q are 19 28 41 (19 28 41) Aloo, NSFs] © 999 3 Q.7 The area of the triangle whose vertices are A(1, 2, 3), B(2,—1, 1) and C(1, 2,4) is (D) None of th 5 5 i 7 (SAF squnis SB sqanis (© ZT squnits (>) 2V0F squits [2 y+2 2 © CG Rao IIT Academy “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy Qs Qo The distance of the point (2, 3, ) from the plane 3x + 2y +2z-+5=0, measured parallel to the line x43_y-2_z (A) Suits (B)6units ©7umits (D)8units The Cartesian equation of line 6x2 =3y + 1 = 2z~2is given by Qu2 3 14 Qs The angle between the diagonals of the parallelogram formed by the points (1, 2, 3),(-1, 2,3,2),(4, 7, 6) is 1 - =f_7 (a) eos! (B) cos () (© cos (Jaz, If @ is the angle between two lines whose direction ratios are (1,-2,1) and (4,3,2) then value of (2) some!) 1 (A) 2 Oar © wt (D) undefined. If the direction ratios of two lines are (1,~2,3) and (2,0,1) then the direction ratios ofthe line perpendicular to both the given ines are (a) (2.5.4) ®) (2,-5.4) © (25-4) (D) (15.4) Let the projections of the line segment AB on the coordinate axes are 12,3 and k..IfAB = 13 then value of (k* -2k +3) is (ayo (1 (ou (D)27 The coordinates of a point of the line ata distance 4yTA wits from the point (1,1, 0) nearer to the origin is (A) @,-13,4) (B) (p14 +1, -12Vi4-1, 4VT4) oun) (©) (-WiFH1, 121, ~via) C RaoliT Academy @J) Website: www.raolit.com@Ra cadem Q.17 Shortest distance between the lines and- 1 1 1 1 (A) g umits B) YE units (©) FR nits (D) units Q.18 _Ifapointmoves so that the sum of the square ofits distances from the six faces of a cube having length, ofeach edge 2 unit s, then the distance ofthe point from point (1,1,1)is, (A)avariable (B) constant equal to 2/5 units. (C)aconstant equal to 29 units (D) cannot be determined -k 1 2 Q.19 _Iftwo lines == intersect at apoint then value of “k* is 2 9 Ws ®>5 OF OF Q20 (A) ¥260 units B) J270 units (©) 280 units (D) 290 units Q21 Thelines (A)intersecting (B) skew (parallel (D) coincident Q.22 Sum ofall values of ‘p’ for which the lines whose vector equations are r= 2)-3]+ Th +A(2i+ pj+5k) and r=1+2)-+3k-+ u(3i—pj-+ ph) are perpendicular for allvalues of 2 and pis (A)3 (B)6 (Os (7 Q.23. Apoint Qata distance 3 from the point P(I, 1, 1) lying on the line joining the points A(0,—1, 3) and Phas the coordi (A) 2,3,-D (B) 4,7, Ol ) eee Passage : 1 Let a=66 +774 5=31+2j-28, and point P(1,2,3) Q.24 The position vector of L, the foot of the perpendicular from P on the line 7 — 4 + jis (A) 6f+7j+7 — (B)38+27-2% = (C3i+sjr9e =D) 9F oj+se C Rao IIT Academy @ _ Wersite : www.rao —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Q25_ Theimage of the point P inthe line = 94 ab is (A) (11, 12, 11) (B)6,2,-7) (©), 8, 15) (D) (17, 16, 7) Q.26 IfAisthe point with position vector g then area ofthe triangle ap in sq, units is equal to (A) 36 ®) © 7 vit Oz Passage : 2 ‘Suppose direction cosines oftwo lines are given by ul 4-vm-+ wn =0 and al* + bm? + en? =o Whete u,v, w,a,b,¢ are arbitrary constants and Lm,n are direction cosines ofthe line Q27 For y=y=w=1 both lines satisfies the relation erdroft}-a(2}oiesn-0 — @cra(t] ea(2oeo-o (m {m) © a=[™) +29 ac +a)=0 — (D)Alloftheabove Q.28 Thegivenlines will beparallel if 0 wr e2-o AW DwWe+o=0 are 0 ore Q.29 The given lines will be perpendicular if (A) Dw (a-1)=0 (B) Ywb-c)=0 ©) Lv (a+b)=0 O)YW +o) 1 1 z+10 8 Q.30 Ifthe reflection of the point P(1,0,0) in the line is (a,b,c) then value of Ja+b+elis Q31_ P.Q,R, Sarethe points (1, 2,-2),(8, 10, 11), (1,2, 3) and (3,5, 7) respectively. If% denotes 29 the projection of PQ on RS then numerical value of “> x-4_y-I7_z-Il_ x-15_y-9_2-8 Q32 Thelines == and Fp intersect atthe point P, Ifsquare of the k distance ofP from the origin is’ then numerical value of 555 is (_RaollT Academy &)_— Website: www.raoiit.com__»)Q36 = intersect at a point then value of 2k is If (, B,7) are the angles which a line makes with positive direction of the axes, then value of cos’ a+-c0s(f +7)cos(f—7) is If p is the perpendicular distance from an angular point of a cube whose length of each side equal to 3 units, to a diagonal which does not pass through that angular point, then value of ‘p" is equal to Consider two lines L; ratios are(2,2,1) inters represents distance between A and B) 34 3.2 The Plane Consider the locus of a point P(x, y,2).Ifx, y,z are allowed to vary without any restriction for their different combinations, we have a set of points lie P. The surface on which these point le, is called the locus of P. It may be a plane or any curved surface. If be any other point on it’s locus and all points of the straight line PQ lie onitis a plane. In other words ifthe straight ine PQ, however small and in whatever direction it may be, lies completely on the locus, itis otherwise any curved surface, Equation of Plane in Different Forms + General equation ofa plane is ax + by + ez-+d=0. (where a be gives the direction ratios of the normal to the plane. «Equation of the plane in Normal form is Ix + my +1=p where pis the length of the normal from the origin to the plane and (1, m, n) be the direction cosines of the normal + The equation to the plane passing through P(x,,y,,7,) and is perpendicular to given line having direction ratios (a,b, ¢)is a(x-x,)+biy-y,) + e(2-z,)=0. . ‘The equation of the plane passing through three non-collinear points (x,,Y,,2,)s XY») (xx) (y-y) @-2) and (%,¥2)is |(x2-%,) Ga-y) @—%)] = 9. Ks—x) (s-¥) G2) +The equation of the plane whose intercepts area, b, con the x,y, 2-axes respectively is x ¥,2 Syd 2at(a,b,cx0) at bre bee © Equation of YZ plane is x=0 & Equation of plane parallel to YZ plane isx = d. C RaollT Academy @@) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. OREO Rao rT Academy © Equation of ZX plane is y~ 0 & Equation of plane parallel to ZX plane is y~ d. «Equation of XY plane isz=0 & Equation of plane parallel to XY planeis z~4. + Four points namely A(X, ¥j, %) BOS, Yor %)s CO, Yor %) and Dy y, Yon %) Will be coplanar ifone point lies on the plane passing through other three points. Iustration : 09 Find the equation to the plane passing through the point (2, -1, 3) which is the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the origin to the plane. Solution : The direction ratios of the normal to the plane are 2, -1, 3. The equation of required plane is, 2(K-2)- (y+ 1) +3@-3)=0 > 2x-y+3z-14=0. Mustration : 10 Find the equation of the line 3x - 6y—2z- 15 =2x + y—5 =O in parametric form. Solution : 3i-2}-2k and 2i—}—2k are the vectors perpendicular to the given planes and hence to the required line. Hence (31- 6] 2k)x(2i the required line are 14,2 and 15. j-2k) =14i +2} +15k is parallel to the required line i.e., ratios of ‘Now fora point on the required line, we find the point of intersection of the required line with the xy plane (having equation 70). Thex andy coordinates of the point on the plane z~0 where the required line intersects it is the solution of 3x — 6y= 15 and 2x +y Hence required point is (3,-1, 0). x-3_ytl_z a 2 15 The required equation is 3.3 Angle between the jane & Ii Ifequation of'a plane is ax + by +cz+ d=0,then direction ratios of normal to this plane are a,b,c. The equation of straight line is = =n then angle between normal to the plane and straight line is given by sin 0 = where 9 isthe angle between plane and line. Plane and straight line will be parallel ifal + bm+en=0 Plane and struight line will be perpendiculerit 2-2. — © T mn The line lies in the plane ifal + bm +cn=Oand ax, + by, + ez, =0. (C__RaollT Academy) _— Website: www.raoiit.com__»)@Rao IT Academy | 30 - Geometry | 3.4 Angle between the Planes Angle between the planes is defined as angle between normals to the planes drawn from any point. Angle between the planes a,x + by + ¢,z +d, = 0 and a,x + by + 0,2 +d, = 0 is Not + Ifa,a,+b,b, +¢,c,=0, then the plane are perpendicular to each other. bos © IC pT G then the plane are parallel to each other 3.5 The Straight Line : (Non symmetrical form) Straight line in three dimensional geometry is defined as intersection of two planes. So general equation of straight line is stated as the equations of both planes together i.e. general equation of straight line is a,x +b,y+6,2+4,=O=a,x+ by +6244, sunnnnn( I). So, equation (1) represents straight line which is obtained by intersection of two planes. 3.6 Position of Two Points a Plane Two points P(x,, y,, Z,) and Q(x,, yy, 2) on the same or opposite sides of a plane ax + by + cz =0 according to ax, + by, +z, +d and ax, + by, +-¢z, + d are of same or opposite signs. The plane divides the line joining the points P and Q externally or intemally according to Pand Q are lying on same ot opposite sides of the plane. Mustration : 1A Find the angle between the planes 2x -y+7= I] and x-+ y+ 223. aa, +bb, +E, Solution : cos Year +by +6) (a; +b, +e,') = cos' 3.7 Perpendicular Distance of a point from a plane = The length of the perpendicular from the point P(x,, y,, z,) to the plane ax + by +ez + d= 0 is lax, + by, ez +d va? +b + Note : «The distance between two parallel planes is the algebraic difference of perpendicular distances on the planes from origin, (_RaoliT Academy) _— Website: www.raoiit.com_») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. 3.8 Equation of parallel plane Since parallel planes have the common normal, therefore, equation ofa plane parallel to the plane i, is F ii =d, ,where d, isa constant determined by the given condition. 3.9 Distance between parallel planes Let ax+by+ yd, =0 and a,x-+b,y +02 +d, =0 betwo parallel planes. Then, the distance |d, - 4, 3.10 Family of Planes Equation of plane passing through the line of intersection of two planes u Oandv=0is u+Av=0 Mlustration : 12 Fi ax +By-+yz+5=0 perpendicular to the xy-plane, \d the equation of the plane through the line of intersection of the planes ax + by +ez+d=Oand Sol. The equation ofthe plane through the line of intersection of the planes ax +by +ez+d=Oand ox +By+y2+ (ax bby + ez4 d)-+ Kax+Py+y2+8)=0 or a(a+an)+ y(b+PaA)+2(c+yA)+(d+ yA) =0 ‘Now the equation of the xy-plane ie.z=0 Ifthe planes (2) and (3) are perpendicular to each other, we have Putting this value of 2, in equation (1), the equation of the required plane is (ax + by + ez+d)- (ax -+Py+yz+8)=0 Y or (ary +ea)x + (by—eP)y + (dy —c3) =0 3.11 Bisector Planes of Angle between two Planes The equation of the planes bisecting the angles between two given planes a,x+b,y+e,z-+d,=0 and a,x + by + ¢,2+d,=Ois Note : © Ifangle between bisector plane and one of the plane is less than 45° then itis acute angle bisector otherwise + Ifa,a, +b,b, ~¢,¢, is megative, then origin les in the acute angle between the given planes provided d, and d, are of same sign and ifa,a, +b,b, +¢,¢, is positive, then origin lies in is obtuse angle bisector. the obtuse angle between the given planes. (C_RaollTAcademy J) _ Website: www.raoiit.com__)@Rao IT Academy | 30 - Geometry | Mlustration : 13 Show that the origin lies in the acute angle between the plane x + 2y + 2z- 9 — 0 and 4x-3y+ 122+ 13 =0, Find the plane bisecting the angle between them and distinguish the acute angle bisector Solution: — -x-2y-2z+9=0 sonnel) and 4x - 3y + 122+ 13=0 2) <1) 4+ (-2). 3) + (-2). 12 = negative Hence origin lies in the acute angle between plane (1) and (2) ‘The equation of bisector planes between the given planes are _ Xa 2y- 2249 _ | 4x—3y 4122413 Viv4ar4 Vi6+ 94144 => 25x + [Ty + 622-78=0 3) x +3Sy-10z- 156=0 senna) ‘As origin lies in acute angle so acute angle bisector will be respectively by (3) Mlustration | 14 Find the equation of plane passing through the intersection of planes 2x - 4y + 32 +50, x-+y4+z=6and parallel to straight line having direction cosines (1, -1, 1). Solution : Equation of required plane be (2x-43 3245)4A(x+y-2-6)=0 ie. (240K (4+ Ay +2132) + (S62) =0 This plane is parallel to a straight line . So, al +bm +e 1(241)+(-44A) +(-DB-2)=0 ie k=-3 Equation of required plane is -x - Ty + 6z+23=0 ie.x + Ty -62-23=0. 3.12 Equation of the plane through a given line (@ —_Ifequation of line is given in general form asa.x+by+e2+d, a,x+by+e,2+d, =O the equation of plane passing through this line is (axtbytez+d)+ .ax+by+e2+d,)=0 (CC RaoliT Academy (GB) _— Website: www.raoiit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy Gi) If equation of the line is given in symmetrical form as then equation of plane is (x - x,) + bly - y,) + e(z - z) = 0. Where a, b, © are given by al+bm+en=0, Iustration 15 Find the equation of the plane which contains the two parallel lines 5** _yt4_2-1 Solution : ‘The equations of the two parallel lines are xt]_y-2_ 2-0 3) 2~~C«d Al) and (2) ‘the equation of any plane through the line (1) is atx + 1) + b¢y-2) +ez=0 @) (a) the line (2) will also lie on the plane (3) ifthe point 3, -4, 1) lies on the plane (3), where 3a+ 2b and for this we have a3 +1) + b-4-2)+e=o0rda- 6b (5) Solving (4) and (5), we get ee Putting the values of a, b,c in (3), the required equation of the plane is 8x + y -26z-+6=0. Mlustration :16 Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (0, 7,-7) and containing the line xtl_y 3 Solution : Any plane through (0, 7,-7)is a(X-0) +(Y-T)t eZ#T)-O LD) 1G) contains the given line, it must pass through the point -1, 3, -2) and must be parallel to this ine As (i) passes through (-1, 3, -2), we get (C_RaollT Academy (J) _— Website: www.raoiit.com _»)@Ra ‘Academy a(-1-0)+b3-T}+e(-247)0, ie, at4b-Se=0 (i) Also, (i) is parallel to the given line (3)a+2b+1.£=0, Le, 3at2d+e=0.... (iil) (iyand Git) abe a Ls aabac=k(let ew we) Putting a=k, b=k and o=k in i) we get kext k(y-7)#K(Z47)H0 01 xhy+2=0 which isthe required equation of the plane. Mustration : 17 ‘Aline with direction cosines proportional to (2, 7,-5) is drawn to intersect the lines yo3_2-6 S_y-7_ 242 Find the coordinate of the points of intersection and the length intercepted on it, Also find the equation of intersecting straight line. Solution: Thegiven equations 242 cose L) (2) any point P on (1) is Gr, +5, -r, + 7,1, - 2) and any point Q on (2) is 3, 2, +3, 41, +6) the direction ratios of PQ are (3r, + 31, 8,-1, -2r, +4,1, -4r,- 8) @) ‘Suppose the line with d.’s 2,7, -5 will be proportional tothe dirs given by (3) 4 4) Solving (4), we get r, So point of intersection are P(2, 8,-3) and Q(O, 1, 2) and intercepted length =PQ= (2-0) +(8-1)* +(-3-2)° = V8 and equation of PQ is, 2. 7 3 C RaoliT Academy @@) Website: www.raolit.com _) “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy 3.13 Coplanar lines and the equation of plane contal ing two given I es: Invector form Ifthe lines 7 = d, + AB, and # = a, + 4b, are coplanar, then [448]-[aAe] and the equation of plane containing them is, and the equation of plane containing them is jr-x, y-y, 2-3, jkr-x, yy, 27% 1 mm, |=0or] om om, |=0 Loom om hom om Mlustration : 18 Show thatthe lines x43 -l_z-5 x+l = and *** are coplanar 3 1 5 -1 Solution + Here, x, Now, consider the determinant Ja- 2-H ‘Therefore, lines are coplanar, (C_RaollT Academy J) _— Website: www.raoiit.com__»)Ra cadem PRACTICE PROBLEMS e QI Aplane meets th troid of triangle ABC is the point (p. 4,1). Then the equation of the plane is. ‘oordina axes in A, B, C such that the et (A) xy 3 © prtgy+r=3 (D> Pq =3pqr (BY tT par BG Q2__IfPisthepoint (2, 3,~1), then the equation of the plane through P which is at right angle to the line OP, where O is the origin is given by (Adar s3y+ =16 (B) 4x43y—z=18 (©) 2x-3y-244=0 (D) 2x+3y-2=14 Q3° Equation of the plane which passes through the point (2, 1, 4) and is perpendicular to each of the planes 9x —7y + 62+48=0 and x ~y—z=7is (A) x+5y4162=71 (B) x-Sy+16z=61 (©) x415y+162=81 (D) x+5y—162+57=0 Q4 The equation ofthe plane passing through the intersection of the planes 2x—3y + z-4=0 and x-y+z+1=Oand perpendicularto the plane x +2y—3z +6 =0is (A) x-5y-32-23=0 (B) x+5y—32-23=0 (C) xt Sp432423= (D) x-Sy-32-11= Q5 The angle between the line and the plane y+z+2=0is 1 1 0 WF Bz OF OF Q6 The equation of the plane passing through intersection of the planes 2x + y— x-l 5x—3y +4249 ~ 0 and parallel tothe line (A) x+9y-102-17=0 (B) x+2y-202-17=0 (©) Tx49y-10z-27=0 (D) 3x+5y-102-7=0 Q.7 The equation of the plane through the point 1, 3, 1) and perpendicularto the line 2x + 3y +42—5=0= 3x + dy + 52-6 is (A) x-Sy-32-23=0 (B) 4x—3y+z=10 (©) x-2y 424620 (0) 2x- C Rao IIT Academy © _ Website : www.rao z+ 6=0 —- “PIT 14d Suopnfosnpg ory Jo WoISTAIG V— AuopeoY LITORao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. | 3D - Geometry | Rao IIT Academy Qs Qo Quo qu Q2 Qu3 Qua Quis The equation ofthe plane containing the lines (Axtyr2=0 B)x-ytz=0 ‘The equation of the plane containing the line x42 2 (A) 13x-11y-72-86=0 (B) 13x-3y-72-38=0 (C) 13x-LHy-72 +86 =0 (D) 13x-13y—72+38=0 The equation of the plane bisecting the line segment joining points (-3, 3, 2) & (9, 5,4) also perpen- dicular to it, is (A) x-y 442-1150 (B) 2x-2y+72-19=0 (©) x-Ty+2z419=0 (D) 6x+y+2-25=0 The product of the direction cosines ofa line perpendicular to the plane passing through the points (4,0,0), (0,2,0) and ( 1,0,1) may be 6 3 2 OW @5 OW OW -3)4+68)=5 and F.(6i-9j +18k)+20=0 is The distance between the planes 7 2 5 “ 5 units D) 5 units 4 units (B) 5 units © 1 If equation of the plane 2x —3y +62 =7 inthe normal formis [x + my +nz = pthen: valueof =? s (Ay2 py? o> pt “ ws oF ot Ifthe perpendicular distance from (1,2,4)to theplane 2+ 2y—z+k =0 is 3 units, then value of (k-4) maybe (7 (B)-11 (15 (D) None of these xy - Theplane 5 +2 +2 =I cuts the axes in A,B, Cthen the area ofthe A ABCis 3.4 (A) V2 sqamits —(B) JF squmits — (©) YET sqamits —(D) 3S squuits C RaollT Academy (J) Website: www.raolit.com@Rao IT Academy | 30 - Geometry | Q6 Quiz Quis Quy 20 Quai Q22 Q23 ‘The acute angle between the plane Sx— 4y-+7z-13 = Oand the y-axisis given by (. \ \ f ( \ wen (2) wor) sin (e) owe) Equation of the plane bisecting the acute angle between the planes x-2y+2x+3=0, 3x-6y—2242=0 is (A) l6x-32y +82 +27=0 (B) 2x+4y-202 115 =0 (©) l6x-32y+82-27=0 (D) 2x-4y-202-15=0 ‘The equation of the plane which passes through the line of intersection of the planes 2 — and 3z— y = Oand is perpendicular the plane 4x + Sy—3z=8 (A) 28x-1Ty+92=0 (B) 28x-1ly-92=0 (©) 2x+17y-92=0 (D) 14x-8y+32=0 The direction ratios of the line of intersection of the planes x+y et3y+42-7 are (A) (1,2,-3) ®) (23,1) (©) (4,2-6) () (2,-4,2) Ifthe equation ofthe plane through (2,3,~4) and (1,~1,3) also parallel to x-axisis ax+14y-+ez=d then value of dis wa (B)s (8 (y10 The direction ratios ofa normal tothe plane through (0,0), (0,1,0) which makes anangle of with theplane x+y = 3maybe (a) (lv) @)(LL-V2) ©) (2.2.2) ©) (V2.v2,-1) Let (2,3, I) isthe foot of the perpendicular from (4, 2, 1) to a plane. Ifthe equation of that plane is ax—y-+ez=d then value of (a +d) is (A)2 ®) (C)-2 (D)3 The equation of the plane through the line of intersection of planes ax-+by-+ez+d=0, a'x+bly+e'z-+d'=0 and parallel to the linesy=0=zis (A) (ab'-a'b) x+(be'-b'c) y+(ad'-a'd) =0 (B) (ab'-a'b) y+(ac'-a'c)z+(ad'-a'd)=0 (©) (ab'~a'b) x+(be'-b'e)z+(ad'-a'd)=0 (D) None of these C RaollT Academy @) Website: www.raolit.com _») “PYT “HAd suopnqosnpg owy Jo uoIsTAIG V— AWapEDY LIT OFRao IIT Academy —A Division of Rao Edusolutions Pvt. Ltd. Q.24 _Avariable plane passes through the fixed point (a,b,c) and intersects the coordinate axes at A, B, C. The locus of the point of intersection of the three planes through A, B, C and parallel to the coordinate planes is a,b © arthytez=1 DZ ws Q.25. Ifaplane ax+by-+ cz =d passes through the point (1,1,1), where 5

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