* ¥ +* * x * ~* * Conte “Tan post Entamples ob Various riedes off Carvin tempat —Y Random Thernuh naction of canviers unde equilibiion “ACE “Sees yun wri ain Common bi i Fi oelechic pane Come bes te dvift, diffusion cand themockechic umsars Dippin Chunvent Mobility beheviewr—~ Candachvity Vs “Tampeatture tm an exhrintic seuitnductr Daft pom enegy bal poril of view Hall Ebhect Chak Stab of 4:05amExenples of Various mode of camiot trawport w +s — ‘fe tearkal Geet GQ wet eld Le Thermo— Electte cuurent, Due +> -Fampegetve godien Bg pt We . 3 sort kt ess x ACE Huon — 1), 2% Diffusion — Due b concentration qadioit spiekwess ig Neg Smal @) SecoRandom thermal motion eff carters Under exysilzbrtun oy Ny Feo a: Scallewog ‘ACE The veult of collision of the 4 parkde With olfer pavtichs sat . that are pretest in The C Gown Cet aptor clue Be direction of moton on flaw 2 ob the particle changes > The dbperest partidos that are present ave 2 Phonom (Pato are nab Uta, bet @: ‘the imomarhun ontocisted Wil * oe Probon ig Mery Swall aud The ACP 4 Sonica Taps elbect of calico is nepésible,) The Aaffyrent scattering mechoni sing Tat ave possible are & Lettie scalleng / Phonen Scattering K Govien — Coviey scatter + Tonized Seapisihy SolvingTh case of Lace ceotkiing, There 15a prysical clin oy pactche (on coven with Lthic chuctoe. Bil in offer sto chp of collisions, je camer cemiey and Torized impurity The chances of recombinetion Vara Las compared fo Rancet oh calling, bebveen and fe Dae to Tse Aibfeeedt cling mechowtens Tew 16 vandom theoal motion of carriesea >The dictamte bchween any peers ms: fh, TH? successive collisions at SMNY aot & camer “trols is colle “SEEM vo free pai. The anewrge of free pals ic called waean free pati (L.). Si, |e) Tota dicen towel “Number 0b callisiong i Se collisions que we The time bebveen fe Succes, o Calls oo eine of free pa if = Durston of jowney ar tte tine The avenge of © Ni of collisions Slee Bas is coded cs tnnoon free Hime (2g) Properties off Randam Motion + Time av reas W No“ne” motion sade a bs de a packolw Qe %, = cavier and obscene for ‘ACE pee ° Ferner ns dustion 3 ime Erremble_anerage ston sider Linge ruwber % \ |(°) Faeme won Be = Ae (Shan 7 as 12 cK 10S igtam|s T= og mean, Hee ae > collisions per secmd KX Gunior tramspart occu, toheneney “The equilibria Ts distinbed by extemal excitehon The extemal excitation may me poferticd qatient™ OX Concenbration gradient or “remperathon gradient Which vasulhs in dngt , diffpsion and Tamoelectic aunat vaspectvele> Tn a metatal yee elecbon vabiltly iS 5 The chigt voloily Si, 1000 ent /yacec ard Hy = 0.25% an ke obtrind by Se! Th tromel velocity ob clechons és wing law of coramaAc™ 10? cfcec Then cabeubste woearn free of momestein: ce The Fine ard mon fre peli. momeaton applied ic equok > Dvift vebocity en Dupt speed (4 oY) The velocity or speed which am election Aewink bebveen tur collisions is called Avift Velo cathy ov daft Speed * Dern = [yrx toon Bn = 1000 a8 NS © 7 4 im My = 025M = Ol Koasx4gdxlo Wy = 107 Gn] = 42x10%sGommon Basic for Daft Diftsion and Themoclechic Curent plane (os), | ene eh chcoweBOn tes ap @ holes cro a (ua SE ad Nusnbec ab holes b Lat onan) Coscci os icp fort - &) te) > Daeahion im which These caied moves MH Canconbation ob holes = P is Ce IDimeninel toy spproxinction aand th iS wani oom > Fla from leph to vight is (EL = Cly/e Fl = thee be 3 MI yen st lat fur FO > Fun i iE] = ee Ry "ACE Fret = frat #O Raquilibyim Non —2apalibyivin So, ft = bCoy Ryobi pa = ¥ Thee is & conceit dient which veal 4-Y, Hg, dete applied deetic ¥ 0, #0, becouse oe ies pe, hae im-dubt oh “fompthne im difuion courant _uwient Ice eb in an 3% Drift, Diffhwsion and Themoeechric cuwest vegult yom the superimposition oh a divected camp onerit Over the yandom campanent: ACE— T=nyv 19 4 T= ny hn & Teint fo pin of nl Fea. ely sen ACE Sfem % femSentconducter T = ngpn€ + Poe Te Vlas bye atric. Ratinic H=pany Enchinnsic Sani cncluctor h—“ype N>Finshi and pany Paevyy pan Mii Paky pe T = 300k Ge Bn = 380° om]v-s Mn = 1200 an] ves My = (900 ent ]v-S My = S00 ent /v-sSs ju ACE E (Men) yrs TV Negakve veristauto > Glenkate ‘hint. resistivity ond cmduchvihy of Ge amd Sj ak T = 200K n = mol Mt), AR Ge i B SL ny = 2-Sx10 Jan wy = eS x18 em > Mn = sa00 oft Ma = [200 of HS Mp = | cw My = spe aa] vs OFT = 00224 Jem OF = 2K 10 vlan P= eG a am hos 2314s) OoDifhsion Cameont™ — Te op me Di vf y —~o| Semiconductor = & du , a —~ hou = —IDp Ap Pp mn sp Koh) ep bmw = 4D {x Dpidn~ bitin econ 4=0 x Pp aie on che recpectyy (cm/s) => The tol auvent dueto Es _ In = Those + Shoat ee Hh ny Mae + YD wa aX > The to coment due hits ee a 2" Foot * Trap = bape - a Deb we 7 resist = PeFin tein Relation ke = “ 2kT wae, 2 Y ‘, EA CO rr 09) Un Buy = Limp the ve ee a > emp) v 3 KT = MH —2d * Fa a 3D problem Ire KE off Fe |p cate gr = kT Gr wrolecules vudegqeing radon Treonal michion is exact ‘dental a = x = Vp Tee KE ob camies wndegoirg random Thermal motor Dp. Bay DV) @& ~ ~~ T Mp a T i “ker Vp 2 KT = I], Wot epatdent ob tepoahe THEOL pol ge CY Khe Gucten rabcion dicks Tak Tore Tea Common bewis Hr both daft and diffucim.> Find dibtewion conctowis Dy and Dp fo Es aud b's Yespectly in Ge ond Si. De. Bae vp = se = Fa a St My = 2600 NAS Huy = (200 anft-$ Pp = $800 om7Jv-S My = $00 ew7v-S Dp = Mp & Mr cms Dp = pwr 2 IZ o/c Dy = Ny v Aon]s Dy = MVE & 24 emf Rroperhin Fleck Pnpetgy oh Ge ond s & 4 > Aiemic Number 32 4 Nw TF Atomic: denthy (Jad ) Mee D810 5x0 Io ACE > Wt 200K (Jad) 2 Sx > sno > Tabinwe wsisity Yow bs ae > Rewise cabwaban cust (Ie) MA . ° > Range off ponding femporatre boc +8e —bdef +lstc : hi Pa heen eapaty low high 2 ety ow or oe : Patent [0 e02, 1300 Sw hes \g Se 3 BR he 13> Derive om equosten for rxivinam cenductivity th the semicenductey. Sina. Ve yo > Wwe. 4 ss, a s le will a ninimun vlee N CR @ es 209 os ny pan a Mp Ga = UH La ae an when ois iin cerceniehoneb te mis p_\ raisin = Fe rrump 2 Tran =mifBe atin +i [Fee VHP A Seaticonductas han the spellowing parsmelets, My = F500 OW /V-c, Mp = 300 cmtfves and my =36xI0 fod P= nid Pp Find yoo by" Se WD Hole concenbabion tn Sunicandwcer = SHOE feo then conductivity {© panini G) Electron concerbatonin ee WE LTE = abn 3, a hen corduchiity is = Faxd fat GY Miniagum conduct eosin = OIF 2x sands rexigy Fone C428 Ca —an) |7 A silicon semple A is doped wilh oSatmntlek of Boron. frctiew srmple BR oh Tdatfeak dimensions is doped wit jd ctomslent of Phosphacus: he iho of elechon to hole mobilily is 3. the yahio of Cerduchity oh The sample #408 is Ma) 2 wy (ANG ies my alg ot a The candy of a. somicentucter cyl dus to aig Cunreet camer ic Nor pepartionl to a mobility oh chonge comets = NY Mn + PIMp UB efjecve ceaies of cbr = NL te =p lier wo haem eb a ny eR (@ se ss th sient Cee—> ty nchpe somtomductrr ic n-type ‘Mlanineted by a cteady flume eb hv = Photon. with eneigy grader than the WEE il bandgsp euorgy: The ” "OD, ” conductivity Ca obey Soi oe tee T= nyMa * PIMP W dese War Biren Due ibaa a, Le} Ber = e(pnan-npap) a @ ar = epman 0 ae p=b+Ap A= Anaya + po = lheawaty + (by op) amy = Ang (Mn th) = 7+ Ar = Dp YC Mn th) > The fe dehin dentihy incr cacter eo X10 cm), The alection mnobilay ig 10 Otc - Kha is The value of ts vesistivity + 3 ee (@ \ocam (bs |b x10 am ke Beem Wotan (4) 10° on! “uy =\0 nom 1 W = xb walt Vn Team *! bxOF x10> The vasishuly of unibemnly doped natype sili sample fe 04S Lem Dp the elechon mobility 1s. Iasvenifv.s and the chayge oh-an elecbon Is \bx15%C, The donor wmpurty concertos (No) im Me Sample is fr iy > fr wipe Siiton bart Ol con Long Hd Joop in cmessechonal area has a ranfevty caniier concathetion Ob SxIC Id and the canon mebility is on wt[ves ak 300K Fh the change ob on ekedror is I-bxidc, Tran the vattslante ob the ber ic>A pave censcondacterGe) is dened lt dover inpsitied tthe ext of VIG". Gleuat (i) Dever cancarhatin (i) tides ne fae oration Ny = Geyaix@ x = GLX 3 0 ey ol eG a le sunicenucl D oes. ba 24 LW Hews wean ht candi . wsxidls " Ssiconmi ou sel bene ae ween bse tod 2 naypia = 4-431 )45 boxio x 380 = 2 63 ar/om = = oak am Paz Be00 en vsee aid Np = I8eocatr = Seay vlan 1107 Doping oho LY) OF B iro Himes A pure cemiemdacter (Si is doped nes with dana inpuhes ob 12 We, =n te Onlete : yin ‘Rape: LU) or due te majority camer GH) = dase $0 wait comers Gi “eb numer ob abs = 5:16 Jert ) Fry boys wt = bs xtc /or =13 300 ons = 3-6x(0 rr/em Sea etlet ___ KT due Pe ninatly caviers ible, < careers wap bee pari> A pe can gil bow m= SHY (4) he P= 80 Hye see Ge [se cbramn “iY Hp) = Rx em_ “ACE tong. cate ( 1) Rasicihuy ” © Rsictanee 1) me ac 4 1 sede ania h = [SNe . +} Cont in Wo cope 1h a @) wos = Waa 10 S10 Aya i ‘oh 10% arr Petes T= TA sh 22x 0%, 108 = 4 324 is w %, Cy “y= ME = brid Gals 6 % WS) HEME = sxib cmfs >A pure Siicon soph is doped W Ny = vutth proshow atons to The extend oh (ihay my = vsmd/ud Ke = ate oe and the ce deity oh Sean Ie S10 abel then calentale w Caner orcas © coduchaty BG = 10-47 /em (3) Resichace obs somple if @ R= yer L= San ond ama ob crmes ine WY T= boar WW Cumet in he sample ih an | tect: field oh 10V/om i applieda ie ot. Fswid nea re Ne ty 6 = 4 =O) Mn gassed) wl e (& remid) of WE 2k 1S font , n= 400A rag =o tL 1 FOK ACE | Bp = n000 ad/V-sec than calere it Bae camer canes ond conduct = nasa + hop = 0085 rr/am = psx + ae sxid eye Se) = osu fur > Cass tha lenges - ca get tee fd apd = 3 Senicenducer bor, Tie + — wl y oe —— iw oyoste > eee dicho onesie hap — Prete Chang = ACE i dure hth en, ad le Se Meade key coma Trpage @ The oE eh dechon and hole e 1D) The dittewerce between election —_- ard bole caer Rng hs ob FE foleng shtearents ‘bovkt isfore covet 2 aa ——_ > JT=Tu, * Spongt (2) achene (dh) 3 alone PoeFO The silicen Sanmple With unit cose cechorsl ana qin bow is unde = (I) Es tremal quilibsivin. The {plloning, Pendens Gre gen ELKO Ny aan rw Np = 10" fend = jot Yon a2 721) (2) Th = napa € = Ny VMn E OER Stu A tet = LAbxto% Alen” AE D-Spm jg (2) The magitads cf elachon chift cant deity af a= 05 phmm 1S — > The election concendation no sample oh uniformly doped wtype sikkten at B00 K Varies rt fom 10 fen? ot I t=0 bxIC* fom ot x= 24m. “ x Acsume a sttaehon that elect . \ & dara Supltd Yo kp Ws conerbeloon = boxie kag x Io? 6x10 - Godiek cane sa tae Ib election 0-20 change 16 Lene and diffusion = -t20 Afar Canstaat Dn = 35 m/c , the Cawent _ deity 1m the lkeen, i go ebecve e field is_posent, ig’ == (@) zero W120 Alea < Shots 3 x ©) ~Sto Mad (& in0 Newt[> wehn batt Cant) bat (Voisin) cd lat ‘te carat asner aig cade gon blo Ra ah 1 Hee difpwen cua 9) Clabes det cat © Hele it ort 9 clcian don ot hae = Mobility Behowiowy mae. ~9t a Me Vee ah "ACE > Efhects of Dopig ad Tot. On the offend, the % Dh Tie dang, phonon —— depug, does vot poet Carn Couthrakon and for high ie phonco ae T he minirty commer Concentration & the aio Aang So Change in Tobfect is “tba. Bet 1 both pheno and cariey cancenitatian “Bed conics cdThe differant anechanicing ane - Teed Spall eaten oo te at tO : % Tom Sg aa didn Savized Snputy Salsing Cm wng Racer F Lonizad wnpuity ceding , this ackion ab Spends oh the vicinity " mm] Se , this act a ol * ‘ Acton wd “ee dahon of fina aycanie ON Mt rind input hang Lecawe of either face of abtiaction o ion bab set and ws Tape on Coit ee & Tho Sat Satna St s J Time befween iN tong) > Teeny etd) tet a he Sang of particle by K Gobteing of ES by Rs (> Pactds of same poloity A Sealtoong of Be by Ke > Seieing of porticle by * Seating ob Rs by Ex Pasko ots opposite polafity SX Cayit — Carer sealing doer vat atpet the mobility of carierc Th the canien involved are . ob came polaaty: Fy teking “iodized inputy scaling ond Lakhice scattering the camer comier Kcotfenng is iguoved. 2 ACE=2S(E) m= beble) S24) ma223(h) Ce Tot ae oe setting exents duet “i raquaty sabe { 1 — = OT + M Mz ie aon a®: Na: Teg)Cordchvity Ws Tenperthore on con Gisis Sentendckr @: TY Mnf “no wae ' 1 "ACE 7 Th extisic Mao is, Con Stout £0 oy, depends an Ba: Upte some eatat ly TA is conctaat bak ak 7 Thaw Leryond Corban vielees Ma Vy on so KY Drift from Gregg Rand Point of ViewXK thichenty side oh the cenaconductr is negative there The everegg of te elechon Is higher. ey tag's Labt Houd aie Fa pty Ted foes dosecka Sy aeckon cscs, am 8 Teel”Under enpilibrivin HE,= HO uvlige va 4 = ev a|z m alg el® => Vsing Hall -Ephet we can detemine J (UW Whelhey The semicanducty is ustspe or Pype @: ke canier amtautpation Pony wm P=by Reap (3) the conductivity oa ng pn oy o> Pabp c= PM, REZ (CH) The mobility we Be Me oR[> As per Hat epost, Thr ang speciven Comping) a cumeet Ti placed in tramomse magnetic fide B, then an elechic field E is induced ine Specimen in te divection (Paral fo UW) Papercut fo Band pomlld fo 1 (2 Pawaltel to D and B > The raajaiity camer: im an n-type camicedlucle have on antrege it 5 so Ydouity yma divchon prpandiater é 4 Uxe ba uetom manele fad 6. e chchie fy © indaced duc to Hel eAict acts in Te Atvecion 1) xB, te aleng Ua) eppesite bw> The He Concha tn a PH si ber is gree by sxid cnlfc. The hale Cancion the ay 16 gen by Ry = sx rfc =k a Ra =p = Be _ 1 Ps Re Vv \ exe xbexio? Wey Mit $4 we « Cetin % gent same og for be C= ley = Foran cok d= Sigg, Ale tome » Oe eee) Ya = = G==LaeeD Patinine Be unl Carlen concaceion oe chi The negadive Hak vol the sewiemducty is of n-type Under eapilibyivow can Astron Vy = Bele Is = |-28«10° fem indscakes, = Stes Ae intype Semicon duchy = Bede Ss jun BrTe = (Sswo%) x 0% vad y Coasnet)x1o5 x toxic 4 — 21/3 = Sx Ji Ma = sxe [at x Ws Teavk& = RBH Ex > My = aE L “30 My = wae = 0K 1d (0X1 K SKIS FOX (SITIES F 1000 om/y-s ay stants ok 9:05AM << ACE Tere’> Meliods 1 geneating ences Camiers—~ > Tajection jeved > Quoti- Ferm vd > Life Time > Bireat Bandgap ond Sndivact Lendgep sania ducts > Monod of pncalng, excess caries % Dmpact tanisation & Photoioni zation (on PhotegemerabionProfit shor 0) Phebe = exakion 4 aust - 5 hv ee = we gi a: Ee Bie 2 ci t S jae ze ON See ey pars ° s a Takensity (wwe? ===] Camrett) v VeSTistens hy waeanh vaunbor of pastas mn Gat per unit area pec writ ime a7 simply wie cow incident A poner. « acho . t | pulTglectan level aa K The word ‘injection ig wed cermiconductoy devics fo Mf iy wenn ang mnahod off gener exes canis. ACE ¥ The injed level veheste The ectent fo uhich the senuican duck ig dichibided fron equalibrinm became off exces Camiers % The impart pein te nok is excess camien ave generched ; ©. in pairs Caps be dart batons equation SIP =) = sly¥] Pa Nph-n-Ny =O cua, 9P-S0 = 6 Duet excess conser ganeestion ‘ave Spswtormfoo gore 482 = So] > Spa hm =8 S > Excos Gorrie Concaritretion peas] (een oe B vip > Equiliboum if amd & concentration vee pectic, Pn > Tol " 1" ¥ ” Spy Sn > Ex cus 0 w ” » > clustgicdion of ‘injection level Lane inj ection level Hig injection lve lows faye igh Tach > Magotty Conior Grcenhesion 5 > eS ney cee 7 Sl)W—kpe Semiconductor 3 og Mo = Np = 10 [om we lad 2, mtheS lem (5) fo = Wp, = 10 fon wien hod Un) im 3 Si=wle oa e lod (S) ny = Mot = lotto 210 0 Jad Ws) b= h+S = se 20 e§ Sx = 0'F/eor IIS, = nite? = SL iS/ot chy bol Ras, = adi? = Ss Equilsbriony \4 M4 “ Eps ree Fxces Ganor | Mins Cath Corned Be ConcenhshianlS) comer Excens comier Gorcenbation Carceghotian 2 Concerdstion (SJ (ssK The device amdepis is simple wy cilter Inv level, @: a ugh level ACE % Unles it is mentioned we vill concider low level only Quast- Feont Level (Boncs lerel near tet Ree wen -egpailibaiion condition @: > Under eapilibaur We = NG 3 cee ler Mo = ny = (Sp -& =, -Pikr b= Ny 3 OF -EV [KT t = ed _ ——————— fe GT TT n-type Ev Bot = and Kt ave Chuvattonzed big he same Fenntee]> Ney -eauilibrinen condition — rn fhe presen of ences agi “a J Siwilay 4npe ch eyrbion can be given, fa WEN. ee W=M+$0 > yore non = CE, - Sealer - Ennai rate Re fee) 1 erat b= Ny @ CER kr beob+Sp > P>B jo _ - | ove bey 1 See kr Pe Gp ON Ir, (Epa and Epp — Quesi Fermi levels $e" sands VB) © and WH veupechily ) * Under non —eqpibvws Condition both = ond of @ = carcontntoban wre increased TO indxake ineese “I in concenhabion, Ep hab to move upwards on to a On the clher band 4o vepwrert Mucae m hr coreahaion, Ep hate move tnvart vB (a dana. Bt is vey dew Shad the came Femilorel Ee Cannst move simubkarernsly upioret and donned Car “pains cand —fooerds VB) bo we Wuae ty veprsert Femi lowl for & and Ut sopardty, dich Wye eM Taan 6 SQQagat — Fema lveke! Tere’We N ele Ew@lir nan & pe Ny 2 CEFR Evler b= wy, SF Snes . E Non eqprili borin Lavo thyrloek- = ACE’ & a ‘ ------& q - Erp 2 ep = oF}! n—hpe Dobe Bea and Bp ae a ar abicak Uurt Pes % & be Wh levelSK We ae apsiving, That te Semple 1 absnbing light energy wnihomly so Tal excess coniee Cancan betion is uni fem thiongh od The semicarductr. co thal tive ausient codsios obsewed ave because of diffrrene bebneen genaehon and econ bination rates oad not benase oan cari movene Onder Io iwjectien, ga § -— 4 hon Ee Tere’ Tt Sp=Sn = § Sp = Spe Mr. ob = S¢lp-0 ds - —p' ~ a R Sn = ana, An = Snlezo as - _& Teh acs $ yer Ue ne eh exces carrions Awmage Ube tine ob reinarty camienswo Te = men free time and ~Amage fe te CO) ave Z da ben i: s le ork He "ACE b= BR «Sp b+ ape’? Carnien Concanrbeion n= +80 = m+ Ane 1) Mn n-type, Upto t=0, illuminating, he Si Seer cd ic quitene of wipe ty = fo Sp = bot bbe = het aye BR My “I = Mot = Mat ANSI = Mgt Qty 2 MAC! Moye bebe beats gts Mp = Myo +S = ypot an 2% = mot Sey ee— > Assume thot encess camiew howe ay IMS ae Clea . Han QR semtumducty to 0 cancerhation of m = Enl0) e (ty) ACE Sri) = 10'S on? The fpcteg twcion = Be x10 fae gonmeting tha excats. camiers “hunt : oy ol ot Shwe EO. Atowning The = Sn eM excess camtioy Ufetme iC Cae = 108, read? (ot Aatonaine Snir) fy to. W WEIS TERS 6 FIRE WW f= PAS = (OM Sntt) = Snlo) @ is = Oe W £20 > Guy = Salo = oa = 4 410% fe > Camsider n-type sien wih dover Cgidee point fom of Si impacity conaration eb Ny = 10"Jox ohm's luo = 9 E MBH Calodale te didlechic volunsiontive «oy, F2 yg & - AGE contort, ob trae The cigva n-type =o? v (ves SiWtor)- Given the® Mn = 12.00 On ves oe and ob sikten 18 WF Considee corbin, equabion Gauss Law fy alachic field vos “8 vb =e bzee or =P > ve e che ao The racdinin 16 2h ep ek and erence “Sen medion] DE TEpw stew p= Rave Pley Didecbic wlan ne Ponte 2 nga = No VMn ty = Wx boxe" 20 = an arn “\ pn Soke, MANS BSHNIG oF 142. — Consider an n-type siican sample with a doping cancenhakion No ™ "Jeu 2 it is umtnated euch thal EtiPs at a att of Lac Gee gnorated, find vid the wejority oud windirhy Carter concontrosions AE a Shady she Assawving “C= 10%, plot tke Ob The excess canviens With time once Be git Sous 5 shittsd off. 3 Under equilbiion io 22 My = (0 fe = hy Bho = why = ES ns oy = Ween _ aasxid = 0-829 PF ¢ =i/a_-s ot : Sp= aia “Kee = 8 x10 = 0 Jeu? Sp = Sn Ie Mn = Mo +S 2 Mao = 10/,2 In = het Sp 2 Sp aie le?> Fav the obove problenn, give 0 ™ Bok & and ht ove piceval Yeprecantshion of te ; . jy Ferni-evel Positions before avd Reqeaaes wih ene SE? kor the ligat sree is suihebed Ep - 6 = Kr In{ts) AC on at yor tempercboe Ginn =0. Ola He sasey ler = 0.02beN and Hj = FE x10 4) eswib) = 35 Poche Suvttehing on Gyaalibrinon & TIES & Ev> When Light some is swikhed ony wis Min Mme = (0/can = ba = 1 /ene L ae ny; SPO EV Mkr > Gpy -€) = Krabi) = 9-3Se¥ » =H; Si Epler > EE = kr InP) = ole dacp levels Sai? ee Daa > Sy The eneeg bend di “Sarai condos Bull, Theee 1S only infoonntor abot These debect coy iumpuritios newt, im energy bck thre oon it bebe Fe and vy is we hs Forbidden band). a a "bones ot Tae ingot weibichion of defect “em OF impunihg level it thal Te locabion ob debect ov impiwity lovk is Some Mure at the idle of Ke sfabiddon bondMonerdton cheyes. ding eld tenasttion i ecko ; b Retekvon beeen E-p ofa Paste free & wilh 2am patibal energy: nergy - Monertarn dics for chectins Im a pesodic pertestial uZameo, Nap Kina cage) € Corte? PACE> Dicpercsion wion (1) -)) Hhoton a: E=h) and boa b= Se” ss c V=A rebehon can be convited Phone into =p relahonship wring Which 4. & Exp diagram Wich is shown Lore be eset can be obtained Blecheg ¥ Momentos ob phetn, Prom ee P a tae of Gd echon fore gen cows ig wy less compar Fo Powe oud clechon fra gives euray e Direct Band sep Semiconductors Trdvect Rendgep Sersicondluctos SS ¥ Roth Gand Ey he Came nomenon 1K and Ey awe ibs Y KB Gate, GP Sah? de, EW Ge, Si nee FH Duing rcombind ow inact of Kec pk Dining he veeanbinsthios mod oh Te Fs Will be dicey falling ran cgintovn | fom Co fa nfo Some whioned ate leved one tee and the 4 Winto VE. X The enagg of te E changes |¥ “The enagig. ob tke & changes (bo KE and PE) % eet FP F The davction of filing Fis | “Be Aivection of Ying, & is alums alone fom ch te ve pm at ve 3 No change im th gah ob Te Thee ta dearge in te pa Ob peg ie te eg eeess x Tere’ Most of Te anegg is Yelered % Most Ob the energy is in tke fom of ght: dissipaked heat: ACE Used 49 Consthnch Optoelectronic | 3 Used te conctrack Diode , Transistor doce’, The romerhin ob felling es ig | K The waomartin ob the flkug & ones Rebchucly camiee fe time Reldsy camer fy tine is 1S Shae Lavge Band 12 Rend Divect Recombination a _ apart Ee R = R-Ro= & (buf) PHS ond v= +S R= 4 (hewts)S nahype sewicon ductor Mo => fy and Mom & gla dS qemsS dong Wes be here costedBand fo Gud Anger Recombinalion a “a J a Eenstoit t & weap: R= Ban + Sp eb sn Wer Ep vecamtmebon, \ OF ape a anleneqyicgnte hate © Cap vecanbanakon and Considet pe Sem clade a anagy is given some olor & Bn << wep & Rw any RRR = Ve Rew s > a ve ‘and TR auoegy sede Tdiveel Recernbsvadion Via deep levels Shockley - Read — HAM (sRH) theny Undey (a -leveh \ Na, — Gnceaheion of deep levelidon TT ivapity lovds (eo tap les © — Consist 0 foo vabhecting Me loeadion of fhe anegig level of ‘impurity (ay) Pap.Surface Recombination - ek Bs 4 Bsq zac eco’ vecebination yah a the soft ee (Jo=s) at ‘ a FES s/h) 6 AH suhag Nek, on Velecthy . poems SAS Gels % veig dette bed come ess x os Tere! eee am owe: Teel”Procedure for Device Analysis ~ > Continuity equation as > Five basic equations > Representaton ch Transpo equations in compact fom Using) aytati~ Fam’ level > Standard simplickon of equation (Vanioms propia situations) 3 Eqpilibrion K Space change Netality HK Steaoly sth ¥ barge sheet appronion ation % Diffusion appionsaddon ¥ Gradual dreaneh apploximetion) > Surman of procedent fpr device anstyis ess x Tere’ Continuity Equation as Thic is dowied bared 9 (aw of Conservation of change’ Wwe ACE Urafomn volume genet Rake ob increme. _ ( NX genetion “Ehsan = dp a ees. Tere’These tuo equchions ace Vaid Calor tees sito Volume gneaebion asd thie, is dibbuene betwen exuts “ACE Vecenbinin te cnc ercas ginal ine so Thaye is no Comey movernsrT fem ore plase-fo the offer- > Bak, in generel we need t bow an equation Which describes tea vnsiation wrt fire a uel ab dictante becrase Then is lungs Cowiey movimant: Ws Can be dame ui 3 Neanbinnily Eyottor ess x abea - Teel” Class shevis of Osan Tere’> Considey & 1D situstion a shmm tn figure, 2A Rake of mevene Nek yaike off fen Wer of hele cmon) =| hole input With Bi volome/ —\ acto te’ Volume Net geneyadi + (ME Oe one) KAR Ih AP ade) ALGO - pode] Se vt Taal ‘eg Kho fo -S ] sa EG ] sl Tplatdy) 2 = Bw Hare], g'-Sp ae: an vc ce 1 es Con equstier %E ym ay | be mn vn s Continuity sy yahion 1 on ~ Sn = me GTI)_ an | Sn _ 12) 4g'- Lanier | Elects | Ta = nan +4704) 24 =p SP +9 Soh 2 ne = = —2yV ae. 0 Electric Plt E : ra x E ~T Gases Trsspert like p= ney seg hs LC MANA cfs) ¥ The tampert eqpation shee th Cause ob Te em sf aurd Contwuity equatian shmus Comune of qrdieit ob fm + ph the above cix equakion ane not tndependsit: There are only ive vanibls 10 “hese eapsation tdhich ave Coup lech They ave Nn — Concenbahron of Es pb — concenhation of As Jy — pee oh Es Up - tee of Hs = Eledhic pda (depends on and) ACESe HP Ta, Tp ond EB are he fre WJ Vari -bles ubich ane independent: \Y can be obtained *: prom E => =- fed the ge tas Sede! Ir 12 4 gl Ten gbn€ +pad Se? Toe Tp = brmpe-pyeh [29 - LF + g- DL UCP eng 0 Me ee se aL — Poiscon's equation a, vv E We Mor += fo tS[> oh ah aa) oa Cah (Cisoy bmn and a fe cc enna ay ce te a fw Cob eosin Graduation © Yi (0 a fam ns bh we (2 Blas ge daly aad fad se it aaceaend a ef ange of miaty cer death he o Pose aes thaReprsenction oh tromparh equations ia is compet fm waing — Quasi- Fev > Consrdr tamrpat equation fro os PB =n Doe Th = RGYMOE +n 2 (2&0 Ec = Ne Gf Ge> Slike =n Da ey Se n= Ne =n Be (Bem PEC) Qn sy, Ghee SPler (36 x) = ce m= ig (3-3) = SE - pa BE a wise “&) nape = no poly 2] eg = WW ox = Hypnt&s = -2(& 7 m=4 Ec sen SE — Ke ot equation m compact how br & et oe fe tt Tyasspat equation in compact fam (in Ted of | Quasi - Fens loStandard Simplication of ond (vero et oh a se G=Got§ (1) Eyilibrinim - Fy every proces teak ic going on between Semicenducty and enviranmedt thee ic an wvese proces at The SAme val hes is applicable vatthin The cen canduckor aldo. Tren Lemicorducley iS said fo be in eayailslriven « Sn=o ond S=0 Jn =O ont ae BSR Tek inet H = bye - ae =o ¥: 33 yg FRivial a” Now Tivint = yin 259 =o => 2H Lo bp 2p so => PEP <0 evsthwn > Gee See = Es pusQuasi- ws ond Tx 0 Ta = N4Mn€ + Von Be Ce. es << |ngpne| m2] Seo 7 om rs = PUMpE ~ poh wh << \bamel aah aa zo Smt Sp This appro ntmudion is valicl then both dt aed Aabfysion are loge and in oppasitan. P= hart * Ry (2) Steady stele — py tte prowwa ave canctaat wrttmge y C Et is wat recy tak treme is on invene procs) 4 Aw ACE sO ath or Consider Corthrutty egyrschions eR TS -o 2h - 17% 6-9 20-@ ot v 3 O-© 426%) =oa Quasi Steady tebe or Quosi- Cire she 3 YS iT 2% yo ani Ge se 5 BT vo t tramient sibwtion tan be anstped st qn shaty shhe 0n Guase Stic eit (3) Diphwion Approtinetion se cnn nie s n= + Por "get ae os = pap ~ apo Tee go 2 (onl > oye ARP Ips ~ yop In Pabype eraicenductor Taian apponncaka bs nan n-hype Semi Conductor2% The dupt camel ckpeuds on carviey con cenbation gh, & and applied electic fidd- On the other hand Te cibtpsion Comporint depends ony on cancentwtion ACE pedieat H Tree is possibility Rak the camer cancenbostion is lew but Concenhattn gradient ic larger, when di fasiion, approxiredron ic valid kG the Aibhuion apploxinaio 7 applicable fo” Wineity canniers >The conseypenees of diffusion approxinaan Consider contruichy equction for is 3 = 4 BBs gS a Jp = DOME — Dye Under iphsion approninatron > Tp © 2 _ 4, _g mT 5B tS + Under steady she condihon 2- ese. Tere’ oKCE — gop, OK oO> Dh Gis waaform, lis 6 e. dat+H ° vist Vewging With istorne't me bis mijunn > 3h =o Pgs ge) 4 d oe 2s oe aE Se 2 ay a sy cas a = (2-45 cg Life Hine of exes = Huse we Exeter) _ 38% Ie “DO P(G-SH) _ _S-9'% Se we += F = Dithywin ros oh hols Sree “—Sp =P oe op = Sp| a=0 Sy = Ane" An = Silazo —> Under low level injection assumption, the tafechd minovihy camvion Cument for an evbiaic comtemnductar is erential the aap TW dibt cua CO Yecombiaation cunenit (@) duced Cunert(> Eleclon mnobttty ond Ube tine Tn a cenitonducter att vom Temp Ly = {Prt ant wapechidly 0-26 Hise Dn ve Pn pn = Bar Ly = 1.3mm > Sn 0 very long pote Si bar with cost cedione) area OS ent ond Nu = 10 7ea?, we inject holes hele such Trot The stale excess hele concendakion if) CxO! Joe a x20- hat ie the steady stata capeiion b beueon Ep and Ee ot x= 100A? Wharic tea heli cumet tore t Hew vouch is he gececs shoes hae rel Pesint Bet Ry 00 em/Vas and Y= De. EG = -LeVin, = Sx 00)Lp = [op = [axa = aexio™ om as “a J Ge: - 4 2 . -s ee: Dp = MpVy = IR otfe , |= ce b= f+ operv = wha crore ® S/abxioS = (397x107 /at a &-Ee = kan bh) = 0-02bx in (canes ) = 0- ble 1 =1000A Jp =-9% Be aor ~ 4% Z (he + ap e744) = = Aa ap orle ch) = AGP op TL osxtineteny Sed’ 875.0065 P 3b xios Tp = Loaner aa & =[aroperle de : hop Sey > AY obs = 0 Sabo SKE X36x5= = ye xi 8c = Ibe’(Spa dee Nebo Bnew Pao Tei Eis conctant Wi to %, Whee P =o! anti mestly > SpeS (5G =>]Sp-Snl > Pwo Deplcion cppeatinadin 1 NeLNE > Gnsidey tee Space charge dentrty [Pn ce (apm | cco a Se: Sere P20 P= 4 ( PeNy -0-MA) 3.08% Debye beng (Lp) ao. ae Dekye lenght (ho, 4 ’ “pean wes dy 9 el Gn P= a (danp—nny) ae ds te Undoe a , [Pal << | Ns-yy | Ps 4Cop-me Pas any Con sider Guts 8d dele “dxThe Dabge length Ly doscribos variahion of poterrint with ichnce in space change (on cop lation vegion. K Lp and Ly decribos veichion of excea cowiers vse distin, (5) Change shuct appontianhon ws This Apprinction is obeabhy ned Sa fo ducibe fyte canine near the — infu a7 Sue fate K The comer Cencenbrbion 15 Veg leigh chose Te nape smbace and decreages Vong vapidig theo mong cog —_— fron Te Sinpace witrin x — Vay Soll distance So it om E re - be considend 4 Shoat of choge Se Ny urndaten 0 SS TCE approrinertion 1 Hse iy Feqe Nha ho Moe capacitorsGraduel Lasanel Approximation TF is wed Coweta 2D sthadvor into 1D situa Apperivaticly., Ts approatncton ic wed in Mosrer AO ¥ oN i i “oe Gauss (no nm 2d ee, eb mw DEY a wt sy; Mm Oy on € > rece! Proedine for Devites Arelysic — Summary Sept — Same cet of appro rc rece! s imation. rary not hold over the entire device Volume - Hence, partrhion the device wh Aiba CE | Vegions- Sep2 — Aretgse each region wing a sustble set of ap plodenstiont and bamdey conditions +0 obtain * mi i Ti Sp and Ew het {epien: Apperincton for cthoest gio ny Le wer SP3 — Combe tke information regarding 1, To, Spend E obheined in didtwrmat v0, erasing, covbinily of Lue Puswmntens aciose boradanies Sapsenbrg TR vegions fr obtnin Ie comple pice,