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Geometrie Analitica, Diferentiala Si Algebra Curs IPB - M. Rosculest (1981)
02 an 1 Wyte, 1 <7 Treo, ce Dee, omnes : ‘Yeetordl reoiproct vectorilor Wer Cune” a {verted taeatey ot . satisfea coniitiile de definitic © awe cay es—lo2- atiol reotproos reoiprocilor sint veotorii imitiell. ¢) Yeotorii reciprool permit extrem de comod al obfimt: componentele unui veotor. Fie AD +pde vos 4 3? stat veotorib rectproct obfinen waeddat Dechy Fr, madd, , yu 5 om = zz, £0) (iT ,z) Gaza) ye “Ghe = ope = . (a, 80) 2 SK we erate ci even reletiile LT ees,—Aos- Gap, VI. Dreapta 91 planul $1, dicectie. Destanta GRO 1, Directoy vector diractbr. Fiind dat’ o dresptt D fn Hem] P, dreapta D defineste o directie. Orice dreapts D! parsiels Dae seeeegi Aireotie. Un vector liber paralel cu D este un ‘Wejog director ol directie D. 0 directle este definite dack sint date proisctille unui vector director ¥ pe un sistem de exe din Py Definitie. Un grup ordonat de doud nunere(p,q) definegte o Airvetie to plan. Deok vectorul ¥ director este un versor se nuneste versor (rector iar proiestiile sale(«, f> sint cosinusuri director ef GirectieLy avem relatia ae f* el. Observatit 1) 0 directle sre o infinitate de parannt: dirvetort( Xp, Aq) gi dowd perechi de cosinusuri directoame. Co ’ dal ar » aes) Te Weg? peta’ Wea deat - Peo directie alegen gi un sens, atunol fi corespunde le direc— crtentath © singurti pereche de cosimuswri directori( —R—— , a g \err a) wal fengal opus pe directie este definit de ( —=B- , =a) Vora? era? oe sle de coordonate a& cosinugmeii directorit ox(1,0) #1 F041), : 2 Settictont unghinlar, Pie o directie D derinité de(p,a) BeUlaltie. Se mnegte ooefictentul unghiuler am fede dinectiot D amir : i TES x= 008 ey Be ae, aatags t p 3 @ este unghinl pe oare £1 face direotis orientett 3+ Ungn i LA dak Airecttt pie donk airectii D, #1 D, definite ; Cuys ,)jeonterm unui rezultet obtimt—tokn le cap SAM, aven in cerul plan = ' ooa(D,D,) = bd. ae 3 VG 2 Gonsecinte: 1) directiile sint parelele daok ei Bez, wick vector! ¥, & aint persleli. 2) Direeyitn a) stu: perpendiculere dso’ By tm, = OF Gack introtecem peatele obtines din (1) ¥, Shy heom B,D sieo, 2 4 % om ae, +1 =0 ‘wade m, este punts lui D, gi m, ponte Int D, - Meciproce exte dencemction wieviirate. /‘e Pergeute unghintal « doul directii de pente my #2" dart ae @ “ean desk. orientale a. Tn eteviz ©, este unghinl flcat de directie D;.0, ux Airectis orientetii Dou exe Ox , avem ene - & de unde reraiti snetisez) selictmd operatie te. ‘+ Didtnasts @.dook paste ta phen Pie Hy (=; 071) moa? Goud puncte tn plen. = Prolectia soguentalei jl, pe «xt ox © #1 ve oy ¥2- 3,5 bplictnd serene Lut Pitegars cbt VARI - [are sa, -sp?.= loS- Se Biraport ermonic. Pie My, M, dous puncte. Ele determi- mo dreapth De Fie . . eee Mg Ae ite doul punote pe dreapte De Teoresa . Punctele (M,M,1 Mi") deteraind o aiviziune ‘rmcaicd pe dreapta D deck Aapao Demonstrates Ae pie Oak = 1. om e weraeen a or care este detinsyh Aivistunii ermonice q.eeds Bxerci¥it 1°) SE se giseescK unghiul format de directil- ‘Je determinete de veeteré ¥, (1,1) 9 Wat “Lethe Aven cos @ = Sad 2, 2-2 2. wit ta? , =2=1 +O = 100°, Wall v2 02 & 2. Dreapte fn plan 1, Rountie veotortel a dreptei in pla. Fie My sMzs a ik yancte in plen gi Mun punct curemt pe drespts determinatt de Ma ene at = + Atimg* In, in+dy,, ee ‘Yectorii ‘ : ori de poritie et punctelor My MyM, Tecreni. Eoustia veotoriald » dreptei determinst’ de Wm, este a) ad NCESE as - 1 Cit).16 Denonstratio, Welatia se mai sorte mt, +A Wi =0% exprink of veotorii Mi, 91 WH, stat colincari(tig 4. ) Breroitid. 88 se sorte ecuatia vectorield « dreptel ¢ nate de punctele H(1,2) , Mj(6,7)« Veotoriide positie « punctelor M91 M, sint F+te2y Fs6t+ FH, deel ecustia vectorislé dreptet 1M, este Fels2y + 5c + 57). Faron, Houshiile persuetrice ele dreptet oe trece Flt vanctele TEM, stat @ ae Gerry, ye7, + AG x) Decnstratie, Se obtine din (1) proiestul pe o za de cobriomte. Mevroltint BE se egria scutitle perenetrice ale crete oe Seow prim punotel W,(2,3) , (46). Dreapta ore eoustiil? Paremetrise tJ LIM ree THATCH aresr., Teoreml, Boustie cartesionl « Greptei cei trece prit Vonctele Mya, este ) ry aes BH wy = form de detersinent OM Tora |* HR oll no md Pemonateetio . Din (2) obtines xe ei ed r-y, 2h ' ead ’= lop- Alisinfnd pe % obtinem (3). (3") este o elt& form’ a lui Oe quads Broroltit, SK se sorte ecuatia dreptel oe trece prin panctele M(1,2)» M, = (78). Sub forad de deterainant ecuatia droptet WM, onto 1 2 I} wom, -~bre6y-6e0. Completari. a) Deck 1utlm pentru Ml, punctul (@,0) #4 pentru ©, punctul (0,b) eouatia (3) se ecrie Eyleiso . ao 4 oe mmopte ecuntie areptet prin qAfeturi . . ») Deck veotoral he 11 fnloouim ou un veotor carecere Y= (ab), (1) oe sorte O Fire as Fer + ay, tate F, este veotorul umi punct de be dreapta. (2) me scrte Sm aut ag fae 2) } Text day Traern, ©) Daok F nok ente un versor deot de componente(oosa , sina ) tale este ste unehiul flcut de F ou exe ax, (2') se sorie (ay ExX+ \ comm , om TFY+ rotmw, \ ween, a (ey ToIemieezy= lo8- Mecreai. Boustia cartezien’ » dreptel oe ‘rece pris panctul (x,y, ) #1 sre peante & este yey tu(x-x,) Denonatratie. Remilth ain (2"') , 2. Roustie normolé. dreptei Am objinut mai sue eoaa silt ‘unei drepte determinat&-de dou’ puncte smu dé un punct wf ° Aireotic. 8 consideria acum o dreapth Dy perpendioulerd 41s origines O pe D tntfinegte dreapta np. Unghinl pe care $1 fH eoeseti perpendiculard cu exa ox este m+ Din(fig.2 ), Mf1ind un punct ourent pe adreept, de Coordonate (x,7) gi p seguentul OF, sven Q) Mat xp cea) +( y-psind)-sink = 0 ‘Aecersse vectorii Fre (ep coax , yep sine) 1 versorel 1u1 OP , enume Hs (comm, sina ) Sint perpentionlert, ter protueal lor aceler « mol, Bouetie () we mat sorte +7 tan - peo . 1 se mmoyte ecustie normell a dreptes D, Mesroitia, 8 Le eouatie mormeld « dreptel Reyeheo we (ee ee reaefe eek consti mormeld a drepte! este me. a ees wend ea a 9 =~ S aect e272, Be Rowatia eeverslh « dreptet, ‘Teoreadl. Orice soustie de forme= bog - Denonstretie. Se cbaervé of toate ecuatiile obtinute zo, a4o Mick ectstia prim thieturi # dreptei oe trece prin punctele Chom (0, 72). aoae Sub forme a) yeocbs aye B remit of ( -t ) eate cooftcsentul ungntumtler at (= 2) ordonetH le originea, Din (1) wai rezultd of ecuatia unei drepte oar eel ece arent ofa ‘% Coordonatele unui punct care fmperte un seguent intr-un Twport dat. Pie o dreaptd D, dou’ puncte MGs MaGeyrtQ) Pe pe dreapts gt un aa MCx,y) pe dreapts care tmparte segnentul MM, fatrmn report aaivacot ™ ee i deol FFF ° Te BF, oint weotoriide pozttie el Int wy M, HM, , rem reletia FF AG. : wh +r, ler Teoreak . Coordonatele punctului M(x,y) care tmparte omertu My(x,y)) nate.) {m raportal » eee a: 2 at aate de= Mo- 5. Roustie unei drepte $a coordonate omogene Tooren’, Koustis generald « dreptet ay dx + By #0 = 0 4m ooordonate omogene are expresis (2) a+ BY+ 0Z=0 Desonstratie, Se objine din (1') puntat x= ys pete z Observatie. Finotul dele infinit al dreptei ere Z* deci ccordonstele omogene ele punctului dela infinit sint a,- $.0% : 6. Eoustis unel dreptei tn coordonate polar’ Tecrema, Rcuatia unei drepte D care face ou axe poled Unehinl “f ¥1 ane distante 1s pol p,este death de Desonstre}ie. Din (fig.3 ) «com Onare 4 AR Ons, Pag sing = tests . * $e -~ '° ‘Teoreal. Disteate de le ua punt WA(x,+7,) le dreapt® onte aaty de ania. |x, coms x, otmn =p], Gack Greepta cate det8 prin’ countie norma 91 2) Atovente cate dali da @ - | Apmere al 4 Conk Greepte sete del prin soustia Ax + By + 0 = 0 Devenstratie. Coutora(rig. 4 ) deol orion eouahia PI” Jet de Giatenta 1s crigioen ( Kommune y eine oa. ) 4» paren veeiM veriticnts de punctul (x, y,) dect depen, copa +3, alan, wo ae |x, cosa +7, tnx =p] 5 eousties general emresia (2') 0 obtine prin normalizer Fxercitiih. 8& se ghesssot dictente punctujwi(7,6) le atenptay a ~ 3 + 20=0 5 ae 22% 8+ ._j_ fio Vises wnlinle fore Aplicatie . 58 se sorte ecuatitle bisectosrelor@® douk arepte a) Ax+By+ C20 , ) axeRyeo,s0 . Moectos © oint formate de wulfimes punotelor situate 1e Ble de cole douk re pte tiuatitie celor doul bisec~ tore efnt date de AX AES os feo foo a8 2°" feels Mik, Brercitit. 34 se scrie ecuatille bisectosrelor CD) x-y +700, Dy x4 27-820 Atatante AK + BLY + 0, Rouatitle cerute ZsL+2.¢ n+2y-8AL 55. Dinectie in spatiul R” oxen 1. Directie in spatiu. Fie un sistem de trei dre to ai 0 dreapt& D, Dreapta D defineste 0 directie.Gatoe = iver Greepta DY paralels cu Dare aceiagi direotie. Un vector airestit F perelel ou D este un vector director al directiel De 0 tor F je definith deck atnt date proiectitle unui vector direct je un sistem de exe din R, rine Derinities Un grup ordouat de tret mumere(p,ay?) ae © directie tn epstiue ? reer Dac& vectorul ¥ este un versor, ¥ se mumeste verso! j atesotor! Girector ier profectiile sele(«, (>, x ) sint cosinugal ate ai Girectiei, sven relatin at peed Observatit. 1) Versorul opus umai versor director define ‘fe eosiagi directic. 2) 0 directic are o infinitate de patanctri directors CAP, AqARD oo AER, Be Axele de coordonats wu cosinu: om WE = Conesidpoy ge = (01410) ” Didmehind 's dou direofti. Fle deuk direotii D, 41 Dp Af Bite G0 reotortt Hor s¥p0¥,) Ht Hey, Fesaltet objimt le Ome... a Atreotori ox, S=(1+%" 2b even confore ane foe'De, ey. aa 2 Tatst Tat VEE RAS Gaswointer 1) Deck vedtori int paraleli directitle emt versie}—M3- 2. Directiile sint perpendiculsre dack oos( om MW t Mote + TyRs = 0 1 reotproo « Breroj "Wd, Go dau vectori ¥, =(1yly 1) sf ¥,=(Oy = 141) ot ate ci sint perpendiculari, In adevir 64 Hp ee er-1s0 deol 9 @= 0, @ 2 2 3. Distante 9 dout puncte din epativte Dack M(x 4,+ 2, ) ' stents 9 azul p Pack My 9, Sy go2p), Protect seguentului orientet IGM, fe axele de pe ajo 3, deat Geordonate sints pe ox, x, = x,» 07, ¥5~ Jy Deo Witofnd teoreme ui Pitagora in spatin objinee a. 2 tei) yc ym) (9° Hy)*% (By- He 4. tovariati toys de transforairi de coordonat stewal o xoyos Vie @. stare sau o operatie care fati de “ erpriad prin relatia F(x,y,2). Deck agupra lui x,7,8 9¢ efectute- 4 trancformarea ah Fray, a, j) Tera, za2(x', y', £') M1 Ga08 th report om notte variabiie stern aoa operetia 9 ‘te ievarientd la trensfor~ Svrial prin M(x',y*,2"), spunen of F ures 7, Teoremk 1) Produmul acsler « doi veotort este un invarieat [00 G0 tranelatia exelar. 2, Yeotorul de positie el unui punct este un invariant fey 8 rotatia axelor, 3s Distente « doud puncte este un invariant fath de sobie- Ntea generat sxelor de coordonatv. Denonstratie, 1) SH coneiderte vectorul ¥ definit de= Wt sequentul ortentet HR, (x.7,,2))+ Ma(xps¥prt) #1 vectoral F dotinit de WM, My (0, 9b, 004) in it NyCagnartq)+ 0 translayie « swt pe WM, Sn AT NS exelor musat8 vwotorul Gefintt de Ge + te Ie Toys YAS N(xgh%y TotTon Bat *o) faye yp DYtT Ge Opt HQ)» HYCAat XyrDot Tor Sat 5) 2 produgul sceler se sorie You might also likeThe Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life From EverandThe Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good LifeMark MansonRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (5813)The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are From EverandThe Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You AreBrene BrownRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1092)Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It From EverandNever Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On ItChris VossRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (844)MagazinesPodcastsSheet musicPrinciples: Life and Work From EverandPrinciples: Life and WorkRay DalioRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (608)The Glass Castle: A Memoir From EverandThe Glass Castle: A MemoirJeannette WallsRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (1716)Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance From EverandGrit: The Power of Passion and PerseveranceAngela DuckworthRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (590)Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel From EverandSing, Unburied, Sing: A NovelJesmyn WardRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1104)Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race From EverandHidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space RaceMargot Lee ShetterlyRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (897)Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike From EverandShoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of NikePhil KnightRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (540)The Perks of Being a Wallflower From EverandThe Perks of Being a WallflowerStephen ChboskyRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (2104)The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers From EverandThe Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy AnswersBen HorowitzRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (348)Bad Feminist: Essays From EverandBad Feminist: EssaysRoxane GayRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1018)Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future From EverandElon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic FutureAshlee VanceRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (474)Her Body and Other Parties: Stories From EverandHer Body and Other Parties: StoriesCarmen Maria MachadoRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (822)The Outsider: A Novel From EverandThe Outsider: A NovelStephen KingRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (1850)The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer From EverandThe Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of CancerSiddhartha MukherjeeRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (271)The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction) From EverandThe Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)Viet Thanh NguyenRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (122)Angela's Ashes: A Memoir From EverandAngela's Ashes: A MemoirFrank McCourtRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (441)Brooklyn: A Novel From EverandBrooklyn: A NovelColm ToibinRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (1947)The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living From EverandThe Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy LivingMeik WikingRating: 3.5 out of 5 stars3.5/5 (401)A Man Called Ove: A Novel From EverandA Man Called Ove: A NovelFredrik BackmanRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (4610)The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel From EverandThe Art of Racing in the Rain: A NovelGarth SteinRating: 4 out of 5 stars4/5 (4203)A Tree Grows in Brooklyn From EverandA Tree Grows in BrooklynBetty SmithRating: 4.5 out of 5 stars4.5/5 (1929)The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century From EverandThe World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first CenturyThomas L. 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