Logic and Critical Thinking

Mayan, Dhenmarc S.
BSN 3-A

Direction: Formulate the following arguments symbolically and determine whether it is VALID
or NOT VALID. If VALID, identify what rule does the argument falls.

1. If I study hard then I get 95

I did not study hard
Therefore, I will not get 95

p→q Not Valid

~p
----------------
…~q

2. It is below freezing now.

Therefore, it is either below freezing or raining now.

p Valid; Additionss
------------
…p˅q

3. If Liza takes medicine then she gets well

She gets well
Therefore, Liza takes medicine

p→q Not Valid

q
---------------
…p

4. If the doctor is good then he gets good feedback

He doesn’t gets good feedback
Therefore, he is not a good doctor

p→q Valid; Modus Tollens

~q
---------------
…~p
 Logic and Critical Thinking

5. If it’s rainy then Lisa has an umbrella

If Lisa has an umbrella then she wears boots
Therefore, if it’s rainy then she wears boots

P→q Valid; Hypothetical Syllogism

Q→r
----------------
p→r

6. If you are in this class then you will learn something

You are in the class
Therefore, you will not learn something

p→q Not Valid

p
----------------
…~q

7. I own a house or I own a car.

I don’t own a house
Therefore, I own a car

p˅q Valid; Disjunctive Syllogism

~p
----------------
... q

8. I have a pen or I have an eraser

I have an eraser
Therefore, I don’t have a pen.

p˅q Not Valid

~q
----------------
... p

9. I will go to the hospital today

Therefore, I will go to the hospital or I visit my grandmother in the near town

p Valid; Addition
------------------
…p˅q
 Logic and Critical Thinking

10. If God exist then He is mortal

God exist
Therefore, He is mortal

p→q Valid; Modus Ponems

p
--------------
…q

11. Lona take cares the patients

She is giving medications
Therefore, Lona take cares the patients and she is giving medications

p Valid; Conjunctive Syllogism

q
--------------
…p^q

12. Either May Anne took nursing degree or Accountancy

May Anne likes Accountancy
Therefore, May Ann took Accountancy

p˅q Not Valid

q
----------------
... q

13. If the nurse is performing well then she gets promotion

The nurse doesn’t gets promotion
Therefore, she doesn’t perform well

p→q Valid; Modus Tollens

~q
-----------------
…~p

14. If John is sick then he needs care

John is not sick
Therefore, he needs care

p→q Not Valid

~p
----------------
 Logic and Critical Thinking

…q

15. He studies very hard and he is the class valedictorian”

Therefore, He did not studies very hard

p^q Valid; Simplification

-----------------
... p