ABSTRACT

Employees’ performance in any organization depends on the productivity

level because it is a vital and major concept to evaluate organization. As a matter

of fact, no organization would be able to achieve its goals if the matter of

productivity is neglected.

Even in the comity of nations, productivity is a major tool for

development. Productivity took a new dimension with the industrial revolution

where productivity transcended mere subsistence.

Chapter two of the research deals with the main object of the study which

includes the productivity factors, stress and productivity and health of the worker.

Various methods were adopted in collection of data and analyzing data,

the sources of data collection include primary source and secondary.

Yet the greatest problem facing an organization today is how best to

motivate their employees and consequently achieve job satisfaction among them

especially with the complex nature of man.

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 CHAPTER I – THE PROBLEM

INTRODUCTION

This project aims at investigating, examining and the analyzing of

working conditions and its effect on employees in an industrial organization on

their rate of productivity.

Productivity is a vital and major concept to every industrial organization.

As a matter of fact, no organization would be able to achieve its goals if the

matter of productivity is neglected. It has also been argued that labor aspect is the

most vital without which the organization would be far from reaching the desired

goals.

Even in the comity of nations, productivity is a major tool for

development. Productivity took a new dimension with the industrial revolution

where productivity transcended mere subsistence. High productivity in industries

is highly important as a result of the fact that it is a necessary condition for

organizational sustenance and continuity in addition to improved standard of

living.

It is worthy of mention that industrialization is an advancement of work.

Work itself is seen as an effort or activity carried out for personal or

organizational sustenance. Much expectation is attached with the concept of

work, in addition to the provision of economic security. work makes life

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meaningful and gives the feeling of self actualization and acceptance to the

worker in an industrial environment.

However, the importance of work elucidated above working in the

Nigerian industrial environment has not been that easy in recent time .So many

thing come into play which affect workers in the process of their daily activities

as far as working condition are concern. These challenges often force industrial

workers to feel concerned about some important working conditions such as the

pay, the physical environment, safety, participation in decision making, career

development /progression, heath etc.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

It is noteworthy to mention that an average employee in Department

Stores, RTW Section, work situation have over the years been dissatisfied with

their working condition to which their have been subjected.

My interest in this topic has been strengthened by the resultant negative

effect of bad working conditions of UNITOP Department Store Employees

specifically in the RTW Section which has occasioned series of observed measure

such as absenteeism, apathy, fraud, corruption, stressed etc as a result of poor

working conditions

In view of the above, the Researchers shall formulate, design and suggest

ways in which organization, in order to get the best from their employees.

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 In line with the statement of problems, the Researchers would try to

proffer a solution to the following problems in the course of research;

1. Determined the profile of the respondent according to:

a. Age

b. Gender

c. Position

d. Salary

2. What are the poor working conditions that inhibit employee productivity

in the UNITOP Department Store RTW Section?

3. What are the effects of these poor working conditions on employees?

4. What are the things that the UNITOP Department Store, RTW Section has

put in place to ensure a conducive working environment for their

working?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research is significant in many ways.

First, the research could help management to know the required working

conditions that will facilitate high productivity on the part of their employees for

instance; it could be helpful in the areas of fixing adequate wages /salaries

provision of social amenities in the offices, good lighting conditions, safety,

provision of medical facilities etc.

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 Moreover, the research will be useful in the area of allocation of job

planning of incentives, participation in decision making, lack of these bring about

low productivity and management of the Organizations would be better

acquainted with the better approach of solving the problem of poor working

conditions in order for them to optimize productivity.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The study focuses on the Working Conditions that affect the performance

of the Employees. The study limits the coverage on the employees assigned in the

Department Store in UNITOP, specifically in the RTW Section, located at

Burgos, San Carlos City, Pangasinan.

STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

There is a significant relationship between the working conditions of the

employees to their Job Performance.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

Working Employees

Conditions Performance

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Working Condition

It refers to the working environment and all existing circumstances affecting labor

in the workplace including Job Hours, Physical Aspect, Legal Rights and

Responsibilities.

Employees

A person employed for wages and salary especially at nonexecutive level such as

Sales Clerk, Cashier and Bagger.

RTW Section

Ready-To-Wear collection (of Clothes) made for the general market and solves

through stores rather than made to order for an individual costumer, off the rack.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

In any academic research of this nature, hardly could any conclusion be

drawn without reference to the past studies on similar subject .Thus it becomes

necessary in this chapter to examining the previous and related works by different

authors and Researchers s s.

Related literature

Kilby (1972) argued that the level of organizing work, especially the

management aspect of goal attainment for most vital factors affecting the level of

productivity .He did not see the achievable productive capacity of the labor as a

hindrance to productivity such as management functions ,provision of adequate

incentive that allocation of jobs to employees, on the basis of their degree of

specialization brings about high level o productivity. This would be so because of

the increased skill of the employees and process of passing from one stage of

work to another .Smith concluded with his view that the invention of machines

which enhance and abridge labor and enable a few employees to do the work of

many will bring about an increase in workers’ productivity .

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Related Studies

Morse and Reimer (1967) concluded in their study that employees’

participation in decision making enhances their productivity, participative

decision means.

Beach (1960) defines participation as a process by which workers

contribute ideals towards the solution of problems affecting their organization of

their job, thus exercising some degree of influence on decision making process.

In the study, morse and Reiner assessed the correlation between the level

of participation of employees in the organization‘s decision making to the output

level in condition of fixed amount of input. They are however flawed for not

taking into consideration the carefree attitude which subordinate employees may

develop along the line ,Also such allowance of participation in decision making

could make the employees adopt acid dormant role in the industry.

In the work of Livert (1961) he stress that, the degree of productivity

attainable in an organization is a factor of the time spent on supervision by the

supervisor.

He argued for their productivity also depends on the leadership style

adopted in the organization. Some of the leadership style he examined include

democratic leadership, authoritarian type of leadership, employee oriented style,

production-oriented style and punitive leadership style.

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 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

INTRODUTION

This chapter describes the methodology used in collecting data and the

statistical tools employed. These tools would be very useful in the analysis of the

result in chapter four with the aim of drawing up a conclusion in chapter five of

this research work.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Descriptive research was used to obtain information concerning to the

Effects of Working Conditions to the Performance of the Employee in UNITOP

Department Store, RTW Section.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted in UNITOP Department Store, RTW

Section, Located at Burgos St. San Carlos City, Pangasinan.

THE RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

This study will be conducted in UNITOP Department Store, Located at

Burgos St. San Carlos City, Pangasinan. The subject- respondents of this study

were randomly selected from the said Department Store, RTW Section. Out of 33

Employees of UNITOP Department Store, RTW Section, only 30 Respondents

will be selected as official, using the Randomized Sampling Method of Research.

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DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

To determine the effects of Working Conditions to the Performance of the

Employees, a researcher- made questionnaire will be used. The research

questionnaire will be composed of two parts: Part I is the profile of the

respondents; Part II is Working Condition of UNITOP Department Store, RTW

Section. The researchers will used the stratified random sampling, where this

sampling is the process of selecting randomly samples from different strata of the

population used in the study.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Data can be defined as factor information obtained through scientific

observations or experiments, through which conclusions or inferences can be

drawn. The data for this study was obtained from two sources:

(i). Primary sources of data.

(ii). Secondary sources of data.

The primary sources are made up of profiles of the students, structured

questionnaires which are constructed, validated and administered to the

respondents in UNITOP Department Store, RTW Section.

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 The questionnaire sought to obtain information on the impact of working

conditions on employee productivity and what organization could do to improve

the working condition.

The secondary sources were obtained from relevant books on the research

topic. Published research works on related subject were also used. The data

collected from the secondary sources were helpful for both the literature review

and formation of research question.

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 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter is divided into three main sections namely, summary,

conclusions, and recommendations, it worthy of mention here that summary

presented here is a recapitulation of the whole work, while the conclusion

represents the inferences drawn from the findings. On the final note, the

recommendations made in this chapter represent a set of suggested courses of

action from this study.

5.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS.

It becomes imperatives to identify the major contributory factors to

performance, bearing in mind that an organization continues to exist only on the

basis of workers performance.

The absents of some working condition and factors such as attractive pay,

conducive office setting, adequate and proper communication by management,

and workers promotion, to manage organization and retard it from attaining its set

goes; therefore, in line with following observation are made.

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 Adequate and conducive working condition should be put in place in the

working environment, so that employees can perform better in their job.

Moreover the organization should ensure that adequate incentives and salary are

put in place to enhance employee performance. Apart from this, management of

every industrial organization should ensure that a channel of communication is

created to enable employees know about the goings on in the organization.

Furthermore management of an organization should ensure that jobs are

designed in such a way that works would lead to employee satisfaction which

would in turn also enhance workers performance.

Lastly employees in an organization should be allow to participate in the

decision making process of an organization. Once an organization carry its

employee in the decision making process, performance will be on a steady rise

and the organization can achieve its desired goals.

5.3 CONCLUSION

The conclusion one can draw from the above discussion is that working

condition in an essential in ensuring employees performance in organization. This

is because the availability of this factors mention earlier will promote

performance such as a conducive working environment, adequate incentive like

promotion, good pay, and employee participation in decision making.

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 The attainment of optimal employees’ performance and organizational

goals is the prime responsibility of both the management and employee in an

organization. Management of an organization must ensure that working

conditions of employees are conducive, while the workers on the other hand must

ensure that they give their best at work for the organization to attain its goals.

5.4 RECOMMENDATION

Having examined and analyzed the factors that impact in the performance

of employees’ in an organization, management of the organization should ensure

that this factors are put in place so that the objective of the organization can be

achieved.

Management of the organization should also take time to study the factors

that ginger their employees to greater performance in the work place. The goal of

an organization is to maximize productivity and profit, but this goal could be

marred if adequate working condition are not put in place.

In Ashkad global concept limited, efforts should be geared on the

provision of conducive and work friendly environment for the employees.

Moreover incentives such as Medicare, promotion of employees, provision of

housing and recreational facilities should be provided. Lastly functional club

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houses wish could be sure as recreational and relaxation spot for employees

should be provided.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adebisi; M.A. (1989): Productivity as a function of incentive system; A study of

an industrial establishment in Lagos Nigeria. A paper presented
Ilorin journal sociology.

Alderfer, C.D (1972): Human needs in organization free press of glance, New
York.

Alexander; H. (1982): Modern business report on how to increase productivity,

New York.

David A. Decenzo &Stephen P.Robins; Human resource management. Fifth

Edition.1996.

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Donald Clark, Introduction to Instructional system design 2000.

Fajana O. (1983): Industrial productivity, wages prices and employment in

Nigeria-Seminar paper.

Fox, A. (1976): A sociology of work industry, collier; Mac Millian London.

Gallery J W & England ‘Principle of Human resource development 1980.

Gouldner A. (1964): Sociology of work industry bureaucracy; Glenco iii the free
press.

Guest R. (1962): The man of assembly line New York free press.

Herzberg etal (1959): The motivation to work, New York Wiley and sons.

Katz, D. & R. L. Kahnn (1966): The social psychology of organizations New

York, Wiley.

Maslow A (1953): A theory of human motivations psychological review.

MC Gregory, D (1960): The human side of enterprise; New York, MC Graw hill.

MC Legan, Praticial A Models for human resource development practice training

and development journal 1980.

Nadler Leonard, The handbook of human resource development New York john
Wiley and sons. 1984.

Oloko O. (1977): Management in Nigeria incentives and report for efforts. (MIN),
June/July.

Robert H.Rouda and Mitchell E kusy ‘Development of human resource. Beyond

Training a Perspective on improving organization and people
1996.

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 APPENDIX

QUESTIONAIRE ON WORKING CONDITIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON

EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE IN AN INDUSTRIAL ORGANISATION
(A CASE STUDY OF ASHKAD GLOBAL CONCEPT LIMITED)
Department of Business Administration,
Faculty of Business and Social Science,
P.M.B. 1515
Kwara State.
Dear Respondent,
I am a final student of the department of Business Administration,
University of Ilorin, carrying out a research on “Working conditions and its effect
on employees’ performance in an Industrial Organsation”. I hereby require some
information from you to enable me complete my research work. I assure you that
this is purely academic and all information given to me will be treated with great
confidentiality and your completion of attached questionnaire will be highly
appreciated.

Yours sincerely,
OGUNDELE A ABIOLA.

SECTION A: PERSONAL DATA

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General Instruction: Please tick well, in the most appropriate responses and fill

in the blank spaces where necessary.

1. Sex (a) Male [ ] (b) Female [ ]

2. Marital Status (a) Married [ ] (b) Single [ ] (c) Others [ ]

3. Which of this is your age bracket? (a) 18-30 yrs [ ] (b) 31-40 yrs [ ] (c) 41-

50 yrs [ ] (d) 51-60 yrs [ ]

4. Please tick your highest qualification

(a) Primary/Modern School [ ] (b) HSC/WASC [ ] (c) OND/NCE [ ] (d)

BSc. /HND [ ] (e) other [ ] specify…………………..

5. Religion (a) Christianity [ ] (b) Islam [ ] (c) Traditional [ ]

(d) Others [ ] specify…………………..

6. Which income bracket do you fall into monthly?

(a) 7,500-10,000 [ ] (b) 10,000-20,000 [ ] (c) 21,000-50,000 [ ] (d)

51,000-100,000 [ ] (e) 100,000 and above [ ]

7. What is your designation in this company? .......................................................

8. How long have you served in this company (a) 1-5 yrs [ ]

(b) 6-10 yrs [ ] (c) 11-15 yrs [ ] (d) 16-20 yrs [ ] (e) 25 yrs and above [ ]

SECTION B: WORKING CONDITION

9. What is your perception of your Salary? (a) Very satisfactory

[ ] (b) Satisfactory [ ] (c) Very unsatisfactory [ ]

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(d) Unsatisfactory [ ] (e) Just Fair [ ]

10. If you are not satisfy with your salary, does it affect your

Performance? -----------------

11. Does your company take care of your medical treatment?

(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

12. When was your last promotion? (a) About one year ago [ ]

(b) Over Four year ago [ ]

13. Are you satisfied with the working conditions in your company? (a) [ ] (b)

No [ ]

14. If your answer is NO, does it bring low performance?

(a) Yes [ ] (b) [ ]

15. Do you believe that your company’s working conditions affect Organizational

effectiveness? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

16. Has there been any appreciable improvement on your working conditions in

the past one year? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

17. Do you agree that there is any shortcoming in the working conditions of your

company? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

SECTION C: WORKING CONDITIONS AND PERFORMANCE

18. Do you think that your level of performance is a function of your working

condition? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

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19. How would you rate your level of performance?

(a) Very high [] (b) High [ ] (c) Low [ ] (d) Indifferent [ ]

20. If your working condition were improved, would you perform better on the

job? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ] (c) Indifferent [ ]

21. Does your management involve you in decision making of the company? (a)

Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

22. If your response is NO, does this affect your performance?

(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

23. Do you believe that participation in decision making will enhance your

performance? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

24. Does your company have any special bonus for you at the end of the year? (a)

Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

25. Do you think that your working conditions are better than that of your friends

in other organizations? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

26. Are you satisfy with the level of communication in your company? (a) Yes [

] (b) No [ ]

27.If you get employment elsewhere, would you leave this company?

(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

28. Do you think the level of communication affect your level of performance?

(a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

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29. Do you think that the level of job satisfaction enjoyed in your company

affects your performance? (a) Yes [ ] (b) No [ ]

WORKING CONDITIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON EMPLOYEES

PERFORMANCE IN UNITOP DEPARTMENT STORE, RTW SECTION

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