Practice Essentials

Mitral stenosis is characterized by restriction of blood flow from the left atrium
(LA) to the left ventricle (LV) as a result of a narrowed mitral passage. It is an
acquired valvular defect and is usually a consequence of rheumatic heart
disease, although cases of congenital mitral stenosis have been encountered.
Extensive mitral annular calcification (MAC) may result in mitral stenosis,
particularly in the aged. Mitral stenosis is seen more often in women than in
men, and it generally develops at an earlier age in developing countries than
in Western societies. In the latter, the incidence of rheumatic fever has
declined precipitously over the past 4 decades. [1, 2, 3, 4]
(See the images of mitral stenosis below. )

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