Energy in Structure

We can define Energy Is the Ability of Body

or Material to Do Work.
dw=F.ds
dw=Total work by the body

Let F=force
ds=displacement in direction of force

∫ F sd.
0 =Total work= ∫ dw W

F
Area under curve =
S s

∫ F .ds
0
 W= 12 F.s
The body rotate
dw=C. dØ
Energy=Total work by the body

Let C=Couple force

dØ=Change in rotation

Total work= ∫ dw w=
∫ C .dθ
0

C
Area under curve =
Ø c

∫ C .dφ
0

W= C. Ø 1
2

Energy or work by stress on elastic

body
2
 Consider a rectangular block (dv = dx.dy.dz)
under normal stress (σx , σy , σz) and shearing
stress τ xy =τ yx , τ yz =τ zy , τ zx =τ xzand the strain (ϵx
, ϵy , ϵz)(normal) and ( γ xy, γ yz ,)γ shear
zx

First consider σx is :-
u
u  dx
x
dw1 = ½ (σx , σy , σz) ϵx. dx
dw1 = ½ σx . ϵx . dv y d
y

Similarly
d
d z
x u

dw2 = ½ σy . ϵy . dv x

z
dw3 = ½ σz . ϵz . dv

3
  1 dw1
Total dw= dv( +dw2
   +dw3+
    dw4+
x x    dw5
   +dw6
y y ) z z xy xy yz yz zx zx
2

Shearing stresses  xy yx

be acting alone

dw4 =12 xyxy.dv

dw5 =12 yzyz.dv
dw6 =12 zxzx.dv

Total dw= dw1 +dw2 +dw3+ dw4+ dw5 +dw6

1
U= vd (σ x ε x+ σ y ε y+ σ z ε z+ τ yx γ yx + τ zy γ zy + τxz γ xz )
2

dU=dW

[εx¿ ][εy¿ ][εz¿ ][γyx¿ ][γzy¿ ] ¿

1
U= ∫ σ[ xσ yσ z τyx τ zy τ xz ]
2lov ¿
OR

U=
1
∫
2 vol
[ ε x ε y ε z γ xy γ yz γ zx ] [ σ x ¿ ] [ σ y ¿ ] [ σ z ¿ τ xy ¿ ] [ τ yz ¿ ] ¿
¿
4
 Strain energy in structure element
1-Bar in axial force:
Here σ=σx only

u
x 
x
y  x
z  x
   0
xy yz zx dv  dx.dy.dz  A.dx

ℓ
∂u 2

1 1 AE
U   XX .dv
2 vol
  A.E
20
=.X .∫
X .dx
2 0 ∂x ( )xd

2-Thin beam in bending:

5
   2 
  E  E   Z 
2 
 x 

 u  2
u  z  z
x x x 2

y  0, , , y  0
xy  0  xy  0
yz  0  yz  0
zx  0  zx  0

U  XX .dv x  Ex

1
2
where
vol ,
2
   2
U  E   z 2  .dv
1

vol
2
 x  ℓ 2
2
IE ∂ ω
U=∫
U
0  ( )
 
2

 2 E2 ∂ x 22 
0  x 
2

A
dA.dx

3-Thin plate in plane stress:

1
U=∫ 2
( σ x ε y +σ y ε y +τ xy γ xy6) .dv
vol
 σy
∂u ∂ν τ yx
ε x= ε y=
∂x ∂y τ xy
σx σx
∂ν ∂u
γ xy= +
∂x ∂ y
τ xy
E
σ x= ( εx + νε y ) = E ∂u +ν ∂ ν
1−ν 2
1−ν 2 (∂ x ∂y ) τ yx
σy
σ y= E
( εy + νε x ) = ∂ν ∂u
1−ν 2
E
1−ν 2 ( +ν
∂ y ∂x )
E ∂ν ∂u
τ xy=Gγ xy (
= 2( 1+ν ) ∂x + ∂ y )

*For plane strain:

Put

−
E =
E −ν
2
And ν =
1−ν 1−ν
4-Plate In Bending:

  2 x  1E 2  x y 

u  z x   z 2
x x
7
    ( x, y )

  2
  z y   z 2 y  1E 2  y x 
y y

U           dv
1
x x y y xy xy
2
vol

Et 3
D =Dx=Dy =Dxy=Dxy=
12( 1−ν 2 )
a b

[( ]
2 2 2 2
U=∫∫
0 0
D ∂2 ω ∂2 ω 2
+
2 ∂ x2 ∂ y 2 )
+2( 1−ν )
[( ∂ω ∂ω
2
.
∂x ∂ y
2
−
∂ω ∂ω
)(
+
∂x∂ y ∂x∂ y
dxdy )]