CHAPTER-1

Typical Duties of welding Inspector

 ISO 17637- NDE for Fusion Weld-Visual Examination

 BSEN 970- NDE for Fusion Weld-Visual Examination
 British Standard European Norms

ILLUMINATION

 Minimum is 350 lux

 Minimum Recommended is 500lux
 Distance is 600mm
 This illumination is same for visual & DPI
 Zooming Capacity of lens is X2 to X5

CHAPTER-2

Terms and Definitions

Weldability

The ability of a material to be get welded is known as Weldability

 Highest Preheat is for CRUSIFORM JOINT.

 Open Corner Joint is FILLET WELD
 Slot weld in Lap joint is possible
 Autogenous Weld is Fusion weld made without filler wire. In SAW autogenous welding is not
possible
 Homogenous (read Test Book 2-4)
 Heterogeneous (read Test Book 2-4)
 Dissimilar/Transition (read Test Book 2-4)

 Included Angle IA = 70°

 Bevel Angle BA = 35° (30° to 37.5°)
 Included Angle IA for Aluminium is 90°
Leg Length = z
Design Throat Thickness = a

z = 1.41 x a
a = 0.707 x z
As per British Standard all position uphill welding is HL045
Downhill is JL045
CHAPTER-3

WELDING IMPERFECTION AND MATERIAL INSPECTION

CRACKS
 Longitudinal Crack (parallel to weld)

 Transverse Crack (Perpendicular to Weld)

 Radiating Crack
 Crater Crack (Poor Start & Stop)

 Martensite Structure (arc

Strike)
 High hardness
 High Brittleness
 Susuptible (very Sensitive) Microstructure

 Branching Crack