Welfare

IJRIM Volume 4, Issue 12 (December 2014) (ISSN 2231-4334)
IMPACT FACTOR – 3.783

A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE WELFARE MEASURES IN PRIVATE
SECTOR SPINNING MILL AT MADURAI.
Dr. M. Veeraselvam*
ABSTRACT
Today labour is in front page news and it has become a prominent factor in the society. The
importance of labour in the industrial system and in the future planned economy of the country.
Labour welfare have an important place in the modern industrial system. The need for labour
welfare is realized all over the world because of the socio economic conditions and problem in
the industrial society. Industrial labour and its welfare is often considered to be very important
in the fast economy which is dreaming of industrializations on a large scale. The problem of
labour and its welfare have attracted the attention of many leaders and writers in India. So,
labour welfare is a timely invention to keep the working populations satisfied and to maintain a
contended labour force.
Keywords: Labour, Economy, Industrial, Welfare Employee, Problems
*Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Government Arts College,

Paramakudi
International Journal of Research in IT & Management

http://www.euroasiapub.org 22
INTRODUCTION
The term “welfare” is derived from the French phrase “ welfare which means to” fare well”
Labour welfare measure is nothing but the preservation of the health and attitudes of the
employee. That is, it contributes to the maintenance of employee morale. Labour welfare
therefore, forms one of the major determinants of industrial relations.After Industrial revolution
each and every nation has to depend much on the industrial sector for the development of the
economy. The economic development is the yard stick of the people standard of living. Level of
consumption and the ratio of saving for that life is expected to be a risk free one to the maximum
possible extend for the industrial employees who are the back bone of the economy. With regard
to labour welfare the Indian Labour Organization report points out that such services facilities
and amenities. It may be established in the vicinity of the undertaking to enable the persons
employed to perform their work in healthy, congenital surrounding and provided with amenities
conductive to good health and high morale. The above said service facilities and amenities are
expected to be provided to the industrial employees either voluntarily by the employers or by the
state or by law. Labour welfare implies providing better work conditions such as proper lighting,
heat control, cleanliness and low noise level, toilet, drinking water facilities, canteen and rest
room, health and safety measures, reasonable, hours of work, holidays, and welfare services such
as housing education, recreation and counseling.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF LABOUR WELFARE:
1. Party humanistic, for it enables the workers to enjoy a fuller and richer life.
2. It is partly economic because it improves the efficiency of the worker, increases its
availability where it scares and keeps him contented. It therefore, minimizes the
inducement to form or join union and to report strikes.
3. It is partly civil because it develops a sense of responsibility and dignity among the
workers and thus makes them worthy citizens of the Nation.
4. The aim and objectives of labour welfare have progressively changed during the last
few decades the recent thinking in labour welfare, is more oriented towards
increasing productivity and efficiency of the work people. An outstanding trend
today is has become a comprehensive concept concerned with the development of the
total human personality embracing physical, mental, social, psychological and
spiritual aspect of the employees well being. In future, it will assume new
dimensions in our country as a result of added emphasis on the basic responsibilities
of a welfare state.
PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR WELFARE
The following are some the general principal to be followed for the successful implementation at
any welfare programme in an organization.
1. The labour welfare activities should persuaded the entire hierarchy of an organization.
Management should be welfare oriented at every level.
2. The employer should not bargain labour welfare as a substitute for wages or monetary
incentives. In other words, the workers have a right to adequate wages in addition to
welfare measures.
3. There should be proper Co-ordination, harmony and integration at all labour welfare
societies in a understanding.
4. The labour welfare work at an organization must be administratively viable and
essentially development oriented.
5. There should be periodical assessment or evaluation of welfare measures and
necessary timely improvements on the basis of feed back.
IMPORTANCE OF THE PRESENT STUDY
The importance of labour welfare measures was accepted as early as 1931. When the Royal
commission on labour stated the benefits which go under this romenculture are of great
importance to the workers and which he is unable to secure by himself. The schemes of labour
welfare may be regarded as “a wise investment” which should and usually does bring a
profitable return in the form of greater efficiency”
The importance of the study taken by the researcher is over to the fact that unfavorable opinions
or dissatisfactions of the workers about the facilities rendered will lead to a chain of reaction like
hostility, poor job performance, absenteeism, high labour turnover and other undesirable side
effects. Hence it is very essential for any management to be aware of the satisfactory and
dissatisfactory level of the worker towards the welfare facilities offered. So that immediate and
needed actions can be taken by it. Absenteeism can be reduced to a great extent by the
provision of sufficient welfare facilities. Provision of welfare amenities enables the workers to
line a richer and more satisfactory life and contributes to productivity of labour, efficiency at the
enterprise and helps in maintaining industrial peace.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Sahni S.L. (1938) reveals that regular welfare departments were started in the Textile Mills in
1934 and 1935. A Majority of the mill officials who were deputed to carry out welfare work in
addition to their duties, looks upon in as a means of placating labour. They attempted to keep
worker out of labour organization. This revealed the need for an Independent labour department
under qualified labour officers. The recreation facilities were not only meager but had not
reached down the workers level.
Chitnis R.Y. (1950) reveals that 242 workers of a locality were interviewed and only 3% of
them attended lectures arranged at their factories to explain the E.S.I Scheme. Over 3\4the felt
that the benefits derived were not worth the contributions made for 2 out of 3 said it was bad.
From the administrator’s view point, the major difficulties of local offices was with regard to
calculation of the rate of payment. The scheme was not extended to members of the family.
Padaliya G.L. (1952) has the observation by his study as the implementation of the non-
statutory services and programs involved and approximate per capita expenditure of Rs. 1.75.
As regards Industrials Programmes, Nursery schools, adult education classes, reading room and
Library, games sewing classes, Crèches and club activities were available.
Aggarwal S.K. (1955) the mill provided a variety of welfare amenities like recreation,
education, housing, health, canteen and social security. The welfare programmes dated back to
the year 1921 and did not come about as a result of the passing of the factories Act of 1948. The
management was deeply concerned about the welfare of the workers and spent a good deal of
money in providing these facilities with a view to project their socio, economic and cultural
development.
Mudaliyar’s study (1957) revealed that the attitudes of 50 grade employees towards the welfare
facilities were studied. Out of 520 clerks, 50 were selected by stratified random sampling. The
responding showed greater appreciation for medical facilities as compared to other services. In
cases of serious ailments they preferred to consult private doctors. Further, it was not extended
to the family members of the employees.

Singh J.N. (1959) it is evident that in sprit of many facilities available to the workers. They
were not full utilizing them because of their ignorance and abject lack of time. There was little
publicity of the welfare activities with old colony and therefore their co-operation in the
activities was meager. 60% of the workers of the new colony fully cooperated in the activities.
The hospitals in the colonies were poorly equipped.
Ignatius Davavaram. B. (1973) in his study stated that 52% of the workers were satisfied with
First Aid facilities 16% of them felt that Industry is poorly ventilated. Management has
prevented accidents by providing proof machines. Regarding canteen, 34% were satisfied.
Regarding social security 36% of respondents were satisfied. All of them felt that worker’s
education is a useful one.
Narasimham. V. (1980) revealed that speaking about their Trade Union the workers expressed
fear that the management deliberately scotched any attempt by the workers to form a strong
union. What is evident to the Investigator is that there is no great sense of togetherness between
the workers and the establishment. Investigator regrets to record here the determined refusal of
the management of the Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation to provide any data connected
with the organization.
Also he was denied all help.
Jeyaraj. S. (1981) in his study stated that Latrines & Urinals is the main welfare facilities to
safeguard the health of the workers in maintain from fair to poor conditions. The floor is full of
iron dust which makes the factory floor very dirty. The canteen existing is lacking cleanliness.
The present working hours of co- operative store is not suitable for the worker to go and
purchase the consumer goods after their duty is over.
NEED FOR LABOUR WELFARE
The need for labour welfare arises from the way nature of the industrial system, which is
characterized by two basic factors.
1. The conditions under which work is carried on are not congenial for health.
2. When a labour joints in an industry, he has to work in an entirely stage atmosphere
which created problem of adjustments.
There is a social reasons also as pointed out by the labour Investigation committee. The
provision of canteen improves the physique entertainment reduces the incidences of vices,
medical and maturity and child welfare services improve the help of the workers and bring down
the rates of general material and infantile morality, and educational facilities increases their
mental efficiency and economic productivity.
The need for labour welfare was strongly felt by the royal commission on far back as in 1931
primarily because of a lack of commitment in industrial work among factory workers and the
harsh treatment they received from their employers.
The need was emphasized in free India by the construction, which contain the following articles
in this regard.
SCOPE OF LABOUR WELFARE
It is indeed difficult to accurately lay down the scope of labour welfare work because of the fast
that labour is composed of dynamic individual with complex needs. As the subject of welfare
facilities is a very broad one covering a wide field of amenities and activities, limited cannot be
rigidly laid down regarding its scope for all industries and for all times. More specifically, the
ways in which labour welfare is classified can be examined in order to obtained a clear-cut
understanding of its scope.
Any welfare programme that is been offered can be classified into three
1. Statutory welfare
2. Non- Statutory welfare
3. Mutual Statutory Welfare
The Statutory types constitutes those provisions of welfare work which depend for their workers.
On the face of it is apparently philanthropic but it also increases the efficiency of labour and
reduces the area of conflict. Mutual statutory welfare refers to social security measures.The
committee of experts on welfare facilities for industrial workers constituted by the ILO has
divided the welfare services in to two groups.
Welfare amenities within the premises of the establishment, which are generally termed as intra-
mural facilities.Welfare amenities outside the establishment, which are generally as extra- mural
facilitiesThere are some social welfare organization which undertake voluntary welfare services.
Some of the trade unions also undertake voluntary welfare work for the benefit of their members.
Thus labour welfare is very comprehensive and it embraces a multitude of activities of
employers, state, trade, unions and other agencies help workers and their families in the content
on their industrial life. The scope of labour welfare is fairly wide and it bears different meaning
in different countries.
RESEARCH METHODOLGY
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1) To study the Intra-mural benefits offers to the employees
2) To study the Extra-mural benefits offers to the employees
3) To study the Labour’s attitude towards their work and working condition.
4) To study the current available welfare facilities and the general opinion about the welfare
facilities in spinning Mill.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Man power otherwise the labour is the important resource of any nation, to develop its economy.
For the complete utilization of this resource the authorities, the owners, the industrialists may
minimize the worker’s problems with reference to the working conditions, nature of work, the
salary, security etc., Today all the public and private sector are concerned and concentrate with
the problems of and the welfare of the labour. This clearly points out that the major goal of any
organization, industry, management is to solve the problems of labour and by giving pure
security to their life and work there by they are getting more work from the workers. So, the
production of an organization and the nation become widespread increase.
The whole economy of today is based on the outcome of labour’s effort and skill and maintains a
good relationship between the employer and the employee. The labours are helping to the
management in all aspect of productivity, turn over, efficiency, skill, marketing etc., So also the
management is concerned with the development of labourers and their position. Even though
any and every organization is concerned with welfare of the labourers the investigators wants to
probes into this problem with reference to this agency for the fulfillment of the aims and
objectives of the study and also to gain more knowledge in the field of “ Labour Welfare” and
hence he formulated the problem as opinion of the welfare facilities in private sector spinning
mills at Madurai.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Design decides the fate of the proposal and its outcome. Designing is a preliminary
step in every activity because it is at the designing stage that the purpose for which design is
being made is to be decided. Designing thus provided a picture for the whole, before starting of
the work. Design thus helps in planning and in the process of deliberate anticipation.
Since the basic idea is to have complete and accurate information regarding the satisfactory level
of the welfare facilities, the procedure to fulfill for this aim is carefully planned. The researcher
has employed research Design as descriptive and diagnostic design. This clearly explains that
the various welfare facilities which are provided by the corporation and the satisfactory level of
the workers will be described and the same will be diagnosed with the educational level of the
workers.
SAMPLING
This sampling is of helpful to the researcher in saving time money and energy and at the same
time it can be managed and controlled within the stipulated time. The sampling that has been
employed here is representing the entire population of the study.
In this study the researcher has applied convenience sampling.
DATA COLLECTION
Here the researcher has collected her data by schedule method. He has also administrated the
interview cum observation method.
By this schedule method of data collection of the researcher can make a face to face contact
between the workers. This is very helpful to form the personal relationship called rapport by the
researcher. There by can utilize as to the maximum participation workers during the interview.
By interview also the researcher can asses, analyze the existing things and have a better
understanding of each and every problem that the workers are facing. Interview is always
accompanied by observation. Observation is one of the major tool for the social workers which
can accurate clear cut idea about the problem and things which are focused by the respondents.
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED
 Percentage analysis
 Weighted average
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
It was difficult to meet all the respondents in the unit due to shift constraints.
The sample size is restricted to 100 due to time constraint.
Some of the respondents might have answer in biased manner.

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
TABLE NO. 1 Table showing age of the respondents.
S.NO Age No. of Respondents Percentage
1. 16-26 50 50
2. 27-37 18 18
3. 38-48 26 26
4. 49-59 6 6
Total 100 100
INFERENCE
The above table shows that the age distribution of the respondents. 34 percent of the respondents
are aged at 15 to 50 years. 60 percent of the respondent are at 35 and above.
Diagram
50
45
40
35 16-26
30
25 27-37
20 38-48
15
10 49-59
5
0
No. of Respondents
TableNo:2 showing opinion of the canteen facilities by the respondents.
Point HDIS DIS NET SAT H.SAT TOTAL AVG WEI RANK
Standard 18 12 54 224 10 318 21.20 0.212 5
Cleanliness 16 8 42 248 20 334 22.26 0.222 2
Quality 10 8 30 280 30 358 23.86 0.238 1
Quantity 4 4 66 256 40 324 21.60 0.216 3
Service 8 8 162 112 30 320 21.33 0.213 4

INFERENCE
From this we will clearly understand that the quality of food has the weighted average of 0.238
it rank is 1,cleanliness in the canteen has the weighted average of 0.226 it rank is 2,quantity of
food in the canteen has the weighted average of 0.216 it rank is 3, services provided in the
canteen has the weighted average of 0.213 it ranks is 4, Standard provided in the canteen has
the weighted average of 0.212 it ranks is 5.
Weight
Service
Quantity
Quality
Cleanliness
Standard
0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7 0.72 0.74

Diagram
TableNo:3 showing the opinion of the respondents in the health care facilities
Point HSAT SAT NET DIS HIG.DIS TOTAL AVG WEIGHT RANK
Disposal of
130 240 30 - 2 402 26.80 0.268 1.5
waste
Drinking water 110 264 24 - 4 402 26.80 0.268 1.5
Latrines &
20 224 54 8 18 324 21.60 0.216 5
urinals
Cleanliness 10 216 54 8 22 310 20.66 0.206 6
Ventilation 30 256 72 8 2 368 24.53 0.245 3
Temperature 30 192 126 4 2 354 23.60 0.236 4
INFERENCE
From the table we will understand that the drinking water and disposal of waste has the weighted
average of 0.268 it rank is 1.5, Ventilation has the weighted average of 0.245, it rank is 3,

Temperature has the weighted average of 0.236 it rank is 4, Latrines & urinals has the weighted
average of 0.216, it rank is 5, Cleanliness has the weighted average of 0.206, it rank is 6.
Diagram
Temperature
Weight
Ventilation
Cleanliness
Latrines &…
Drinking water
Waste
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Table No 4 showing the opinion of the respondents in the temperature

S.NO Satisfactory Level No. of Respondents Percentage
1. Highly Satisfied 6 6
2, Satisfied 48 48
3. Neutral 42 42
4. Dissatisfied 2 2
5. Highly Dissatisfied 2 2
Total 100 100
INFERENCE
In this table 44 percent of the respondents have viewed their opinion as normal. 38 percent of the
respondents have viewed as not satisfied. Only 18 percentage of the respondent have the opinion
as poor.

Diagram
50
45 Highly Satisfied
40
35 Satisfied
30 Neutral
25 Dissatisfied
20
Highly Dissatisfied
15
10
5
0
No. of Respondents
TABLE No 5 Table showing the opinion of the respondents in the works shift
S.NO Satisfactory level No. of Respondents Percentage
1. Convenient 80 80
2. Normal 10 10
3. Inconvenient 10 10
Total 100 100
INFERENCE
This above table mentioned that 74 percent of the respondents have expressed their views as
convenient 24 percent of the respondents have expressed their views as normal. And it is
inconvenient only for 2 percent of the respondents.
Diagram
80
70 Convenient
60
50 Normal
40
30 Inconvenient
20
10
0
No. of Respondents

Table No 6 showing the opinion of the respondents in the work load

S.NO Satisfactory Level No. of Respondents Percentage
1. Heavy 24 24
2. Normal 76 76
3. Less - -
Total 100 100
INFERENCE
In this table is evident that 46 percent of the respondents have viewed their workload as heavy.
52 percent of the respondents have viewed as normal workload and only 2 percent of the
respondents have expressed their less satisfaction.
Diagram
80
Heavy
60
40 Normal
20
Less
0
No of
Respondents
TableNo 7 showing the opinion of the respondents in the welfare facilities
Point HDIS DIS NET SAT H.SAT TOTAL AVG WEI RANK
Store 8 - 114 184 40 346 23.067 0.230 1
Sitting 14 4 156 120 10 304 20.267 0.202 3
First
14 8 54 248 10 334 22.267 0.222 2
aid
Canteen 16 4 60 248 - 328 21.866 0.218 4
Shelter
20 12 48 232 - 314 20.933 0.209 5
rests

room
Welfare
- 12 228 72 - 312 20.800 0.208 6
officer
INFERENCE
From the table we will understand that the store has the weighted average of 0.230, it rank is 1,
First aid has the weighted average of 0.222, it rank is 2, Canteen has the weighted average of
0.202 it rank is 3, Shelter rests room has the weighted average of 0.218, it rank is 4, Welfare
officer has the weighted average of 0.209, it rank is 5, Sitting has the weighted average of 0.208,
it rank is 6.
Diagram
0.7
0.68 Weight
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.6
0.58
0.56
Store Sitting First aid Canteen Shelter Welfare
rests room officer
FINDING
1. 66 Percent of the respondents are satisfied with the drinking water facility.
2. 18 percent of the respondents are highly dissatisfied with the Latrines & Urinals
facilities.
3. 62 percent of the respondents are satisfied with cleanliness
4. 70 percent of the respondents are satisfied with quality of food
5. 50 percent of the respondents are having normal level of satisfaction in EPF.
6. 50 percent of the respondents are having normal level of satisfaction in EPS.
7. 38 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the Bonus.
8. 52 percent of the respondents are satisfied in dispensary facilities.

9. 54 percent of the respondents feel satisfied in timing facilities.
10. Almost every (female) respondent satisfied in Transport facilities.
11. 84 percent of the respondents feel convenient of working hours.
12. 80 percent of the respondents feel convenient of shift time.
13. Every 82 respondents are more satisfied with the holidays they provided.
14. 12 percent of the respondents say that interval facilities is not enough to them.
15. Every respondent are satisfied with over crowing.
16. 46 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the store facilities.
17. 30 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the sitting facilities.
18. 62 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the first aid facilities.
19. 62 Percent of the respondents are satisfied with the canteen facilities.
20. 16 percent of the respondents are having normal level satisfaction in shelter & rest
room facilities.
SUGGESTIONS
1. 4 percent of the respondents are highly dissatisfied with drinking water facility it can
provided properly by additional water treatment plant at proper place.
2. 32 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with the safety measures for the eyes
glasses can be provided whenever needed to the employees.
3. 34 percent of the respondents are not satisfied in protection of fire it can be overcome
by regular training to the employees.
4. Only 10 percent of the respondents are not satisfied towards the fencing of machinery
it can overcome by the proper maintenance.
5. 12 percent of the respondents are not satisfied towards with the safety implements it
lead to low production.
6. Only 14 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with quality of food in the
canteen it can be improve.
7. Only 6 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with quantity of food in the
canteen it can be improve.
8. 92 percent of the respondents are satisfied with the social securities, they can try to
reach cent percentage in forth coming year

9. 20 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with dispensary facility to the
employees, proper steps to be taken to overcome.
10. 18 percent of the respondents are not satisfied with services provided to the
employees, proper steps to be taken to overcome.
11. Only 8 percent of the employee feel that the working hours is not all convenient to
them ,at the time of night shift it can be overcome by providing transport & food
facility at free of cost to the employee..
12. Only 2 percent of the respondents feel that the holidays are not convenient to them
regular step can be take to change into cent convenient to the all employee.
13. Only 6 percent of the respondents feel that the time of the interval is not all enough to
them.
14. 8 percent of the respondents can provide store facility to reach pent percentage.
15. 14 percent of the respondents are not available the sitting facility, more number of
chair & table can be provided to the employee.
CONCLUSION
“Every individual organization growth is not a real growth. Every organization as well as
employee growth is a real growth” Taking this into consideration every organization develops
themselves as well as employee of that organization. Finally it can be reflect on the development
of the economy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Agarwal. R.D. “ Dynamics of labour relation in India” Mercury publishing House, New
Delhi, 1974.
2) Bhagaliwal. T.N. “ Economic of Labour and Industrial Relations” Sathiya Bhavan, 1982.
3) Bhavar. R.K., Industrial Welfare”, Nagpur.
4) Desa & Rao, “ Labour problems and Social Welfare” New Heights publishes, New Delhi.
5) Dale Yoder, “ Personal Management and Industrial Relations” Prentice HallOf India
Private Ltd, New Delhi.
6) Joseph Tiffin & J. Mecoromic, “ Industrial Psychology” prentice Hall of India Private
Ltd, New Delhi, 1971.

7) Kirkaldy. H.S.., The Sprit of Industrial Relations” Allied publication private Ltd,
Bombay, 1961
8) Memoria. C.B. “ Labour Problems and Social welfare in India” Kitab Mahal Private
Limited, Allahabad.
9) Moorthy. M.V. “ Principal of Labour Welfare” Gupta Brothers, Visakapatnam, 1968
10) Punkekar. S.D Deodhar, S.B., Mrs. Saraswatjo Sank, Labour Welfare, Trade Unionism
and Industrial Relations” Himalaya Publishing House, 1981.
11) Chac Licoin, L. “ Satistical Method and Analysis” Mc Graw Hill Book Company,
International Edition, 1969.
12) Gupta. S.P., “ Statistical Method” Sulthan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 1979.
13) Kothari.C.R “Research Methodology”, Willy Ester Limited, New Delhi,1985.


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IJRIM Volume 4, Issue 12 (December 2014) (ISSN 2231-4334)

IMPACT FACTOR – 3.783

*Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Government Arts College,

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

TableNo:2 showing opinion of the canteen facilities by the respondents.

Standard 18 12 54 224 10 318 21.20 0.212 5

Cleanliness 16 8 42 248 20 334 22.26 0.222 2

Quality 10 8 30 280 30 358 23.86 0.238 1

Quantity 4 4 66 256 40 324 21.60 0.216 3

Service 8 8 162 112 30 320 21.33 0.213 4

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

0.58 0.6 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.7 0.72 0.74

Drinking water 110 264 24 - 4 402 26.80 0.268 1.5

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

Table No 4 showing the opinion of the respondents in the temperature

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

Table No 6 showing the opinion of the respondents in the work load

TableNo 7 showing the opinion of the respondents in the welfare facilities

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

International Journal of Research in IT & Management

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