CH 02 Symbols

= 07842b5 0533802 498
Chapter 2
Symbols
2.1 Communication designer. Typical information depicted by

welding symbols that is of interest to a weld-
Communication can determine whether a ing inspector includes type of weld, size of
job will be a success or a failure. In industry, weld, weld location, joint configuration, fin-
drawings convey the designer’s concepts to ished condition of face and root of the weld,
those performing the work. Intricate details as well as any special instructions.
can be much more accurately and efficiently Knowledge of the information provided by
described through graphic presentation than the welding symbol is essential to the inspec-
through the written word. tor when a weld is to be visually examined
In the case of welded construction, a great (VT). Once the inspector understands what
deal of information may be required in order the engineer requires, a thorough and highly
for the welder to successfully provide a weld effective visual examination can result. Many
adequate for the designer’s intended purpose. situations warrant a more extensive check
Using written notes is one method for con- than can be provided by visual examination
veying the necessary design concepts. How- alone. In such cases, other forms of non-
ever, written descriptions can become quite destructive examination (NDE) are often
complex and time consuming for intricate employed.
details. A simpler and more efficient method
The inspector can gain a great deal of
uses welding symbols.
insight from the welding symbol as to the
The American Welding Society has devel-
applicability of a particular test when nonde-
oped a system of standard welding symbols
structive examination is involved. In ultra-
now used and accepted worldwide. Figure 2.1
sonic testing (UT), for example, useful
depicts the various types of weld and welding
information provided by the welding symbol
symbols and explains the purposes and loca-
tions of the basic elements. A detailed might include the joint configuration and
description of the system can be found in location. From this information, the NDE
AWS A2.4, Standard Symbols for Welding, operator can determine whether the test can
Brazing, and Nondestructive Examination. be physically conducted as well as what
Figure 2.2 shows the advantages offered transducer angle would most readily reveal
when welding symbols replace the written any discontinuities.
explanation. Figures 2.3 and 2.4 show other The welding symbol can also provide valu-
welding symbols and how they are used to able information concerning how the test can
specify the welding requirements. The adja- be applied when radiographic examination
cent details illustrate the significance of each (RT) is to be used. Information such as joint
symbol. configuration, weld location, type of weld,
Just as the welding symbol is important to and size of weld can help the radiographer to
the welder, equally important is the welding determine the types of discontinuities which
inspector’s knowledge of its meaning. With- may be present and the best method for their
out this knowledge, the inspector would be detection. Such details allow the inspector to
unable to assure that the welder has complied plan his test so that the best technique and
with the requirements set forth by the
--``,,,```,,``````````,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
procedure will be used,
COPYRIGHT 2003; American Welding Society, Inc. 3
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W 07842b5 0533803 324

4iSymbois
Basic Weldlng Symbolsand meir Loeation Signiiicance
Figure 2.1-AWS Standard Welding Symbols
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COPYRIGHT 2003; American Welding Society, Inc. Document provided by IHS Licensee=Shell Services International B.V./5924979112,
9 07842h5 0513804 2h0
SymbolslS
--``,,,```,,``````````,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 2.1 (Continued)-AWS Standard Welding Symbols
M 0784265 0533805 L T ì M
ó/Symbols
2 (2-118)
2 (2-1/8)
25"
t
2
25"
WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL
GROOVE WELD SYMBOL WITH COMBINED DIMENSIONS
Figure 2.2-Comparison of Welding Symbol and Written Explanation
2.2 Nondestructive 2.3 Master Chart of Welding,

Examination Symbols Allied Processes, and
With the increased use of nondestructive
Thermal Cutting
examination by consiruction industries, it Inspection personnel must be familiar with
becomes convenient for the engineer to the welding and allied processes within the
include testing requirements on the fabrica- scope of their work. A welding or allied pro-
tion drawings. Noting testing requirements on cess is basic to the operation to be performed,
the drawings helps to avoid many after-the- and may be subdivided into more specific
fact inconsistencies associated with the extent processes.
or type of testing. As with welding symbols, a In the hierarchy of welding, the welding
system has been established to communicate process stands first. Each welding process
nondestructive examination information using definition is complete so that it will stand
symbols similar to those used for welding. A alone. Processes are defined for prescribed
complete description of this system is elements of operation. This method of organi-
included in AWS A2.4. zation is the basis for the Master Chart shown
The construction of nondestructive exami- in Figure 2.7.
nation symbols uses the same basic elements The chart is a display of a hierarchy of
found in welding symbols along with similar welding and allied processes; the highest
governing niles. Therefore, arrow-side and generic levels (least specific) are in the center,
other-side designations retain their same loca- and the more specific are in boxes on the
tion significance. Figure 2.5 shows the basic perimeter. The chart is intended to be compre-
elements of the examination symbol and their hensive and includes not only widely used
standard locations with respect to one another. production processes, but also some that are of
Figure 2.6 illustrates the shorthand nota- limited use because they have been replaced
tions used with nondestructive examination by other processes, have only recently been
symbols. introduced, or have limited applications.
--``,,,```,,``````````,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~
07842b5 05L380b 033 m

Symbold7

(A) SEE OF SINGLE-FILLET WELD
114; , i141L[w8 (6) SIZE OF EQUAL DOUBLE-FILLETWELDS
I ;a8
AWELD CROSS SECTION

(C) SIZE OF UNEQUAL DOUBLE-FILLETWELDS
.LEGON>
MEMBER B i14 x 112
icK,
SYMBOL
MEMBER A
MEMBER B

(D) SIZE OF UNEQUAL LEG FILLET WELD

(E) CONTINUOUS FILLET WELD
WELD SYMBOL
(F) LENGTH OF flLLET WELD
Figure 2.3-Examples of Typical Fillet Welds Showing

the Corresponding Symbols and Dimensions
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0784265 0533807 T7T
8/Symbols
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r 314

(6)

(D)

(E)
(F)
7
tZ43 3 y
WELD CROSS
II 3:
1
" '4: SECTION

i
7 SYMBOL
Figure 2.4-Examples of Typical Groove Welds Showing

the Corresponding Symbols and Dimensions
07842b5 0513808 90b
Symbold9
NUMBER OF EXAMINATIONS
LENGTH OF SECTION
REFERENCE LINE TO BE EXAMINED
SPECIFICATION OR
OTHERREFERENCE
EXAMINE IN FIELD
TAIL EXAMINE-ALL-
AROUND
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EXAMINATION METHOD
LElTER DESIGNATIONS
Figure 2 . E t a n d a r d Location of Elements for NDE Symbols
Figure 2.6-Examples of Typical Nondestructive Examination Symbols

W 0784Zb5 051i3809 842
10íSymbols
âRC W E W N O Uï¿)
WCStudWdng sw
abrnk m e n wïding AHW
bare memi arc W n g BMAW
csrbai wddhig CAW
pascsrbaiarc'&dhg CAW4
shielded caibai arc welding CAW-s
hnncarbonmwddng CAW-T
elecweasw i n g EGW
flux med arc welding FCAW
g r s - s h w flux mad an:welding FCAWG
sen-shieldednm med EUC w m n g FCAWWS
gas maiaiæc welding GMAW
P u W pas memi arc wdding GMAW-P
mOn cffidng gas m& arc welding GMAW-S
ga5 tungsten arc weidlng GTAW
pulsed gas bingsten æc W M n g GTAW-P
magn&caiiy impelled æc welding MIAW
plasmaarc welding PAW
shielded metal arc wddirm SMAW
submqai arc welding SAW
swies submerged arc welding SAWS
aMision &ding DFW

-RING (a hot isanatw:pr8s8ure wsiäng HiPW
dip soldenng DS eqibsmwelding EXW
fumaceraldenng FS fwge w M n g mw
kiductlaisdderlng IS fmwelding FRW
iMared sddenng IRS WELDING direct drive ïrict!m weiding FRW-DD
-
irmsoldering INS iriciion stir wdding FSW
resistancesddehg RS AND inenafricwnw&ng mw-i
tech noidenng TS JOINING hot pressure welding HFW
ultrB8onicsdderlng U S d i w&ng ROW
wave soldaring ws PROCESSES u b s m c wading usw
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Moa brazing
E!wuam
'/
diliuskx brazing
d e braring
auniwrrnicbrazing
funace brazing
-i brazing
ihirared brazing
resistance brazing
twch brazing
twin caibaiarc brazing
Figure 2.7-Master Chart of Welding, Allied Processes, and Thermal Cutting
m 07842b5 0533830 564 =
Symboldl 1
Figure 2.7 (Continued)-Master Chart of Welding, --``,,,```,,``````````,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Aiüed hoc-, and Thermai Cutting

CH 02 Symbols

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= 07842b5 0533802 498

2.1 Communication designer. Typical information depicted by

W 07842b5 0533803 324

Basic Weldlng Symbolsand meir Loeation Signiiicance

Figure 2.1-AWS Standard Welding Symbols

Figure 2.1 (Continued)-AWS Standard Welding Symbols

GROOVE WELD SYMBOL WITH COMBINED DIMENSIONS

Figure 2.2-Comparison of Welding Symbol and Written Explanation

2.2 Nondestructive 2.3 Master Chart of Welding,

07842b5 05L380b 033 m

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

114; , i141L[w8 (6) SIZE OF EQUAL DOUBLE-FILLETWELDS

AWELD CROSS SECTION

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

Figure 2.3-Examples of Typical Fillet Welds Showing

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

WELD CROSS SECTION SYMBOL

" '4: SECTION

Figure 2.4-Examples of Typical Groove Welds Showing

Figure 2 . E t a n d a r d Location of Elements for NDE Symbols

Figure 2.6-Examples of Typical Nondestructive Examination Symbols

aMision &ding DFW

Figure 2.7-Master Chart of Welding, Allied Processes, and Thermal Cutting

Figure 2.7 (Continued)-Master Chart of Welding, --``,,,```,,``````````,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Aiüed hoc-, and Thermai Cutting

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