GROUP E

MEDICINAL &
AROMATIC
PLANTS

HORTICULTURE
Medicinal
Plants
The word “herb” has been derived
from the Latin word, “herba” and an
old French word “herbe”.

YOU CAN GROW

Medicinal plants can be defined as
the plants that possess therapeutic
properties or exert beneficial

AT HOME
pharmacological effect on the
human or animal body.
Aromatic
Plants
Latin word aroma; "sweet odor,"
from Greek aroma "seasoning, a
spice or sweet herb,"

YOU CAN GROW

Aromatic plants are a special kind of
plants used for their aroma and
flavour. Many of them are also used

AT HOME
for medicinal purposes.
 Medicinal &
Aromatic Plants
(MAPs)
Medicinal and Aromatic plants are useful to
keep on hand to treat common ailments.
1. Basil
Basil (ocimum basilicum) is a common herb used to garnish
salads, pasta and many other meals to add delicious flavor.
Thanks to the vitamins and minerals in basil, such as vitamin K
and iron,
Basil health benefits:
Reduces stress
Strong antibacterial properties
Rich source of antioxidants
Reduces inflammation and swelling
Common uses:
Sprinkle as a garnish for dishes
Include as ingredient for smoothies
2. Catnip
Catnip (nepeta cataria) is a fun plant for cats. Most cats are
attracted to the plant and will roll around near it since its aroma
acts as a stimulant. These medicinal plants also act as a
sedative for cats if consumed.
Catnip health benefits:
Repels bugs and relieves irritation from bug bites
Calms restlessness, anxiety and stress
Relieves stomach discomfort
Accelerates recovery from colds and fevers
Common uses:
Brew leaves for a tea
Dry leaves and burn to release aroma
3. Cayenne Pepper
Cayenne pepper (capsicum annuum) adds a spicy kick to any
meal or drink and is a popular detoxifier for many people.
Cayenne pepper health benefits:
Detoxifies the body
Boosts metabolism
Eases an upset stomach and helps digestion
Improves circulation
Relieves pain
Common uses:
Add to sauces, spice mixes, dressing and other dishes
Consume as a pill
4. Chamomile
Chamomile (matricaria chamomilla) has a high concentration of
antioxidants that make it a great plant for relieving a variety of
ailments.
Chamomile health benefits:
Improves overall skin health
Relieves pain
Aids sleep
Reduces inflammation and swelling
Common uses:
Brew dried flowers for a tea
Inhale essential oil
Apply essential oils topically
5. Dandelion
You should think twice before removing those pesky
dandelions (taraxacum) from your front yard! Dandelions are not
only edible, but they are also full of health benefits.
Dandelion health benefits:
Detoxifies liver and supports overall liver health
Treats skin infection
Supports overall bone health
Treats and helps prevent urinary infections
Common uses:
Brew roots for a tea
Use leaves as garnish for dishes
Consume as a pill
6. Echinacea
Echinacea (echinacea purpurea) is also commonly known as
purple coneflower.
Echinacea health benefits:
Treats and helps prevent urinary tract infections
Strengthens immune system
Relieves upper respiratory issues
Fights infections
Alleviates symptoms from the common cold
Common uses:
Brew roots, leaves and flowers for a tea
Consume as a pill
7. Garlic
Garlic (allium sativum) helps keep away vampires and
unwanted diseases!
Garlic health benefits:
Helps prevent heart disease
Lowers cholesterol and blood pressure
Prevents dementia, Alzheimer’s and similar degenerative
diseases
Improves digestive health
Common uses:
Use as ingredient or garnish for dishes
Consume raw
8. Lavender
Lavender (lavandula) is popular for its soothing scent and ability
to calm the nerves.
Lavender health benefits:
Eases tension and reduces stress
Relieves headaches and migraines
Aids sleep
Supports healthy hair and skin
Relieves pain
Treats respiratory problems
Common uses:
Brew flowers for a tea
Use essential oil in a diffuser
9. Lemon Balm
Lemon balm (melissa officinalis) is a longstanding medicinal
plant used to help relieve stress and ward off insects!
Lemon balm benefits:
Calms restlessness, anxiety and stress
Reduces inflammation
Treats cold sores
Soothes menstrual cramps
Common uses:
Brew leaves for a tea
Garnish for dishes and desserts
Apply tea or essential oil topically
10. Marigold
Marigolds (tagetes) are fragrant plants that many turn to in
order to improve their overall skin health.
Marigold health benefits:
Soothes skin and treats skin diseases
Reduces inflammation
Strong antibacterial and antiseptic properties
Treats ear pain and infection
Strengthens eyes
Common uses:
Brew dried flowers for a tea
Apply essential oil or cream topically
Sprinkle as a garnish for dishes
11. Parsley
Parsley (petroselinum crispum) is a delicious garnish that’s
helpful for supporting your immune system, bone health and
digestive health.
Parsley health benefits:
Relieves bloating and supports digestive health
Fights bad breath
Supports bone health
Rich source of antioxidants
Common uses:
Sprinkle as a garnish for dishes
Create a juice or brew for a tea
12. Peppermint
Peppermint (mentha × piperita) is a fresh herb that we taste in
gum, toothpaste and desserts.
Peppermint health benefits:
Relieves allergies
Soothes muscle pain
Relieves headaches
Reduces nausea, gas and indigestion
Supports digestive health
Common uses:
Brew leaves for a tea
Apply essential oil topically
Inhale essential oil
13. Rosemary
Rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) is full of vitamins and minerals
that help support many different functions in the body.
Rosemary health benefits:
Reduces inflammation
Improves blood circulation
Improves memory and enhances overall brain function
Treats bad breath
Supports liver health
Common uses:
Brew dried leaves for a tea
Sprinkle as a garnish for dishes
Apply essential oil topically
14. Sage
Sage (salvia officinalis) is another medical plant that helps
support memory and combat degenerative diseases.
Sage health benefits:
Improves memory and enhances overall brain function
Supports digestive health
Strengthens immune system
Treats and helps manage diabetes
Improves skin health
Common uses:
Brew fresh leaves for tea
Sprinkle as a garnish for dishes
Inhale essential oil
15. St. John’s Wort
St. John’s Wort (hypericum perforatum) is primarily known as a
natural way to relieve symptoms of depression.
St. John’s Wort health benefits:
Helps relieve symptoms of depression
Relieves anxiety and helps manage mood
Reduces inflammation
Soothes skin irritation
Common uses:
Consume as a pill
Brew fresh flowers for tea
Apply topically as essential oil or ointment
16. Thyme
Thyme (thymus vulgaris) is a popular herb used in cooking.
Thymol is found in thyme and is commonly found in mouthwash
and vapor rubs.
Thyme health benefits:
Soothes sore throats and coughs
Improves blood circulation
Treats respiratory problems
Supports immune system
Common uses:
Sprinkle as a garnish for meals
Brew fresh leaves for tea
Apply topically as a cream
Most Popular Herbal
Pharmaceutical
Manufacturers
(Dawakhana)
IN PAKISTAN.
Popular Herbal Pharmaceutical
MANUFACTURERS (DAWAKHANA) IN PAKISTAN.

Hamdard Laboratories Dawakhana Hakim Ajmal Qarshi Dawakhana

Khan
Popular Herbal Pharmaceutical
MANUFACTURERS (DAWAKHANA) IN PAKISTAN.

Dawakhana Taseer Hashmi Dawakhana Lasani Dawakhana

Problems Associated
WITH CONSERVATION OF MAP'S PLANTS
HABITAT
DESTRUCTION
Natural disasters such as
floods, gully erosions, etc,
destroy millions of medicinal
plants and their ecosystem in
an instant, bringing to naught
any prior conservation efforts.
FINANCIAL LACK OF PROPER
PROBLEMS EDUCATION
Financing conservation The seeming ignorance of the
programmes have been a people to the economics of
major problem against the these plants resulting in the
success of conservation lack of concern of the people ,
strategies. Heavy financial thereby creating enormous
inputs are needed to execute conservation challenges.
laudable conservation
practices.
 Conservation &
Preservation
Techniques
Preserve almost all of my culinary herbs, as
well as medicinal herbs or flowers for teas or
other potions.
1. DRYING HERBS:
Air-drying:
Bundle up sprigs of washed herbs with
twine or string and hang upside down by
their stems in an area with good
circulation but out of direct sunlight.

Oven:
Set the oven to 175° F, or the lowest
temperature the oven will go, and lay
your herbs out on a baking sheet in an
even layer. Check every 30 minutes and
bake until dry to the touch,
2. FROZEN HERBS:
This is a great way to freeze herbs that
will be added to soup or dishes with
sauces.
They may lose their texture and the
color may change, but they retain most
of their flavor or healing properties.

Finely chop fresh herbs and pack into

an ice cube tray.
Fill the tray with water, and freeze
until solid. .
3. PRESERVING HERBS IN
VINEGAR:
This way might not preserve the herb
itself, but it infuses vinegar with the
herb’s flavor or healing properties.
You can use any type of vinegar, but
wine vinegar is the most common for
culinary.
Simple wash your herbs if necessary,
place in a clean jar, and pour over
with vinegar.
Let the vinegar infuse for at least 3-4
weeks, then strain and discard the
herbs and rebottle the vinegar.
4. PRESERVING HERBS IN
OIL:
Like vinegar, this does not preserve the
plant part, but it does save the flavor.
This is a great way for oils that will be
used in dishes where you want a subtle
hint of that herb’s flavor.
Place clean and dried herbs in a jar,
and top with oil, making sure herbs
are completely submerged.
Store in a cool and dark area, and let
infuse for 4-6 weeks.
5. PRESERVING HERBS IN
HONEY:
It’s unlikely you’d want to smear
oregano-infused honey on toast, but
herbal honey can be great to add to tea
or use in cooking.
Fill a jar half full of fresh, but washed
and dried, herbs and pour over
enough honey to cover the herbs.
Let steep in a warm spot, such as a
sunny windowsill, for at least 2
weeks.
Strain if desired, or store in a cool
area or the fridge.
6. PRESERVING HERBS IN
SUGAR OR SALT:
Place either chopped, whole leaves or
sprigs, of fresh herbs in a jar with sugar
or salt.
Sugars infused with mint, lavender,
or lemon balm would be delicious
sprinkled on cookies.
Salts with thyme, rosemary or basil
would be great in savory dishes such
as sprinkled on meat or fish.
You can use both the sugar or salt and
the herbs in dishes.
7. PRESERVING HERBS IN
ALCOHOL (TINCTURES)
Tinctures or extracts are herbs
preserved in alcohol. Commonly taken
by the dropper full, tinctures are potent
medicinal remedies.
Herbal bitters are also a good option,
and they’re made by extracting bitter
digestive herbs in alcohol.
Here are a few common herbal tinctures:
Echinacea Tincture
Burdock Tincture
Dandelion Tincture
Thank
You!
References
https://www.proflowers.com/blog/medicinal-plants
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5674267/
https://www.saussurea-costus.com/list-of-medicinal-and-
aromatic-plants/

https://ethnobiomed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-

4269-10-71
http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jestft/papers/vol2-
issue6/L0266163.pdf