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Let Us Learn
The inter-connectedness of the people in the society creates a
relationship that is significant in the development of social progress. Each
person must perform his/her responsibility set by the norms and social
interests of the society.
Let Us Try
Pre-Test: Direction. Choose the best answer in every selection below.
Write the letter of your chosen answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the meaning of social institutions?
a. The groups of individuals banded together with common
purpose
b. The gatherings of people in exchange of their belief systems
c. The communities of believers who work for their religious
encounter
d. The mixtures of individuals in a certain group to form a new
group
2. Which of the following best explains the main role of social
institutions?
a. Social institutions aims to unite people
b. Social group envisions to divide people
c. Social community enables to categorize people
d. Social Identity in a group desires to identify people
3. Which of the following is NOT part of the functions of Social
Institutions?
a. Forming Religious Organizations
b. Establishing Holistic Families
c. Maintains a Child-Friendly Schools
d. Celebrates with an Achievements
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4. What is the meaning of Tribe?
a. Most Traditional and smallest type of organization
b. Permanent and formal form of government
c. Formal political organization in the modern world
d. Traditional group government
5. What do you call the inherited power in a Social Institution?
a. Traditional c. Rational
b. Charismatic d. Electorate
6. What do you call the basic social institution in the society?
a. Kinship b. Household c. Family d. Band
7. Which of the following are the forms of Marriage?
a. Heterogamy and Monogamy c. Heterogamy and Polygamy
b. Monogamy and Polygamy d. Endogamy and exogamy
8. The following are the structures of Family, EXCEPT?
a. Based on Internal Organization
b. Based on Descent
c. Based on Residence
d. Based on Physical attributes
9. Which of the following is NOT part of the functions of the Basic Social
Institution?
a. Social Institution performs the functions of biological continuity.
b. The Social institution aims to become a large family.
c. Social Institution gives its members status.
d. Social institution performs economic functions.
10. The following are the Filipino values, EXCEPT:
a. Debt of Gratitude (Utang na Loob)
b. The Act of yielding to the majority of kinship (Pakikisama)
c. Bayanihan
d. Indifference
11. What do you call the voluntary giving or taking of objects without the
use of money and hopes in the future it can be given back?
a. Reciprocity c. Indebtedness
b. Redistribution d. Hospitability
12. The kind of reciprocity in Social Institution that serves as an
exchange between groups with the donor expecting to receive something of
equal, what it is?
a. Negative Reciprocity c. General Reciprocity
b. Balance Reciprocity d. Mutual Reciprocity
13. What do you call the organized process of sale and distribution in the
society at money price?
a. Supply c. Market Exchange
b. Demand d. Redistribution
14. Which of the following does NOT include in the element description of
Social Institution?
a. Family b. Community c. Kinship d. Collaboration
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15. What do you call the kind of state that does not intervene in
managing the market?
a. Laissez-Faire State c. Welfare State
b. Interventionist State d. Authoritative State
Let Us Study
Socio- Cultural and Political Institutions (Micheli, 2000, 11-18)
Family sets as the basic and the most essential institution in the
society. It is the core of the inter-relations of the community. It is the primary
source of the values, hierarchical status, and relational functions in the
group.
Social Institution is the inter-relationship between persons and among
the groups in accordance with the functions and responsibilities in the
society. The word “Family” is defined as the social group characterized by
common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction (Murdock
1941:1). Family is the basic unit of the society that fosters the beginning of
values, norms, and belief systems. In addition, family is described as a group
of people united by mutual agreement through ties of marriage, blood or
adoption, and mutual relational inter-action and communication in creating
as well as maintaining common culture.
Kinship
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Marriage
https://pixabay.com/vectors/marriage-married-wedding-37230/
Forms of Marriage
1. Monogamy - allows a man to marry only one spouse at a time.
2. Polygamy – It is a form of more than one marriage and can be described
in two ways:
Polygyny - Marriage of one man into two or more women at the same
time. It is commonly practiced by Muslims and known as a status
symbol for the man.
Polyandry - Marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.
3. Selection of Marriage Partners
* Types of Norms in Selecting of Marriage Partners
Endogamy - dictates one should marry within one’s group, clan or ethnic
affiliation.
Exogamy - One can marry outside one’s clan or ethnic affiliation.
Levirate Norms – A widow marries the brother or the nearest kin of her
deceased husband.
Surrogate Norm - Men should marry the sister or nearest kin of his
deceased wife.
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Family
https://pixabay.com/vectors/boy-daughter-family-father-1300621/
Structures of Family
1. Based on Internal Organization or Membership
a. Nuclear Family - described as the composition of husband and his wife
and their children in union recognized by the other members of the society.
The two kinds of Nuclear Family is known as 1st, Family of Orientation - the
one that is born and reared or socialized, and 2 nd, Family of Procreation -
family is established through the mutual agreement of both parties in a
marriage that consists of husband, wife and children.
b. Extended Family – is composed of two or more nuclear families that
economically and socially related to each other. The relationship may be
through parent to child relationship.
2. Based on Authority
a. Patriarchal Family - the authority is given to the father or the eldest
male in the family.
b. Matriarchal Family - the authority is given to the mother or the eldest
female in the family.
c. Egalitarian Family - both husband and wife exercise an equal amount or
way of authority.
Functions of Family
1. The family performs the function of biological continuance and the
preservation of the bloodline in accordance with the socio-cultural
agreement of the family.
2. The Family gives its members social status that enables them to carry
all the essential benefits of the family.
3. The family performs economic and social functions in the society that
allows its members to further develop all the resources acquired by the
family.
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Structural Characteristics of the Filipino Family
1. The basic unit of the Philippine society is the nuclear family.
2. The Christian Filipino family is known as a large group that normally a
combination of both nuclear and extended families.
3. Blood kinship serves as an important role in the Filipino family that
emphasizes strong affiliation of the siblings most particularly in the rural
areas.
4. Family affiliation is emphasized in a form of “compadre or compadrazgo”
system that can be elaborated in the different rituals/occasions like
baptism, confirmation and marriage.
5. Filipino Family is commonly known as Patriarchal in authority that
means the father serves to be the leader/source of authority in the family.
Utang na Loob – is an
exchange of goods and services
between individuals in form of
good faith. Most of Filipinos
strongly observe this value out
of filial piety and respect.
Pakikisama – is an act of
being with the person in any
forms/situation.
Bayanihan – is an act of
unified workforce in a form of
volunteerism for greater
cause.
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Challenges and Threats of Filipino Families
Challenges/Threats Description
Many of the Filipino families of today are
not experiencing the difficulty of uniting
with all its members. Most common factors
Disintegration of the Family of the disintegration are lack of
communication within the family members
and acceptance among the closest
relational affinity.
There are Filipinos who are now hooked
Substance Abuse and addicted with the different illegal
substances that can greatly cause
problems into the family. The youth are
now carried away by the most common
way of living of the family in the society.
Arising number of families today are now
experiencing the absence of parents in the
growth and development of their children.
There are many valid reasons to cite of why
Parental Absenteeism this is currently happening. One of those
reasons is the low family income that
pushes both parents to seek for better
work options to supplicate the needs of
their family members.
Due to the concurrent social problems,
many families of today are greatly affected
Economic Difficulty of the economic difficulty which eventually
divide the society.
Filipinos of today are no longer practicing
the Filipino values, and instead much
Deteriorating of Family Values easier to welcome and live the other
country’s values and culture.
Many Filipino teenagers are now
Alarming Rising incident of experiencing early teenage pregnancy due
Teenage Pregnancy to lack of parental guidance and strong
peer pressure.
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organized for it is more dependent
on horticulture. The leader
possesses more power, however,
can be deposed if he/she exercises
too much power to the group.
Chiefdom A political group It is permanent and formal
characterized by social government. The leaders are role
hierarchies, models who are responsible in
centralization of power resolving disputes among
members. Leadership is
and distribution of
dependent on the skills and the
resources to the capacity to lead the group.
members.
State The most complex in It is formal political organization in
relation to social, a modern or industrial way of
economic, and political living that defined the citizenship
organization. of its constituents according to
their rights and responsibilities.
The group imposes regulation to
manage the large population of the
group.
Each group of people in the society have the similarities when it comes
to translation of leadership by the leader. The role and responsibilities of a
leader is greatly beneficial to the members of the group. One thing that holds
and binds the group is the exercise of power of a leader in their respective
group or community.
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Blau, P. M. (1963). "Critical remarks on Weber’s theory of authority". The American Political Science Review, 57 (2): 305-316.
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2. Charismatic - It is the capacity of a person to lead the members of the
group by virtue to inspire them to willingly follow and obey.
Forms of Reciprocity
1. Generalized Reciprocity - refers to the exchange of goods and services with
no time-bound frame is followed. This is a kind of reciprocity that a person
is giving without expecting something in return.
2. Balanced Reciprocity - means the exchange between groups or individuals
with something to expect to receive out of similar or equally the same in
value given. This concept somewhat creates pressure in either both parties
for it demands to reciprocate the given resources within the period of time.
3. Negative Reciprocity - described as unequal process for which the groups
try to maximize their advantage while giving as little as possible. This is
inspired by the desire to acquire a large portion of goods using minimal
resources.
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Transfer and the Government
Government transfer or transfer of payments is used for the redistribution
of resources specifically wealth and income where no goods or services are
given to the donor in return. In a State scenario, transfers are evident for
payments that can be through the collection of taxes, social services,
pensions, housing, and health care plans. In the Philippine context, the
government is providing various programs and activities intended for the
citizens. The commonly identified allocations are retirement, disability
benefits, medical, unemployment insurance, and education.
Redistribution
The process of redistribution of goods or services is observed when the
collection of goods from individual in a community is kept by the central
authority. These goods are collected to be used for future transactions. The
main goal of redistribution is to allocate such goods back to the people for
common welfare. The process requires reversal dynamism – from the storage
area of the central authority then given back to the common people.
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and economic growth in the areas of people’s communes, state-owned
enterprise, decentralization, price reform and capital market development.
Let Us Practice
Activity # 1: Matching Type. Match column A and B. Write the letter of your
choice on the space before the number.
A B
_____1. The right of a leader to maximize or use A. Authority
power to command the members of the social
institution
_____2. The Social entity that binds together as B. Social
one and collaborate to provide security and Institution
traveller
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A B
_____3. The created identity in the Society of two C. Social Status
parties through marriage.
____4. It is an exercise authority of a leader based D. Rational
on a social rules.
_____5. refers to a vital role in the achievement and E. Welfare States
protection of the economic and social readiness of
its citizens.
_____6. The intervention of the state in the market F. Developmental
and sets direction towards economic development. State
_____7. The process of redistribution of goods or G. Redistribution
services in the society.
_____8. refers to the social exchange of goods and H. Reciprocity
services with no time-bound frame is followed.
_____9. The basic unit in the Social Institution. I. Family
_____10. Affiliates a person with a group of J. Social Inter-
relatives through his/her father. connectedness
Activity #3: Modified True or False. Read and analyze each item carefully.
Write T if the statement is correct and write the correct answer of the
underlined word if the statement is incorrect.
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Activity #4: Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Write the letter of your
choice on the space before the number.
_________2. Mario and Grace are both working for almost 12 hours just to
provide the basic needs of their children. Oftentimes, they go home late at
night, thus the eldest child is the one tending the needs of his other siblings.
________4. Pia and Michelle are twin sisters of Nabu Family. Most of the time,
they linger much time on social media networks life Facebook, Twitter and
Instagram. Hence, they frequently forget to do their household chores, and
instead they prioritize to browse their social media accounts.
__________6. Martha finds difficulty in looking for a stable job in her place as
of the moment due to the Covid-19 pandemic. She realizes that almost more
than half of the establishments are temporarily closed due to economic
difficulty.
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Let Us Practice More
Activity #5: Comparison. Analyze the social and political structures given
below, and then compare them in today’s present government by highlighting
their similarities and differences.
1. Band
2. Tribes
3. Chiefdom
4. State
1. Power
2. Authority
3. Legitimacy
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Activity # 7: Multiple Choice. Read each statement carefully Write the letter
of your choice before the number.
_________1. Cris is the sole son of the leader of the group in their place. His
father is planning to retire his leadership and asks him to replace as part of
the succession process.
_________2. Mario is a good speaker and edifying servant of the many. He
usually inspired people to follow his precepts in serving the people.
_________3. The Filipino people is matured enough in choosing their leaders
in every national election. They follow the set rules of the people in supporting
leaders on their behalf.
_________4. James is dedicated in his call of service towards the people in the
society. He is used to walk the talk or doing by example, and this inspire the
people to imitate him.
_________5. According to the recent surveys conducted by non-government
body, Filipinos are now vigilant in choosing their leader in the last national
elections.
Economic
Institutional Advantages Examples
Concepts
Reciprocity
Redistribution
Market Transactions
State
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Let Us Remember
Activity # 8: Supplication. Provide an answer in every item below. Write
your answer on the space provided.
1. What is family?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the three types of descent?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What are the forms of marriage?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What is the meaning of Social Institution?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. What are the functions of Social Institution?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Give at least three examples of structural characteristics of Filipino
values.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. What are the challenges of Filipino family today?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What are the components of political structure?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. What is a state?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. What does the word power mean for you?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Let Us Assess
Activity # 9: Multiple Choice. Read each item carefully. Write the letter of
your choice on the space before the number.
______1. Which of the following BEST describe Social Institution?
a. Social Institution creates a harmonious relationship among the people
for the common good.
b. Social Institution enables all its members to achieve his/her full
potential.
c. Social Institution bind all its members to be united despite of their
differences and uniqueness as an individual.
d. Social Institution fosters freedom to allow all its members to do
whatever they want to do.
______2. Which of the following clearly shows the cultural functions of Social
Institution?
a. The preservation of cultural site and heritage in every group
b. The establishment of new tourists spots adapted from the other places
c. The conversion of land and other significant icon of culture to
modernize opportunities.
d. All of the above
______3. What article from the Philippine Constitution that states about
Family and its importance of the society?
a. Article 10 - The Civil Code
b. Article 15 - The Family Code
c. Article 12 - The Socio-Cultural Code
d. Article 14 - The National Family Safety Code
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______5. Which of the following best describe the process of choosing a
leader in the society?
a. The people will select a leader based on his/her physical prowess
b. The people will consider the intellectual capacity of a candidate person
c. The people will investigate the background of the candidate and
choose
d. The people will choose a leader based on his attitude, activate
participation and dedicated service to the group.
______6. Which of the following is NOT part of the functions of a family in the
society?
a. Family gives its members status to the society.
b. Family performs socio-economic functions beneficial in the society.
c. Family is significant in social control mechanism.
d. Family divides the different groups of the society.
_______7. How do social institution form?
a. Social institution forms from the collaborative effort of all its members
b. Social institution forms from the constant search of all the members
towards success.
c. Social institution forms from the persistent development and
adaptability towards modernization
d. Social institution forms from the unified effort of all its members to
establish a secure and safe community despite of the differences.
_______9. Which of the following is NOT part of the three types of Authority
exercise in the society?
a. Traditional Authority
b. Charismatic Authority
c. Rational Authority
d. Independent Authority
_______10. What do you call the right of a leader to maximize or use power to
command the members of the group?
a. Legitimate
b. Power
c. Authority
d. Coalition
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Let Us Enhance
Activity #7: Ultimate Tracer. Trace the origin of your family through
completing the family tree diagram below.
Family Tree
Mother Father
Activity # 8: Essay. Read and analyze the question carefully. Write your
answer on the space below. Your answer shall be checked using this Rubric:
Excellent Very Good Good Fair Grand
4 3 2 1 Total
Content All the Most of the Some of the The essay
necessary information information lacks the
information of the of the necessary
of the content is content is information
content is present in not found of the
evident in the essay. in the content to
the essay. essay. support.
Relevance The essay is The essay is The essay is There is no
highly mostly a little bit relationship
related to related to related to between the
the the the essay and
different different different the
concepts. concepts. concepts. concepts.
Purpose The essay is The essay The essay is There is no
excellent in is very good good in purposeful
showing a in showing showing a message
purposeful a purposeful shown in
message to purposeful message to the essay.
the people. message to the people.
the people.
Total
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Imagine the world without socio-cultural and political institutions. What do
you think will happen?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Let Us Reflect
Social Institutions play vital role in the development and sustenance of
the society. Great leaders of the previous generations and even up to the
present are all part of the said social groups. Family is indeed important for
it allow us to appreciate the value of relationships. Our dealings with our
relatives enable us to see how people evolved and continuously improving for
the best. Our constant social involvement teaches us to become responsible
constituents who can impart a lot for the betterment of the society,
particularly the family.
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Let Us Practice - True or False Pre-Test
1. Comparison
Answer/s may 1. T 1. A
vary
2. T 2. A
2. Definition
Answer/s may 3. T 3. D
vary
4. F 4. D
Multiple Choice
5. T 5. A
1. A
2. B 6. T 6. C
3. C
4. B 7. T 7. B
5. C
3. Identification 8. T 8. D
Answer/s may 9. F 9. B
vary
4. Supplication 10. T 10. D
Answer/s may
vary Multiple Choice 11. A
5. Let Us Assess
1. A 12. B
- Multiple Choice
1. C 2. B 13. C
2. A
3. B 3. C 14. D
4. D
4. D 15. A
5. B
6. D 5. E Let Us Practice -
7. D Matching Type
8. D 6. F
9. D 1. A 9. I
10. C 7. G
Let Us Enhance - 2. B 10. J
Essay 3. C
Answer/s may
vary 4. D
5. E
6. F
7. G
8. H
Answer Key
References
Maghinang, Jen. 2016. “Cultural, Social and Political Institution.” Accessed
October 14, 2020. https://www.scribd.com/document/330150584/
Chapter-6-Cultural-Social-and-Political-Institution.
Daño, Alyssa Mari. 2019. “Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.” no.
1-7. https://www.scribd.com Understanding-Culture Society-and-
Politics-Text-Manual.
Rosman, Abraham., and Paula Rubel, eds. 2008. Ties that Connects Marriage,
Family and Kinship: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research.
Germany:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/culturalanthropology/?s=authority
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