Contents Inkoduciion Unit 1 Sil 2 Uni! 3 Unit 4 Unit Unit 6 Unit 7 Unil 8 Unil $ nil 10 Wait 11 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unil 15 Revision Uni 16 Unil 17 Unil 18 Uni 19 Unit 20 Pluials / Countable Nouns - Uncountable Nouns ... Subject Persanal Pranouns / The Verh “Ta be" Alicles (A/An - The) ! Ii That ~ These - Those The Vertis “Have Bot” - : Possessives sess cose/Possessive ates pronouns) 6 (Units 1 $) Presen! Cominuaus Obiect Pronouns / The Imperative There Is - Are | Some ~ AMY ~ NO... neem Preseni Simple (Present Simple vs Present Connon). A lol of - Much - Momy/(A) litile - (A) lew (Units 1-10)... Past Simuale (Was/ ere - Hath .. bes Sino eglnreplr es Presen! Perleci (Past Simple vs Present Pate Prenositions (Time - Ploce - Movement) The Fulure (Will - Be Going to - Present Continuous} (UNIS TD) sorsssasrscnisissisnasneietaci ee nv Aciectives / Adverbs | CompOVSOAS oo. (Questions (Subject/Dbjec! Questions - Question Toys) Modal Verbs (can - could - moy - must ~ needin't - shall - wil) Iniinitive | The “-ing form” | Too - Enough Both / Neither - All / None ..... (UNS P= 20) essssatese sic siesta ns UR M4Introduction Grammarwey 1 is the first book in a four-level grammar series presented in full colour. The book is ‘designed tor leamars of the English language at Beginner level, and can be used for self-study or in the classroom as a supplement to any course at this level The aim of the book is to help leamers understand basic English grammar structures through comprehensive theory tables and functional examples, accompanied by a wealth of attractive photographs and illustrations, “The book consists of 20 units, each focusing on a particular grammar topic. ‘Atypical unit contains: ‘presentation of the grammar structure by means of visual prompts * simple, concise explanation of the grammar structures ‘+ examples in everyday conversational English, together with a few expressions showing slightly more formal use ‘© exercises practising the new structures, to help leamers use correct, appropriate patterns in everyday situations. ‘© speaking and writing activities to practise the new structures in oral and written form A revision unit folows every five units to consolidate material presented in previous units. Games Section tor students to practise grammar structures taught while having fun, The Picture Flashcards which accompany the book can be used for lively, motivating presentation of the target grammar structures, ‘The book adheres to the principle that every structure should first be heard, then practised in oral and, finally, in written form. Based on the use of full-colour visual stimuli, the book encourages leamers to speak before writing, and allows them to practise English structures through a variety of enjoyable and usetul activities. ‘The Student's Book is accompanied by a Teacher's Book containing: ‘© guidance on presenting the theory of each unit, with or without Picture Flashcards ‘© a full Key 10 the exorcisos in the Student's Book ‘© four tests in two separate versions each Thanks ‘The authors would lke to thank Rania Dunn, Anna Miller. Leura Houston, Jonathan Harrison and Steven Davies for their help in producing this book. Many thanks to E. Mavragani (art director) and V. Sipsi (@ssistant directon. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who piloied the ‘manuscript, and whose comments and feedback were invaluable in the production of the book.les-Uncountables ‘® Most nouns form their plural by adding -s. ‘® Nouns ending in a consonant + y, drop the ~y and take -les in the plural. S. a strawberry three strawberries Nouns ending in-s, ss, -sh, -ch, -x,-0, take-es Nouns ending in-f or -fo, drop the for -fe and in the plu take -ves in the plural. bus - buses, dress - dresses, brush - brushes, 4 tomato two tomatoes aleaf four ao 4 Dos ‘two wolves But some nouns ending in -o take only -s. But some nouns ending in -f or -f take only-s. radio - radios, piano - pianos, photo - photos, 5 thino - rhinos, hippo - hippos, video - videos, etc, roof - roots, giratte - giraffes, clift-clitfs, etc. ° Kome ending in a vowel + y take -s in the ® Adjectives do not take -s in the plural. 2d OM a happy girl two happy girle glass key piano potato ball bookBA = ‘Some nouns are irregular. For example: policeman raspberry sandwich... mouse photo lift 2 . 7 pen tall WOMAN sean watch KOE cnr 19 big foot .. 10 toy. 20. nice book Plurals/Countables-Unco 4 duck 7 giraffe 2 ostrich 8 deer 3. parrot 9 calf 4 swan. 40 fox 5 turkey... 44 mouse 6 dolphin .. 42 hippo Write the words in plural in the correct box. bicycle, bus, cherry, knife, man, glass, child, house, apple, box, baby, ball, tomato, ferry, leaf, tooth, goose, radio, cliff, dress, torch, city, wile, ox, deer, Calf, fox, gitalfe, watch, parrot, lady, wolf, dish, boy, woman, melon, sheep, armchair 3 bieycloe, 8 buse9, ies cherries, ~ves knives, irregular mer,ae a(t a) ‘The sutfx of the plural form Is pronounced: © /o/ When the noun ends in a(n) /, ‘t’ or /8/ sound. cliffs, books, shops, cats, myths, etc. © el when the noun ends in a(n) Isi, ki, 1, Ml, IA, 'z! oF /3/ sound. buses, foxes, , torches, bridges, roses, mirages, etc. © /2i when the noun ends in any other sound. rooms, boys, pears, leaves, lemons, Pianos, etc. © Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted (e.g. one 2, two apples, etc.) and can be in the singular or the plural, We put a before the noun in the singular when it begins with a consonant sound (b, d, p, etc.) and an when it begins with a vowel sound (a, @, i, 0, u).. ' $ a flower three flowere ed an apple (etre oe ere telel ih lta Ses ony Wie ares Sis pasa, then write them in the correct b desk, church, apie, dolphin, chair, hat, baby, dress, bird, ball, clif, box, radio, shit, rose, dish. roof, song, skirt, cherry, fox, bag, clock, glass, piano, onion, basket, bush, ferry, cage, key, myth, bus, flower, door, orange Isl deeks, Ij churchee, fel apples, ke © Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted and they usually have no plural. These nouns include: food: cheese, butter, mea, sal, pepper, bacon, ‘bread, chocolate, honey, jam, etc. liquids: coffee, mk, water, tea, wine, femonade, petrol, oi, ete. materials: gold, ron, siver, wood, paper, ote, abstract nouns: beauty, love, heppiness, etc. others: hair, money, news, snow, fumiture, weather, advice, etc. © We use some with uncountable nouns and not a/an. We also use some with countable nouns but only in the plural. e Ache& Write 2, an of some. 10 13 onnauns 6 ...... leaves elephant 11 12 cups wlemons 14 ...... bread 15 ....... doll Write 2, an or some. Which nouns are countable/uncountable? Plurals/Countables- ‘Some uncountable nouns can be made countable by using the following words in front of them: jar, bottle, plece, loat, cup, bar, glass, kilo, carton, bowl, can, jug, slice, tin, packet, etc. ajar ofmarmalade a bottle ofbeer a plece of pe alostoflread a cop obcatee a bar ofchacolate lee w es A aglees ofmik — atic of mest a carton of mit bon ot soup acanoF fuitjice a jag of orange juice Oe z= slice ofbreed — atnottich apacket of epaghetti Match the words as in the example: =— ee Sd bread lemonade ae tea orange juice cake ; coffee ole soap-Uncountables Write how many you can see in the pictures. Do this activity In pairs. One of you is the grocer ‘and the other Is the customer. Look at the pictures g. SA: Hello! Can I heip you? SB: Yes please. | need a kilo of strawberries and two kilos of carrots. SA: Anything else? SB: SA: SB: » 1 ..pwo cups of coffee. : Yes. A carton of orange juice and two tins of beans. : Here you are. Thank you. strawberes AO) sake the fotowing nouns countab some Coke - two glasses/botties/cane of Coke some bread - three ........ Lu some chocolate - four some water - five some cheese - two some meat - three ~ “ ‘You are having a party. Ten friends are coming. some wine - eight .. ee Look at the pictures In the oral activity, add your some salmon - four .. uu. wm ideas and complete the shopping list for your some milk - ten .. " ‘ some soap - four ........ Beoivomsunas Circle the uncountable noun in each group. Giniture>chair, table, desk polaio, carrot, tomato, soup coffee, cup, glass, jug sheep, meat, ox, calf apple, strawberry, chocolate, chery glass, bottle, can, soda Joat, slice, bread, piece wood, tree, leaf, lower evounonsSubject Pronouns/The Ver vO a Write he, she, it or they. ie = We can use a personal pronouns before a verb instead of the noun or the name of a person. Lid Plural ( we you you he, she, it they ° “eo @ man = he boy = he @ We use she for a woman or a git. £. 4 woman = she gin = sho ® We use it for a thing or an animal when we do not know its sex. When we talk about our pets or animals whose sex we know we can use he or she. Gey wt ®y Write he, she, it, we, you or they. car = it bear = it 1 Tony heme — @ Mary and you. © Inthe plural we use they for people, animals, 2 Mice 10 women plants and things. 3 ring 11 Mrand Mrs Smith 4 Anna. 12 dishes .. 5 Samand| 13 Jenny . BAS ence 14 boys 7 man 15 elephant 8 balls 16 brushA Are you from England? B: No, we aren't. We're from China, He's Tom and she’s Helen. They are friends. Ym Youre He's. She's Ws We're Youre Thoyre Se sea Lam not tm not Ami? ‘You are not You aren't ‘Ave you? He is nat He isn't Isher She is not ‘She isn't Is she? tis not ttisnt isi We are not We aren't ‘Are we? You are not You aren't ‘Are you? ‘They are not They aren't ‘Are they? Look at the pictures and fill in he/shejit is or they are. 1 He [S..a postman, 5 brushes. 2 doctors. 6 a baker. 3 aca 7 a tennis bal. 4 one a hairdresser. 6 1. @ Singer. First answer the following questions ®& about yourself. Then, in pairs, act out the dialogue with the books closed. ‘A: Who are you? B hats ‘A: Where are you from? B: ... ‘A: How old are you?Subject Pronouns/The By rite the gas at in the example Write questions and answers as tn Cong Sons, Seon 4 Are they singers? Yo, they Bret ba. “They're dancers. 1 |...am... a student, L'm.. a student. 2 We oa... from Spain. 3 He ........ nota doctor. 4 You a singer. 5 SNE veeaee AN BCITESS. 6 7 8 Wave waich, Thoy ...«. NOt painters. 1 not tall a waiter? Singular tam > You are : He/She is . & Write the plural. They are gite.. conn tOMALOBS. It is a doer. 1am a boy. She is a policewoman, Itis a giraffe. 1am a baker. He is a man. ‘You are a child Itis a box. Soavausonas Short answers are answers to questions which begin with the verb form is/are. In short answers we do not repeat the whole question. We only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb form is (isn't) / are (aren't). eg. Are you British? No, I'm not. a teacher? Yes, lam we av. a ay ‘No, fm not/we aren't é Yes, helsheftis. ‘5 he/she .2 No, he/she int. Ace hey..? Lestoie & te hy Og! No, they aren't.ronouns/The Verb "To Be” (a, (i) Look at the table and answer the questions. r » naval officers. . at home now? Paul England 3a writer @ a ‘ : Rosa Italy 30 @ a i 2 Greg and Bob actress Chin China 25 teacher = Moi China 25 teacher Where is Paulosa Where are Chin and from? Mei from? How old is he/she? How old are they? ‘What is his/her job? What are their jobs? A THIS cnn @ musical instrument. - a trumpet? Ny sais ci {Hi) Now, fim in is/isn’, are/aren't. oe aseonhone: 1) Paul../S. trom England. He ...... from China. He ne. 84 years old. He ..... a writer. 2) Rosa... from Italy. She .... 15 years old, Look at the pictures and write She ........ 30 years old. She ....... an actress. ‘tty questions and answers as in the She .... a witer. ‘examples. 3) Chin and Mei... from China. They... from senna ttaly. They ..... 25 years old. They Now, write about yourself | 1 Sarah and | am sisters. 2 Ben and Tim is al school. 4 England are a country. 5 5 Tim are from America. = ad 3. Horses and cows is animals. Look at the pictures and fill in isiisn't, Leta - 4 (weak/strong) are/aren't and the correct personal pro- PETE INE sore heen noun he, she, it or they, Stee pam It i6 old, oe 1 Alice 's a teacher. Is she 2 {uchyfoeautil) 5 pene old? No, she isn't, She is young, 3 (enorvalp (eadmappy)ORAL activity ‘The teacher chooses a leader. The leader chooses Job from the pictures and writes it on a piece of Paper. The other students ask questions to tind out what he/she is. The student who guesses correctly becomes the leader. e.g. (The leader chooses “porter”) $1: Are you a doctor? Leader: No, I'm not. $2: Are you a teacher? Leader: No, I'm not. S3: Are you aporter? Leader: Yes, fam. teacher © painter dancer Subject Pronouns/The Vi ~) RETL NG a Tr Read the information about the two people below. ‘Then, fill in the missing words in the short texts. Name: Piere ‘Sumame: Delon Age: 17 Job: Student, St Martin's College Nationality: French \\ WG ‘Name: Nora. ‘Surmame: Milton Age: 49 Job: Secretary, Star TV Channel Notionality: Canadian, Pierre Delon. Heis 17. Heis a at St Martin's College. He is s . Nota Milton. She is . secretary at Star TV... F Canadian. Now complete the information about yourself. Name: ‘Surname: Put your photo | age: here ‘Job: Nationality: Now write about yourself: Jam Bi16 is-That-These-Those Q First say, then write a or an. ‘The indefinite article a/an is used before singular countable nouns. We use a before nouns which begin with a consonant sound and an before nouns which begin with a vowel sound. 2 dolphin an elephant ‘a.university (conso- an umbrella (vowel nant sound) sound) a house (consonant —_an hour (his silent) sound) ® with singular countable nouns when we want to say what somebody/something is or what someone's job is. itis a dog. r & ce) =a © with uncountable or plural nouns. We can use some instead. ‘some chocolate some eggs ® in front of an adjective when there is no noun after it. But when there is a noun after the adjective, we use a for adjectives which begin with a consonant sound and an for adjectives which begin with a vowel sound. itis a car. Itls fast. itis fast car. tis also an expensive car. .~- pineapple Activity First make sure you know the names of the things in the pictures. Then, look at the pictures for one ‘minuto, Finally, close your book and name as many ‘things as posaiblo using a/an.Articles/This-Thet-' The dog in the picture is big. The dog's name is Buddy. The definite article the is used with singular or plural nouns. e.g. the gil, the men, the house ‘ ! 1 i | 1 © with nouns when we are talking about something — @ with plural nouns when we talk about them in specific, for example when the noun is men- general. tioned for a second time or Is already known. In 4 jons are wile! animals. (Which lions? All ‘other words, when we can answer the question figns in general) “Who?” or “Which?". ‘can see acar The car before proper nouns. is red. (Which car? The specitic car which we see in the picture.) This is Jane. © with nouns which are unique. the earth, the sky, the sun, the Parthenon, © before names of meals (breakfast, lunch, ares Nels dinner, ete.) and games/sports (golf, tennis, before the names of rivers, seas/oceans, Basketball tc.) mountain ranges, deserts and groups of isiands/states. Tennis is an exciting the Wile, the Mediterranean, the Atiantic, the Alps, ena the Sahara, the Bahames, the USA ® before the names of musical instruments, CL the piano, the quiter, the violin ® with the words this/that /these/those. before nationalities and names of familles. ile cat, lowe Diovcles, NOTE The Be ce © with the words school, church, bed, hospital, Ure Chilsece Wve. ka eres lee: Sadi attra Peon prison, home when we refer to the purpose for ® betore the words morning, aftemoon, evening. which they exist. John goes 10 school at 8:30 in the moming. 1 go to schoo! in the morning. (=John is a student.)& Correct the mistakes. First put the nouns in the correct ox, then read them out. car, root, onion, gir, book, ox, actress, bus, key, apple, orange, elephant, knife, umbrella, waich’ owl The /80/ The /3t/ ae ame neieeenre teeceseary- An earth is a planet. They have got a old car. 1. Jane is an painter. ‘The is pronounced /3e/ before words which begin 2 Ihave got an uniform. with a consonant sound (the giass, the baby). 3 Helen isn't at the home. 4 The Pyramids are in the Egypt. The is pronounced /&t/ before words which begin 5. {tis a hourglass. with a vowel sound (the egg, the apple). 6 The Mark Is a student. 7 |have got a milk. 8 Itis an house. 9 10 horses are lovely animals. 2 sree CCBA ES IF ren IGE. 3 “We Usually GO 10 wm Spain for our summer holidays." ‘Really? We like to stay in England.” 4 water is very dirty. You can’t swim here. 5 "Where are...» children?” “They are playing in garden. (By nin an or ne whore necessary. a Jlimis from 1) Scoland. He's got 2) nn two brothers and 3) ......... sister. They live with their mother and father in 4) big house in 5) countryside. Jim has lots of hobbies. He 1 ...The... book in the picture is red. likes 6) ........ football and he plays 7) ......... guitar. 2 1 82a is blue, He has §)...... fed bicycle. Every day he takes his 3 Mike is a good student. dog for 9) Walk i910) ne Pak. His dog's 4 Mississippi is a tong river in America, name is 11) «nn. SPOt . 5 basketball is @ nice game. b Clare tives in 1) Liverpool. She is 2) © rimamerre vin mcnenn —— Upenemen 1 ..The.. AGropots is in... Athens, ee he Ore 2 Ihave got........ umbrella. work ina) morning. 3 cree SOPHIA IS {OM vie Haly. on... alkans are ‘She. plete Work 6k: 9:00) ie pao and she goes 5) 4 Mr Smith is ...... teacher, He iS in... Classroom home at 5.00 in 6) now. evening. She likes her job 5... Sally is... actress. She is... good actress. because her boss is Bese NOW YOK IS IN sve USA. 7) someone kind man.‘This/These are used to talk about/point to people, ‘animals or things which are near us. ‘That/Those are used to talk about/point to people, ‘animals or things which are far away from us. Note: When we ask What's this?/What are these?/ What's that?/What are those? we answer Its (It's) or Thoy aro (They're). 0.9. What's this/that? it's an urbrelta. NOT: Fhie/Raat is an umbrella, What are these/those? They're hats. NOT: ThosoiThose are hats. When we ask Js this...2/Is that...?/Are these...?/, Are those...? we use short answers: Yes, itis.JNo, it isn't/Ves, they are.INo,they aren't Js this a camera? Yes, it is./No, ftisn't Are these sunglasses? Yes, they are No, they aren't Js that @ helicopter? Yes, it is./No, it isn’t. Are those birds? ‘Yes, they are./No, they aren't. 10» S> Articles/This-That- Fill in this Is, that Is, these are or those 2 my hat. palmtrees. 6 vo» My BOOKS. Fill in the gaps with it's, they're or what's, Look Dad! 1) ..What's.. that? 2k. . @ scorpion, Scorpions are very dangerous. And what are those? Those? 3) .. 4). jat? 5) asnake. I's horrible! And who are those people over there? 6)... in the desert. camels. 1 Bedouin, They live in tents They look stranget's-That-These-Those Fill in the speech bubbles with this, that, these or those and one of the words from the list. flowers, clock, man, cake, shoes, car ef ORAL cv ‘The Browns are showing photographs from their holidays round the world to a friend. In pairs, look at the pictures. Ask and answer questions using What's this?/What are these? as in the example. e.g. SA: What's this? SB: It's the Colosseum.The Verbs "Have Go What have they got? Abird has got a beak, They've got roller blades, a tail and wings. They haven't got skate- boards. Ae z Has she got long hair? No, she hasn't. ‘She has got a headache. She's got short hair. We use the verb fiava (got): 2) to show that something belongs to somebody e.g. He's got a ball b) to describe people, animals or things ¢.g. She's got blue eyes. ) with the following expressions: ve got a headache, f've got a temperature, I've got a cough, ve got toothache , Pve got # cold, 've got @ problem. Ihave (got) lve (got) Vhave not (got) haven't (got) Have | (gon? You have (got) You've (got) You have not (got) You haven't (got) ‘Have you (got)? He has (got) He's (got) He has not (got). He hasn't (got) Has he (got)? She has (Go!) She's (got) She has not (go!) She hasn't (aot) Has she (got)? thas (go!) fs (got) Ithas not (go!) It hasn't (go!) Has it (got)? ‘We have (got) ‘We've (got) ‘We have not (got) We haven't (got) Have we (got)? You have (got) You've (go!) You have not (go!) You haven't (got) Have you (got)? They have (got) They've (got) They have not (got) They haven't (got) Have they (aot)? First say what they have got, then write as in the example. He has got a guitar, baa 1s 4 Q fishing rods long hair eanonas “Have Got”-"Can” Fill In have got or has got. Then write questions and negations as In the example. . 1 Steven ...has gat... a new car. Has Steven got... a bicycle? No, Steven hasn't got a bicycle... 2 an umbrella. ahat? 3 Anna and Tom The table . four legs. three legs? esse @ White Cat. a black cat? 5 THCY an ..2 long tall. soe @ Short tail? a. computer, a camera? 8 Julie .. a big house, ‘a small house? In short answers we only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb have (haven't)/has (hasn't). We don’t use got. e.g. Have you got a car? Yes, | have, Yes, live have. at ees No, liwe haven't Yes, he/sheiit has. > atl Ct No, he/she/it hasn't. ‘es, they have. 2 oe No, they haven't. ® Look at the objects in the table. In pairs, ask and answer what you, your parents and your brother/sister have! has got or haven't/hasn't got as in the example. eg. SA: Have you gota calculator? SB: Yes, | have, ‘$A; Have your parents got a jeep? SB: No, they haven't | Eo oe calculator motorbike wr ,) pet computer video camera bicycle mobile phone guitar Note: It’s got = It has got / Tom's got = Tom has got Its = tis Put the words in the correct order to make sentences and write them out using the full form of the verbs as in the example. 1. she’s/hair/olonde/got She has got bionde hair. 2 a/got/ Tony's / red / ball 3 goldfish / seven / got / he's 4 a/\t's/ kite / yellow 5 a/got/theyve/ car/new 6 big/a/it's house(lady/umbretta) anona so Write questions and answers as in the ‘example. (Giralfe/short neck) they/crums) a Has the boy got a dolit.. «No, he hasn't, He's gat a teddy bear... Complete the sentences with have/ has got or haven't/hasn't got and one of the words from the list. a fot of pets, a headache, four legs, toothache, her glasses, @ balcony, enough money, sharp teeth | don’t feel very well. I've got a headache. Its a nice flat but it. Most animals. Katy likes animals. She ..... I'm going to call the dentist. 1 Grandma can't read the letter. She Sharks . We must go to the bank. We The Verbs “Have Look at the pictures. in pairs ask and answer questions using the prompts as in the example. e.g. SA: Has Fiona Smith got a cheap car? SB: No, she hasn't, She's got an expensive car. 41 (Fiona Smith/cheap car) 5 (Fiona Smitymary jewes) 2 (Mary Newtonsmall 8 (Mary Newton/a yacht) house) 7 Fiona Smrithia big house) 3 (Fiona Smith/a tent) 8 (Mary Newton/many 4 (Mary Newior/a wate) dresses) ame: Fiona Name: Mary Siith Newton ob: acess J: typist Write about Fiona Smith and Mary Newton as in the example: (pone Sri tes Gots BOR se Riad NeonCan they ride @ horse? Yes, they can. They can ride @ horse. Can we play on the computer, please? ‘The verb can is the same in all persons in the singuler and in the plural and is always followed by a verb. We use It: a) to show ability ¢.9. / can sing. ) to ask somebody to do something for us e.g. Can you open the door, please? ¢) to ask for something e.g. Can | have a piece of cake, please? 4) to ask for permission to do something e.g. Can we play on the computer, please? | can walk I cannot walk You can walk You cannot walk He can walk He cannot walk She can walk She cannot walk Itcan walk It cannot walk We can walk We cannot walk You can walk You cannot walk They can walk They cannot walk Note: the negative form caririzt Is one word. Look at the pictures and ask and answer as in the example. SA: What can he do? SB: He can shi RN 2. swim. 5. talk 6. take photographs can't walk Can | walk? ‘You can't walk Can you walk? He can't walk Can he walk? She can't walk Can she walk? It can't walk Can it walk? We can’t walk Can we walk? You can't walk Can you walk? They can't walk Can they walk? Make sentences which are true using can or can't. An attist /paint pictures An artist can paint picturee, Acat / fly A cat can't fly. ‘A monkey / climb trees dog / talk Aish / walk, A baker / make bread Ahamster | nide a bicycle ..Yes, Vyou/he, ete. can, Can I/youyhe, ete, ...? VyOuMne, eC. 7 6. Yyoumhe, etc. can't Put a tick (v) for each thing you can do and a cross (x) for each thing you can’t do. Then, he/she can or can’t do. Finally, tel the class what you and your friend can and can't do as in the example. eg. | can speak English, cook spaghetti and draw but | can't play a musical inetrument, drive a car or type. My friend Maria “1 Myfiend play a musical instrument speak Engish cook spaghetti drive a car draw type For each of the situations below, fill in the gaps with Can you or Can and a verb from the list. borrow, carry, have, help The Verbs “Have oe ‘Activity ~~ Jim Lawton is a stunt man. He can do many dan- gerous things, but there are some simple things. that he can't do. Look at the pictures and in pairs ‘ask and answer questions as in the example. e.g. SA: Can he dive @ racing car? SB: Yes, he can. rivelracing cer —_irorvclothes é Activity S Jim Lawton had an accident. He broke his leg. 8) What can't he do now? Use the verbs from the list below to write sentences using can’t. drive - jump - dive - climb €.9. He can’t drive a racing car. b) What can Jim do? Use the verbs from the list below to write sentences using can. read - talk write - watch - listen e.g. He can read @ magazine.26 This is John. These are John's parents. John’s ball is write. © We use the possessive case a) to show that ‘something belongs to somebody 6.9. Mary's bag, b) to explain the relationship between two ‘or more people e.g. Tom's uncie and c) to talk about shops and houses. eg. He'sal the baker's. (= He'sat the baker's shop.) They are at Bob's. (= They are at Bob's house.) ® The possessive case is formed in two ways: a) with ‘s for people and animals e.g. Jim's flat and b) with the preposition of for things. the legs of the table the cat's tail © Singular nouns or proper nouns take "s. eg. the boy's ball, Emily's car When the proper noun ends In-s we add ’s or ‘only an apostrophe (’). e.g, Doris's hat or Doris’ hat ® Plural nouns ending in -s take ’ apostrophe). eg. the girls’ house Irregular plural nouns take ’s. e.g. the men’s boat This is Mary and Tony's dog. Jil’s bicycle is red. Bob's bicycle is blue. These are uill's and Bob's bicycles. © When the same thing belongs to two or more people we add ’s only to the last noun. Paul and Tina’s house. (The house belongs to both of them.) ® When two or more things belong to two or more people and we want to show that each person has his/her own thing we add ’s to each noun. Mary's and Sarah's roller skates. (Each girl has her ‘own roller skates.) © When we want to know to whom something belongs we use the question word whose. Whose horse is this? W's Helen's.(GQ), Aer ana ancwor as in he example 1 (car/Alan and Jane) Whose car Ie this? it’s Alan and Jane's, £4 3 (gloves/the boxers) 4 (eall‘the footballers) e& 8 5 (leddy bearJanet) 6 (racketsiBen and Fita) ‘The s of the possessive case Is pronounced /s/,/iz/ ‘or /z/. The pronunciation rules for the possessive ‘case are the same as the rules for plural nouns. Ist Mtl, (kh Iph 1th, (04 Clif’s, Frank's, Pat's hal [sh Ih 1h 105% 124, 130 Alice's, Trish's, Mitch's J2/ after all other sounds the woman's, the boy's, the dog's Put the nouns in the correct list in the possessive cast read them out. the girl, Tom, George, the cat, Beth, the child, Liz, Philip, Scott tsi ter ti the girl's ® ‘Choose the right item. abe are green. A The eyes of Helen B Helen's eyes C Helens’ eyes 2 is old. A My father’s car € The car of my father B My fathers’ car . are dirty. A The shoes of the giris 8 The girls’ shoes G The girls shoes 4 Thisis A Peter 5 Isthis ‘A Melanies’ house ¢ the house of Melanie econo hamster. © Peter's rhea is Pippin. “B My cats’ name A My cat's name © My cats name . are red. B The tree's leaves A The vrees leaves: The leaves of the tree Note: Tony's got = Tony has got He's a... = Heisa. Tony's book = possossive case 23 es ert ones, oe nas. 1. Kim's gota pet. 6 GotoMr Baker's 2 This is Mr Dixon's ‘shop. house 7 Feed Helen's rabbit. 3 Look at Steve's shoes. 8 She's adoctor. 4 She's in France. 9 Darren's hair is black. & He'stenyears old. 10 He's gota blue ball. 27:28 A B: . A: Whose is it, then? B: think it's Simon's. His waliet is brown. ‘A: Simon, is this wallet yours? ©: Yes, i's mine. Thanks. * Note: There Is no possessive pronoun for the Personal pronoun it. en ® Possessive adjectives/pronouns show: a) that something belongs to somebody, and b) the relationship between two or more people. We put possessive adjectives before nouns. Possessive pronouns are not followed by nouns. This is my bag. This bag is mine. That is thelr car. That caris theirs. Write the possessive adjectives and pronouns. ‘adjectives pronouns YOUR You Mary Andy and Sally Mike Mark and 1 John Susan and Kate Helen the dog 10 Jim and you Gy enientine tne corect word YOUrS.. worvousenas 1 This is ourlours car. 2 Is this yours/your house? 3. Whose is this umbrella? It's my/mine. 4 That bicycle is hers/her. 5 Are these their/theirs books? 6 Whose are these boots? Are they yourlyours? 7 This is mine/my camera. 8 Is that her/hers dog? 9 These aren't our/ours pens. They are your! yours. 10 She's mine/my sister. Her/Hers name is Ann. Fill in the gaps with the correct possessive adjective (my, your, etc.) and one of the words from the list. homework, flat, honeymoon, handbag, car, parents umbrella 1 Greg wants to buy a house. .../is flat... is too small 2 Gay ail Mary Gots last weak. Thay wert to Hawaii f0F ne 3 It’s raining! Take “ith you. 4 Ihave to take the bus to work tomorrow. ‘ has got a flat tyre. 5 Annlost when she ‘was on holiday. 6 My brother and [live in the city, but live in the country. 7 Billy ett his books at school and now he can't doLook at the pictures. Match the objects Look at the family tree and fill in the with the people and make sentences gaps with the possessive case in the as in the example. answers below. * £7 4 Mike ‘Unda James Sarah ya 4 1 These are the tennia iM players’ rackets. These are their racketa. These rackets are theirs irene, Who is Mike? He's 1) Who is Paul? He's 2) = Who is Irene? She's 3) and ..... daughter. Who is Sarah? She's 4). Who is Helen? She's 5) Who is Tony? He's 6) Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive adjective. Helen and Tom are having their 50th wedding anniversary. Tom: Are Linda and 1) .../ier.. husband coming to 2) ernnnmnmnnn Paty tomorrow night? : Yes. 3) daughter is coming too. Did you remember to invite James and 4) soe Wile? 6s Helen: Yes, but | don't think 5) ... -. Sons fare coming. typewriter Tom: Oh yes. Tony and 6) oo brother ate in Spain for the summer holidays. Helen: Shall we invite some of 7) ‘eas ek meats shoes JF then? Tom: Yes. Why not? friends,cr Make sentences using the possessive case (’s or of+noun). 1 door/house/yellow The door of the house is yellow. 2 owljeyes/round The onf’s ayes are round. 3 nurse/uniformiwhite 4 handle/briefcase/small kangaroojtailflong 6 handsiclocwblack 7 clowniciothes/funny 8 leaves/rose/green Fill in the gaps in the dialogue with mylyour. Then, in pairs, act out the dialogue. Good afternoon, officer. Good afternoon. How can | help you? Uhave lost 1) ...1my... bag. What was in 2) .. bag? a purse, 4) . keys and 5) . Passport, yy. What is 6) . .... address, please? ”. .». address is 24 Park Lane, London. And 8) .. telephone number? 01-658-9254. That's all, Thank you, madam. ‘Thank you very much. Goodbye. Gh satis ee 1 Excuse me, is this pen ...A... 7 Ayours B you © your 2 This is Sarah on is my sister A She B Hers Her 3 Mrand Mrs Tate live next door. This is... dog. Aous — B his © their 4 Jason lives in a big house. It belongs 10... father. RPRPRR POPBe Ahe B his ¢ him 5 We take ..... 1. children to, the park every afternoon, A our B ours © hers are all going to the beach. ATheir B They © Theirs‘4, in the gaps with the correct possessive pronoun or adjective. They'e .. Tom and Sarah. photo / this /is / yours hat /a/ on / head / has / is / got / Phil record / cousin's / this fisn’t / my socks / your / these / are /? got / you / bag / my /have /? is /long / it’s /its / and / a/ giraffe / neck (16) Correct the mistakes. Seerousens Mine room is big. The tail of the dog is long. ‘The womens’ dresses are red. ‘Are those pencils your? That is Mike's and Helen's house. Whose are these rackets? They're their. This is hers book. Those are Rita and Jim's bicycles. Is that Kates’ hat? The house's windows are green, QRAL Activity Read the information about Philippa and Colln. Then, in pairs, ask and answer questions as in the example. e.g. SA: What is Phillppa’s favourite hobby? SB: Her favourite hobby is reading. SA: What is Colin's favourite hobby? SB: His favourite hobby is fishing. PHILIPPA COUN Hobby Reacing Fishing Food Pizza Pizza Film “Batman” “Superman” Sport Swimming Swimming Colour Bue Green Now complete the table below with information about yourself. Then, ask questions to find out information about your partner as in the example: e.g.SA: What is your favourite hobby? SB: My favourite hobby 18 ou. YOUR PARTNER You Hobby Food Film Sport Colour ‘Look at the oral activity and fill in the gaps with the correct possessive adjective / pronoun or possessive case. Philippa and Colin are friends. They have hobbi 1). hobby is reading but 2)... is fishing. 3) favourite food is pizza. Philippa and Colin like films. 4) . favourite film is “Baiman” but 5) . Ig “Superman”. They both enjoy sports. 6) - favourite spon is swimming. 7) favourite colour is blue but 8). .- is green. Now, write a similar text about you and your friend. Start like this. ‘My favourite hobby is ..Revision 1] (Units 1 - 5) ae Write the plural of the following words. 1 mouse ......ice. 6 OOK ...... 2 this car 7 this watch 3 sheep .. 8 child .. . 4 that monkey 9 that umbrella 5 policeman 10 tooth . Turn the uncountable nouns into coun- tables. Some milk. Two ...glasses/cartons of milk. Some Coke. Two ... Some jam. Two Some rice. Two Some tea. Two ‘Some cheese. Two Some bread. Two .. Some dog food. Two & 1 Terry Anne: 2 Kate: examen Fill in the correct subject pronoun and 1 is OF are. How old are you? vol Aten twelve. ‘Where's my hat? Fred... on the chair 3 Bill: Is Jack at home? Stan: No, . at school. 4 Pat: Where are your cats? Marie in the garden. 5 Paul: Jenny: fine, 6 Holen: Where are you from? Tim and Rick: .- from the USA. ® Fill in: a, an or the where necessary. 1 It's ..2... lovely day. Let's go to beach, 2 Peter wants to be .. astronaut. 3 “Where are students?” “ They're in «-nvese ClaSSIOOM.’ 4 Mrs Peters is, old lady. She likes music and she plays............ cards with her friends. 5 ve; MOON isn't .. planet, 6 nnn: French are nice people. Ss Fill in the where necessary. 1 ..The... Thames is a river in... UK 2 I'm very tited. | want t0.g0 tO -nnennn DEG. 3. My grandfather is ill. He's in hospital. 4. British drink a lot of tea, 5 . Helen is an excellent cook. 6 He goes to work in . evening, He's a night watchman. FIM GOING 20 snes Morary. | want to borrow ‘some books. . Switzerland. school. He’s taking an exam today. 10 “Is this car very expensive?” "Yes, itis.” Look at the pictures and write what these people have got and what they car / drive camera / take photos 6 ball / play rugby microphone! sing He has got a car. He can drive. onneneWrite questions and negations as in the example. 1. They're Canadian. Are they Canadian? They aren't Canadian .. 2 Susan has got a pet 3. Bill can dive, 4 it's an old house. 5 They've got stamps. es Fill in the correct subject pronouns and possessive adjectives. Alison Bright is 1) 1". cousin. 2) years old. 3) .. lives with 4) family in 8 farmhouse in the country. 5) .. house is old and very big. Alison's father is a farmer. 6) . Job is very tring, Alison helps 7) . father every day. 8) ... wwe Start work early in the moming and finish late in the evening, Alison loves horses. 9) favourite horse is “Sunshine”, Alison is very appY With 10) .n.enenone fe OM the farm, (By undertne the correct word. This is the dog’s/dogs bone. That's Dad’s/Dads' car. ‘Those are the man's/mans gloves. These are the gin's/gils’ houses. This is Linda's/Lindas hat. is twenty ween LS ion 1 (Units 1 - 5) Rewrite the sentences as in the ‘example. This is my bag. ..¢ Ie mine. .. They are hers... 1 2 These are her books. 3 This is our car... Mn 4 Those are his shoes. 5 6 This is your cup. & Those are their skates. .. ay Choose the correct answer. 4 Samtrom...C... England. Aa B the c- 2 There is . book on the table. Ap Ba Can 3 There's. . Sugar in the bowl A some Ba C the 4 vw apples are delicious! A This B These That 5 There's... mouse in the cupboard! A some B an Ca ring is very expensive. A Those B That C These 7 THIS Is @ oe eeneene uniform. A soldiers ——-B soldiers’_C soldier 8 Andrews two years old. He . A can B can't 9 These are the toys. A children 40 That A iris! oy Correct the mistakes B childrens’ © children's ow Hamme Is Melanie. B girl C airs 1. There is a elephant in the garden. 2 That is Bill's car. it's him 3. There are wolts in the forest. 4 There's a bread on the table. 5 There's a money in my pocket 6 They go to the school every day. 7 My bicycle has got two wheel, 8 She's got an book.{s the sun shining? Yes, itis. Are the people swimming? leona nor ‘No, they aren't, - Tre ot What are they doing? bathing They're walking along the beach. am working im working lam not working I'm not working ‘Am I working? You are working You're working You are not working Youaren't working Are you working? He is working He's working He is not working He isn’t working Is he working? She is working ‘She's working She is not working She isn't working Is she working? itis working It's working {tis not working ttisn't working sit working? We are working We're working We are not working WearenI working ‘re we working? You are working You're working You are not working -Youaren't working Are you working” ‘They are working They're working ‘They are not working They aren't working Are they working? ‘Add -ing to the verbs and put them in the correct box. walk, dance, swim, shop, lia, study, laugh, write, % Verbs ending in-e drop the -e and take the ——%'@¥, Smoke, look, stop, sleep, die, run : -ing suffix. write = writing but see - seeing Fing a SERo ‘® Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants, double the last consonant and take the -ing suffix. ‘9k = siting, wins = swimming but open - opening © Verbs ending in-1, double the | and take the ing suttix. 0 ing double consonant travel = travelling + ing © Verbs ending in-le, drop the-le and take -y + Ing. te = lying, dia = dyingWe use the present continuous for: ® actions happening now, at the moment ot speaking. They are walking in the park now. ® temporary actions happening around now ‘but not at the actual moment of speaking. She Is working hard these days. (Right now she Js nat working. She is yawning.) Time expressions used with the present continuous are: ‘now, at the moment, at present, these days, etc. in with present continuous. Je sitting (sit) at the desk. vecneminenene (pla) football senninnnmnnmnnnns (2a) dinner. . (read) @ book. Lari (sleep). rece (SW), ee (watch) TV. : (write) a letter. The birds: anime {sing). (make) a cake, Present Write questions and negations as in the examples. 1 He is riding a bicycle. Is be riding a bicycle?... wutle isn't riding a bicycle... 2: They are stoning othe rio 3 She Is drinking Coke. 4 You are dancing. 5 We are playing basketball, 6 |amrunning. & Look at the pictures. Then, fill in the gaps with the correct verb in the present continuous. 1 Look at that kangaroo! It. carrying...ts baby. 2 Heny ...... . the car at the moment. 3. Lookat Helen! She . .. her dog for a walk. 4 Johnis late for work. He .. to catch the bus. 5 Be quiet! Dad .... 6 Susanisin her bedroom. She her suitcase, 7 Mary is inthe kitchen. She ... 8 The children aren’tin the house, They sven, inthe garden. 9 She is busy. She nn. cake. aletter.In short answers we use only Yes or No, the sub- Ject pronoun and the auxiliary verb to be. We do not repeat the main verb with the -ing suffix. e.g. Are you studying? Yes, | am. ‘Ao you..? Yee, /emiwe ore. No, noUwe aren't Ishelshelt..? Yes, he/she/tis. No, he/sheit isnt. ‘Are they? Yes, they are. No, they aren't. Look at the picture, then, in pairs, k and answer questions, as in the ‘examples. 1 Wim / wash his car) SA: ls Jim washing hie car? SB: Yes, he ie. 2 (Tom / read a newspaper) SA: le Tom reading 4 newspaper? SB: No, he ien't. He's painting the gate. 3 (Ann / cut the grass) 4 (the children / knit) 5 (dogs / chase a cat) 6 (postman / deliver letters) 7 (Grandmother / stand by the gate) 8 (Grandfather / write a letter) Look at the picture and put the verbs in brackets into the present continuous. The people 1) ...are walking... (walk) along the road. They 2) . (wear) trousers and jack- ets. The boy 8) ... .»- (push) his bicycle. s (walk) away from the other (wear) trousers and (wear) a helmet | NOTE: Wnen tne vorb have is used in the present continuous it does not express possession but action. Jeg. I'm having a bath. (= I'm in the beth.) {im having a shower. (= I'm in tho snower) Frm having a lesson. (= I'm doing a lesson) I'm having breakfesviunch/dinner. (= I'm eating brealfastiunchicinner,) In pairs, ask and answer questions as in the example. 1. answer the phone / have a bath SA: ..Can you anower the phone?. $B: ..No, I'm sorry. !'m having a bath... 2 open the door / wash the dishes 3. help inthe garden / do my homework 4 come to the phone / have a lesson 5 tidy your room / write a letter 6 help me with these bags / have a shower