ITU INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

ARCHITECTURE DIVISION
ENVIRONMENT CONTROL AND BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

CKY 528E
User’s Requirements and B uilt Enviro nment Standards
S p r i n g 2 0 20 - 2 021

C o u r s e In s t r u c t o r s : P r o f . S e d e n A c u n Ö z gü n l e r , Ph .D .
A s s o c . Pr o f . E c e m E d i s , Ph .D .
A s s o c . Pr o f . N u r i Se r t e s e r , P h .D .

The purpose of this course is to explore all the user requirements and environmental factors that help to design a
specific building type in terms of function at the levels of building, element, component, and material.

Performance requirements and variables provide the basis for identifying performance criteria to determine the
building products such as building elements, components and materials. Research will be based on the essential
requirements of European Union’s Construction Products Regulation and the relevant codes, standards,
regulations, and other technical documents (TS, EN, ISO, ASTM, DIN, BS, Fire regulations, earthquake regulation,
etc.) that help to identify the expected performance requirements that must be fulfilled at each level:
o Building elements
o Building materials and components
o Building structure
o Environmental control systems/approaches
- Passive climatisation
- Lighting systems
- Noise control-Acoustic
- Heating-ventilating (HVAC)
- Fire protection
- Sanitary installation

Building types to be analyzed in terms of function:

1. High-rise apartment block – Begüm Şahin
2. Elementary school – Hilal Günay
3. Gymnasium
4. Hotel – Yiğit Erkoç
5. Health hotel – Mustafa Kemal Öge
6. Concert Hall – Sevde Sağlam
7. Hospital – Nilüfer Özer
8. Office building – Bahar Şevli
9. Airport terminal – Mehmet Çetintaş
10. Library – Gizem Yazkan
11. Movie theater – Meryem Şeyma Aydın
12. Museum – Onur Yalçın
13. Indoor Swimming Pool
14. Cultural center - Hande Acarı
15. Holiday village
16. Senior residence
17. University campus building – Dilara Saatçi
18. Factory/manufacturing facilities – Pınar Bircan
19. Factory – Commercial Food services – Meltem Eren
20. Kindergarten – Buse İli
Assignment 1 (A1):
 Selection of the building type in terms of function
 Determination of articles related to selected function within national standards.
 Presentation of the findings

Assignment 2 (A2):
 Determination of articles related to selected function within national regulations.
 Presentation of the findings

Assignment 3 (A3):
 Determination of articles related to selected function within international standards.
 Presentation of the findings

Assignment 4 (A4):
 Evaluation of their own residential building in terms of national and international standards and national
regulations
 Presentation of the findings

Assignment 5:
 Final report on all the articles related to selected function within national and international standards, and
national regulations.
 Final report on the evaluation of their own residential building in terms of national and international
standards and national regulations

Grading policy*
Final Grade: All presentations made within term (60%) + Final reports (40%)
*: Items graded and their ratios may change during the term.

COURSE SYLLABUS – Provisional

Weeks Date Subjects

1 05.03.2021 Introduction and overview of course, and selection of building types
2 12.03.2021 Review of data collected on national standards
3 19.03.2021 A1 - Presentation of national standards on selected building function (x9p)
4 26.03.2021 A1 - Presentation of national standards on selected building function (x9p)
5 02.04.2021 A2 - Presentation of national regulations on selected building function (x6p)
6 09.04.2021 A2 - Presentation of national regulations on selected building function (x6p)
7 16.04.2021 A2 - Presentation of national regulations on selected building function (x6p)
8 23.04.2021 National holiday
9 30.04.2021 A3 - Presentation of international standards on selected building function (x6p)
10 07.05.2021 A3 - Presentation of international standards on selected building function (x6p)
11 14.05.2021 Ramadan Holiday
12 21.05.2021 A3 - Presentation of international standards on selected building function (x6p)
13 28.05.2021 A4 - Presentation of the evaluation of their own residential building (x6p)
14 04.06.2021 A4 - Presentation of the evaluation of their own residential building (x6p)
15 11.06.2021 A4 - Presentation of the evaluation of their own residential building (x6p)
Some Essential References
Building Elements and Building Materials
1. Addleson, L., Rice, C., “Performance of Materials in Buildings”, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford, 1991.
2. Aka, İ., Betonarme Yapı Elemanları, Birsen Yayınevi, 1987.
3. Allen E., “Fundamentals of Building Construction-Materials and Methods”, John Wiley and Sons, NY, 1995.
4. Allen, E., Architectural Detailing; Function, Constructibility, Aesthetics, John Wiley and Sons, 1993.
5. Allen, W., Envelope Design for Buildings, Architectural Press, 1997.
6. Auch-Schwelk, H., Rosenkranz F., “Construction Materials Manual”, Birkhauser-Publishers for Architecture,
Switzerland, 2006.
7. Ayaydın, Y., Betonarme Çok Katlı Prefabrike İskelet Sistemler, Kurtiş, 1992.
8. Ayaydın, Y., Büyük Açıklıklı Prefabrike Betonarme Yapılar, Kurtiş, 1989.
9. Ayaydın, Y., Taşıyıcı Duvar Perdeli Prefabrike Yapılar, Yılmaz, 1987.
10. Bell, B. V., Rand, P., “Materials for Architectural Design”, Laurence King Publishing Ltd., UK, 2006.
11. Bovill, C., Architectural Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991.
12. Brand, R., Architectural Details for Insulated Buildings, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.
13. Brantley, l. R., Brantley, T. R., “Building Materials Technology-Structural Performance and Environmental
Impact”, McGraw-Hill, Inc., USA, 1996.
14. Brooks, Alan J., Meijs M., Cladding of Buildings, Taylor & Francis, 2008.
15. Ching, F.D.K., ”Building Construction Illustrated”, Fifth Edition, John Wiley&Sons, NJ, 2014.
16. Ching, F.D.K., Winkel S. R.,”Building Codes Illustrated-A guide to Understanding the 2000 International Building
Code”, John Wiley&Sons, NY, 2003.
17. Chudley, R., Advanced Construction Technology, Longman Ltd., 1999.
18. Cowan, H. (editor), “Handbook of Architectural Technology”, Von Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1991.
19. Everett, A., Baritt, C.M.H. (Revised by), “Mitchell’s Building Series-Materials”, Longman, Edinburgh, 1994.
20. Fernandez, J.E. (2006) “Material Architecture: Emergent Materials for Innovative Buildings and Ecological
Construction, Architectural Press, Oxford UK, 2006.
21. Hardie, G. M., Building Construction, Principles, Practices, and Materials, Prentice Hall, 1995.
22. Herzog, T., Krippner, R., Lang, W., Façade Construction Manual, Birkhaeuser, 2004.
23. Hindrichs, D., Daniels, K. (editor), Plusminus 20°/40°latitude, Sustainable building design in tropical and
subtropical regions, Axel Menges, Stuttgart, 2007.
24. Hoke J.R., Architectural Graphic Standards, John Wiley&Sons, New York, 1994.
25. Ilgaz, T., Dış Duvarlarda Isı Korunumu.
26. Jones, J.C., Design Methods, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1992.
27. Kaltenbach, F., Translucent Materials - Glass, Plastic, Metals, Birkhauser, Germany, 2004.
28. Kind-Barkaukas, F., Concrete Construction Manual, Birkhaeuser, 2002.
29. Knaack, U., Klein T. (editor), The Future Envelope, A Multidisciplinary Approach, Research in Architectural
Engineering Series, V8, Delft University Press, Netherlands, 2007.
30. Knaack, U., Klein T., Bilow, M., Auer, T., Facades, Principles of Construction, Birkhauser Verlag AG, Germany,
2007.
31. Levy, S. M., Construction Building Envelope and Interior Finishes, Databook, McGraw-Hill Comp., 2001.
32. Mc Evoy, M., External Components, Mitchell’s Building Series, B.T. Batsford Limited, London, 1991.
33. Millais, M., Building Structures, E&FN Spon, 1997.
34. Nashed, F., “Time Saver Details for Exterior Wall”, McGraw-Hill, 1998.
35. Oesterle, E., Lieb, R.D., Lutz, M., Heusler, W., Double-skin Facades, Integrated Planning, Prestel Verlag,
Germany, 2001.
36. Olin. H. B., Schmidt, J. L., Lewis, W. H., (revised by Simmons, L.H.) “Construction-Principles, Materials and
Methods”, Von Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1995.
37. Orton, A., The Way We Build Now, Form, Scale and Technique, E&FN Spon Press, 2001.
38. Osborn D., “Introduction to Building”, Batsford Limited, 1985.
39. Patterson, T. L., “Construction Materials for architects and Designers”, Prentice Hall College Div, (January 1990)
ASIN: 0131683454.
40. Pfeifer, G., Ramcke, R., Masonry Construction Manual, Birkhaeuser, 2001.
41. Pilkington Ltd., Windows and Environment, Architectural Press, 1971.
42. Rich, P., Dean, Y., “Principles of Element Design”, Architectural Press, 1999.
43. Reid, E., “Understanding Buildings”, MIT Press, Massachusetts, 1984.
44. Rosen, H, J., “Construction Materials Evaluation and Selection”, John Wiley&Sons, Canada, 1979.
45. Rosen, H, J., “Construction Specifications Writing-Principles and Procedures”, John Wiley&Sons, Canada, 1981.
46. Rosen, H, J., Heineman, T., “Architectural Materials for Construction”, McGraw-Hill Inc., NY, 1996.
47. Rush, R.D., “The Building Systems Integration Handbook”, Butterworth-Heineman, 1991.
48. Salvadori, M., Heler, R., Mimarlıkta Taşıyıcı Sistemler, İTÜ Mimarlık Fakültesi, 1982.
49. Schittich, C., Building Skins, Birkhaeuser, 2001.
50. Schittich, C., Staib, G., Glass Construction Manual, Birkhaeuser, 1999.
51. Schulitz, H. C., Sobek, W., Steel Construction Manual, Birkhauser, 2000.
52. Seeley, I. H., Building Technology, Macmillan Education Ltd., 1986.
53. Smith, J., Materials of Construction, Mc Graw Hill, 1988.
54. Toydemir, N.Gürdal, E., Tanaçan, L., “Yapı Elemanı Tasarımında Malzeme”, Literatür, 2000.
55. Türkçü, Ç., “Yapım”, MimarlarOdası İzmir Şubesi Yayınları, 1997.
56. Wakita, O., Linde, R.M., Professional Practice of Architectural Detailing, John Wiley and Sons, 1999.
57. Wass, A., Manual of Structural Details for Building Construction, Prentice- Hall Inc., 1968.
58. Watts, A., Modern Construction Facades, Springer Verlag, 2005.
59. Watts, A., Modern Construction Handbook, Springer, New York, 2010
60. Wilson, F., “Building Material Evaluation Handbook”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, NY, 1984.

Building Structure
1. Aka, İ., “Betonarme Yapı Elemanları”, Birsen Yayınevi, 1987.
2. Ayaydın, Y., “Betonarme Çok Katlı Prefabrike İskelet Sistemler”, Kurtiş, 1992.
3. Ayaydın, Y., “Büyük Açıklıklı Prefabrike Betonarme Yapılar”, Kurtiş, 1989.
4. Charleson, A.W., “Structure as Architecture”, Elsevier, 2005.
5. Erol, A.İ., “Yapılarda Taşıyıcı Sistem”, Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi, 1997.
6. Herzog, T., “Timber Construction Manual”, Birkhaeuser, 2004.
7. Kind-Barkaukas, F., “Concrete Construction Manual”, Birkhaeuser, 2002.
8. Koçak, Y., “Çelik İnşaat Konstrüksiyon Detayları”, Güven, 1972.
9. Macdonald, A.J., “Structure and Architecture”, Arcitectural Press, 2001.
10. Millais, M., “Building Structures”, E&FN Spon, 1997.
11. Newman, N., “Structural Details for Steel Construction”, Mc Graw Hill, 1988.
12. Schulitz, H. C., Sobek, W., “Steel Construction Manual”, Birkhauser, 2000.
13. Pfeifer,G., Ramcke, R., “Masonry Construction Manual”, Birkhaeuser, 2001.
14. Türkçü, Ç., “Çağdaş Taşıyıcı Sistemler”, Birsen Yayınevi, 2003.

Passive climatisation
1. Berköz, E., Küçükdoğu, M., Yılmaz, Z., vd., “Enerji Etkin Konut ve Yerleşme Tasarımı,” TÜBİTAK INTAG 201 no’lu
araştırma projesi, 1995, İstanbul.
2. Carter, C., Villiers, J., “Passive Solar Building Design”, Pergamon Press, 1987.
3. Cottom, W.M., “Environmental Design: The Best of Architecture and Technology”, PBC Glenlove, 1990.
4. Goudling, J., R., “Energy Conscious Design”, Luxemburg, 1992.
5. Baker, N., Steemers, K., “Energy and Environment in Architecture”, A Technical Design Guide, 1999.
6. Yannas, S., “Solar Energy and Housing Design”, Volume 1: Principles, Objectives, Guidelines, 1994.
7. Moore, F., “Environmental Control Systems”, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1993.
8. Commision of the European Communities Directorate- General XII for Science, Research and Development,
“European Passive Solar Handbook”, Basic Principles and Concepts for Passive Solar Architecture, 1986.
9. Markus, T.A., Morris, E.N., “Building, Climate and Energy”, Pitman Publ. Ltd. London, 1980.
10. Litter, J., Thomas, R., “Design with Energy, The Conservation and Use of Energy in Buildings”.
11. ASHRAE, Standart 55-81, “Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating
Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers”. Atlanta, 1981.
12. ISO Standart 7726, “Thermal Environments-Specifications Relating to Appliances and Methods for Measuring
Physical Characteristics of the Environment”, 1982
13. ASHRAE, “Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air-conditioning
Engineers”, Atlanta, 1989.
14. ISO Standart 7726 , “Moderate Thermal Environments-Determination of the PMV and PPD Indices and
Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort”, 1983.
15. Giovani, B., “Man, Climate and Architecture”, London, Elsevier Co., 1969.
16. Berköz, E., Küçükdoğu, M., Yılmaz, Z. vd., Enerji Etkin Konut ve Yerleşme Tasarımı, TÜBİTAK INTAG 201 no’lu
Araştırma Projesi, İstanbul, 1995.
17. Ok, V., “Yerleşme Dokusu Dizayn Değişkenlerinin İklimsel Performans Açısından Optimizasyonu”, TÜBİTAK.MAG
718, 1988.
18. Awbi, H.B., “Ventialation of Buildings”, London: E&FN Spon, 1991.
19. Gene R., “Site Planning, Environment, Process and Development”, Brooks, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1988.
20. Brookes, A.J., “The Building Envelope”, Oxford: Butterwith Architecture, 1990.
21. Özer, M., “Yapılarda Isı-Su Yalıtımları”, İstanbul: Özer Yay., 1982.
22. Liacre, E., “Climate Data and Resources”, London: Routledge, 1991.
23. TS 825 Isı Yalıtım Yönetmeliği, 2013.
24. Isısan Çalışmaları, No: 351 “Enerji Ekonomisi”, 2005.
25. Isısan Çalışmaları, No: 375 “Yenilenebilir Enerjiler Alternatif Sistemler”, 2005.

Lighting systems
1. Anon, IESNA, “Lighting Handbook”, Ed. M.S. Rea, USA, 2000.
2. Anon, CIE Publication, No. 29.2, “Guide on Interior Lighting”, 1986.
3. Anon, CIE Standard, No. S 008/E-2001, “Lighting of Indoor Work Places”, 2001.
4. Anon, CIBSE, “Code for Interior Lighting”, 1994.
5. Brandi, U., “Lightbook: the practice of lighting design”, Birkhäuser, c 2001.
6. Bean, R., “Lighting: Interior and Exterior”, Elsevier, 2004.
7. CIE 49, “Guide on the Emergency Lighting of Building Interiors”, 1981.
8. F. Moore “Environmental Control Systems: Heating, cooling, lighting”, 1993.
9. G.R. Steffy, “Architectural Lighting Design”, 1990.
10. IES, “Lighting Handbook”, 1984.
11. Lechner, N., “Heating, Cooling, Lighting-Design Methods for Architects”, John Wiley&Sons, 1991.
12. R.N. Helms, M.C. Belcher, “Lighting for Energy-Efficient Luminous Environments”, 1991.
13. R. Bean, “Lighting: Interior and Exterior”, 2004.
14. B. Stein, J.S. Reynolds, 9. ed., “Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings”, 2000.
15. M. Özkaya, “Aydınlatma Tekniği”, 2000.
16. Baker, N. and Steemers, K., Energy and Environment in Architecture, E&FN Spon, London. 2000.
17. Barker, T., Concept in Practice Lighting (Lighting Design in Architecture) Trafalgar Square. London, 1997.
18. Berköz, E., Küçükdoğu, M.Ş., “Çevre Kontrolünde Aydınlatma”, Ders Notu, İTÜ, 1983.
19. BS-8206-Part 1, British Standard Lighting for Buildings Part 1: Code of Practice for Artificial Lighting, British
Standards Institution, London, 1985.
20. CIBSE, “Lighting Guide, Hospitals and Health Care Buildings” LG: 2 1989, London.
21. CIBSE, “Extract from the Code for Lighting”, 2002, which is consistent with BSEN 12424-1, Lighting of indoor
workplaces.
22. EN 12464-1 “Light and lighting-Lighting of work places”, Part 1: Indoor work places, 2002.
23. EN 15193 “Energy Performance of Buildings-Energy requirements for Lighting”, 2006.
24. IESNA, “Lighting Handbook Reference & Application”, M.S. Rea, USA, 2000.
25. Robbins, C.L., “Daylighting Design and Analysis”, Van Nostrand Company, New York, 1986.
26. Steffy, G.R., “Architectural Lighting Design”, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.
27. Şerefhanoğlu, M., “Yapıların İç Aydınlatmasında Günışığı İle Lamba Işığının Temel Özellikleri ve Ayrımları” Yıldız
Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, 1992.

Noise Control-Acoustics
1. Yılmaz Demirkale, S., “Çevre ve Yapı Akustiği”, Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2006.
2. Harris, M., “Noise Control in Buildings”, McGraw-Hill Book, New York, 1994.
3. Maekawa, Z., Lord, P., “Environmental and Architectural Acoustics”, E & FN Spon, London, 1994.
4. Ver, I.L., Beranek, L.L. “Noise and Vibration Control Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2006.
5. Long, M., “Architectural Acoustics”, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, 2006.
6. Brooks, C.N., “Architectural Acoustics”, McFarland & Co., Jefferson, N.C., 2003.
7. Lord, P., “Detailing for Acoustics”, E & FN Spon, London, 1996.
8. Barron, M., “Auditorium Acoustics and Architectural Design”, E & FN Spon, London, 1993.

Heating-ventilating-air conditioning(hvac) systems- Sanitary installation

1. Alphan, A., “Yapıda Sağlık Donatımı”, İTÜ, Sayı: 1313, İstanbul, 1985.
2. Lechner, N., “Heating, Cooling, Lighting – Design Methods for Architects”, John Wiley&Sons, 1991.
3. TS EN 16941-1 “Yerinde içilebilir olmayan su sistemleri - Bölüm 1: Yağmur suyu kullanımı için sistemler”
4. TS 1258 “Temiz Su Tesisatı Hesap Kuralları”
5. Isısan Çalışmaları No:370-1 “Mimarın Tesisat El Kitabı”, 2008
6. Isısan Çalışmaları No:370-2 “Mimarın Tesisat El Kitabı”, 2008
7. Isısan Çalışmaları No:360 “Yüksek Yapılarda Tesisat” , 2007
8. Isısan Çalışmaları No:305 “Klima Tesisatı”, 2001
9. Isısan Çalışmaları No:177 “Isıtma Sistemlerindeki Gelişmeler”, 1998
10. Isısan Çalışmaları No:172 “Doğal Gaz ve LPG Tesisatı”, 1998
11. Isısan Çalışmaları No:153 “Kalorifer Tesisatı”, 1997
12. Sidal, C., Öz, S., E., “Yapıda Sıhhi Tesisat”, 1984
13. Wise, A.F.E., Swaffield, J.A., “Water, Sanitary & Waste Services for Buildings”, 2006
14. Cotton, A., Franceys, R., “Services For shelter”, 1991
15. Campbell, S., “The Home Water Supply”, 1983
16. Barry, R., The “Construction of Buildings”, Volume 5, 2004
17. Kantaroğlu, Ö. “Sıhhi Tesisat Teknolojisi”, TTMD, Yayın No:14
18. Samsunlu, A., “Atık Suların Arıtılması”, 2006
19. Burberry, P., “Environment and Services”, Mitchell’s, 1997.
20. Stein, B., Reynolds, J.S., “Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings”, John Wiley and Sons, Canada,
2000.
21. Legg, R., Calby, B.T., “Air Conditioning Systems Design Commissioning and Maintenance”, Botsford Ltd.,
London, 1991.

Fire Safety
1. Eren,İ., Kocataşkın, F., “Betonarme Yapılarda Yapısal Yangın Güvenliği”, İstanbul: İTÜ İnşaatFak. YapıAnabilim
Dalı, 2008.
2. Zeybek, A., Betonarme Kolonların Yangın Koşullarında Tasarımı ve Kontrolü, 2008.
3. TMMOB MimarlarOdası¸ Sürekli Mesleki Gelişim Merkezi, “Binalarda Yangın Güvenliği”,Ankara: TMMOB
Mimarlar Odası¸ Sürekli Mesleki Gelişim Merkezi, 2007.
4. Fire Protection Committee of the Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers,
“Performance-based Design of Structural Steel for Fire Conditions : A Calculation Methodology”, edited by
David L. Parkinson, Venkatesh Kodur, Paul D. Sullivan, Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
5. Gagnon, R.M., “Design of Special Hazard and Fire Alarm Systems”, Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning,
2008.
6. Smith, M., “Building Construction: Methods and Materials for the Fire Service”, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Prentice Hall, 2008.
7. Hasofer, A.M., Beck, V.R., Bennetts, I.D., “Risk analysis in building fire safety engineering”, Amsterdam:
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007.
8. Purkiss, J.A., “Fire safety engineering: design of structures”, Amsterdam; Boston: Elsevier/Butterworth-
Heinemann, 2007.
9. Beard, A., Carvel, R. (editor), “The Handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety”, London: Thomas Telford, 2005.
10. “Protection of Openings And Service Penetrations from Fire”, Gloucestershire: FPA, 2005.
11. Fitzgerald, R.W., “Building Fire Performance Analysis”, Chichester: J. Wiley, 2004.
12. Rasbash, D. & et al., “Evaluation of Fire Safety”,West Sussex, England; Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons, 2004.
13. “Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection”, Editor: Charles A. Harper, New York McGraw-Hill, 2004.
14. Craighead, G., “High-rise Security and Fire Life Safety”, Amsterdam; Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2003.
15. Grosse, L., “Fire Safety in Buildings”, Washington, DC: National Council of Architectural Registration Boards,
2003.
16. SFPE “Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering”, 5th ed., Quincy, Mass.: National Fire Protection Association;
Bethesda, MD: Society of Fire Protection Engineers, 2016.
17. Buchanan, A.H., “Structural Design for Fire Safety”, Chichester; New York: Wiley, 2001.
18. “Fire Retardant Materials”, edited by A.R. Horrocks and D. Price, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; Cambridge, England:
Woodhead, 2001.

X: All the relevant national and international standards and regulations.