“You cannot teach a man anything,

you can only help him find it within

himself.”
― Galileo Galilei
“Spoon feeding in the long run teaches
us nothing but the shape of the
spoon.”
- E. M. Forster
 Foundations of
Programming

Maurice Chester M. Aguda

CS/IT Instructor
 Outline
• Overview of Programming
• Examples Scenarios
• What is a Statement?
• What is Programming?
• What is a Programming Language?
• Why there are many languages?
• 3 Things to Understand in Programming
• Source Codes
• Types of Applications
“A computer program is a set
of instructions”
Example Scenario of a
Direction

Turn right
Drive one mile
Turn left to first avenue
Take the second right
Fifth house on the left
 Turn right
Drive one mile

Computers will do exactly what you tell

them base on your instructions
 Example Scenario in
Computer

• Adding two numbers

• Setting the value of variable X in
your RAM
• Changing the color of a pixel in your
monitors
 Statements
●smallest element of a programming language
●expresses some action to be carried out.
 What is Programming?
• ability to take ideas from your mind,
• break it apart into individual pieces,
• and know how to write those pieces in
programming.
• Writing statements in right order using
right syntax.
• syntax is the set of rules, principles, and
processes that govern the structure of
sentences in a given language.
• But what language?
 What is a Programming
Language?
• There have been hundreds of
programming languages since the start of
computing.
• Most popular languages are Object
Oriented.
• Most programmers will learn and use
many languages over the course of their
career.
• Once you get the basics Additional
language are easier.
 Why are there many
languages?
• If it is all about simple
instructions, why not just
one?
• Well, there is a language that
exist which is the Machine
Language
 Machine Code Language
• CPU doesn’t understand Java, PHP,
C++, VB.
• They only understand machine codes
• Series of 1 and 0, Hexadecimals
• Machine codes are for machines, not
for humans.
• Writing in this language is like
digging a mountain using only
teaspoon.
 Levels of Programming
Languages
• Machine Codes
• Low Level Language
• Mid Level Language
• High Level Language
 What is a Source Code?
• any collection of computer
instructions
• written using some human-readable
computer language, usually as text.
• Programming is all about source
codes
• Humans don’t need to focus to much
on machine codes
 3 Things to Understand in
Programming
1. How to write, Where do we start
typing
2. To Understand how source codes will
be converted to machine codes.
3. How do we exactly run it.
 Writing Source Codes
• Using Plain Text
• Using IDE
• (Integrated Development Environment)

Algol 68 Python Lua

print(“Hello World”)
Exercises #1
Exercises #2